Thermal Analysis of Organic Light Emitting Diodes Based on Basic Heat Transfer Theory

We investigate the thermal characteristics of standard organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） using a simple and clear 1D thermal model based on the basic heat transfer theory. The thermal model can accurately estimate the device temperature, which is linearly with electrical input power. The simulation results show that there is almost no temperature gradient within the OLED device working under steady state conditions. Furthermore, thermal analysis simulation results show that the surface properties （convective heat transfer coetficient and surface emissivity） of the substrate or cathode can significantly affect the temperature distribution of the OLED.

Analysis of China's sporting products industry based on the SCP framework

The SCP framework is a classical theory of industrial organization,which refers to the market structure,market conduct and market performance.This analysis is based on the SCP framework,choosing the current sporting products industry as object.Study found that China's sporting products industry's geographical layout has a"strong in South and East,weak in North and West"regional development trend,the proportion of abovedesignated enterprises is relatively low,rate of market concentration is not high,product homogenization remain quite serious.With high-speed technological progress and rapid scientific and technological updates,in the future,the sporting products industry will be reorganized according to the subdivision industries,getting rid of homogenization of competition and meeting the needs of consumers in smart wearable,health monitoring and other aspects.

THE EMERGING CHALLENGE:THE VALIDITY OF COMPUTATIONAL ORGANIZATION MODEL AND METHODOLOGY

The validity of the computational organization model is a necessary condition and also poses a bottleneck in computational organization theory development.Established on the frontline of computational organization theory,this paper provides an overall discussion on the difficulties in validation and validation methodology of the computational organization model.First,different from natural engineering system model,and also exceeding the traditional empirical method,the computational organization model is faced with various subjective and objective difficulties during the validation progress;second,in developing the situational validation methodology based on relationships among problem field,modeling purpose and referents,it is important for the computational organization model that the validation is conducted according to certain degree;third,the establishment of verification,validation and accreditation approach(VV&A),which is different from the natural engineering system,is an irresistible trend for future development of the computational organization model.Model validation should be focused on concept validation,operation validation,and data validation,as well as the principle of iterative validation approach and such validation should be conducted throughout the modeling process;finally,the validation of computational organization model should be the process to enhance people’s confidence in the model.From the perspective of review,if the model is able to pass through all the validation tests,it is helpful for a better understanding of the model’s ability,limitation and applicability.In this case,research from interdisciplinary experts is required urgently.