An Exploration of Organizational Development in the Process of Innovation and Transformation of Pharmaceutical Enterprises-Taking X Pharmaceutical Enterprise as an Example

Objective To study how to promote the smooth innovation and transformation of enterprises and enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises from the perspective of human resources organization development.In the wave of pharmaceutical industry reform,some entrepreneurs realize the importance of innovation and technology in the future.However,domestic pharmaceutical enterprises are still in the production-oriented stage.In the process of transformative innovation,pharmaceutical enterprises should not only rely on the support of scientific and technological and economic forces,but also need a suitable organizational change and many excellent talents as the source of development.Methods Through retrieving relevant literature and combined with the organizational development practice of X pharmaceutical enterprise,the organizational development model was explored in this paper.Results and Conclusion By forming a system of strategy,organization,talent,culture and mechanism,and building an organizational development model,we can improve the organizational atmosphere and organizational efficiency in the process of enterprise innovation and transformation,so as to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in the market.

Impact of taxes on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:Evidence from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)countries

Multiple ecological and socioeconomic problems have occurred worldwide,raising the awareness of sustainability.This study aims to examine the impact of taxes on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)countries.This research used effective average tax(EAT),tax on personal income(TPI),tax on corporate profits(TCP),and tax on goods and services(TGS)as the variables of taxes,and employed secondary data from 38 OECD countries covering 2000–2021.The study also used Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier(LM),Pesaran Scaled LM,Bias-Corrected Scaled LM,and Pesaran Cross-sectional dependence(CSD)tests to analyze the existence of crosssectional dependency.Then,we established the stationarity of variables through second-generation panel unit root tests(Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF)and Cross-sectional Im,Pesaran,and Shin(CIPS)),and confirmed the long-run cointegration of the variables by using secondgeneration panel cointegration test(Westerlund cointegration test).The results showed that EAT,TPI,TCP,and TGS are positively associated with SDGs.However,the change in TPI has a smaller effect on SDGs than the change in EAT or TCP or TGS.The result of panel causality indicated that EAT,TPI,and TGS have a unidirectional causal relationship with SDGs.The study also found that TCP has a bi-directional causal relationship with SDGs.Moreover,the finding indicated that the OECD countries need to focus on tax policies to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This study is based on the theory of optimal taxation(TOT),which suggests that tax systems should be designed to maximize social welfare.Finally,we suggests the importance of taking a comprehensive approach for the managers and policy-makers when analyzing the impact of taxes on SDGs.

Impact of chilling accumulation and hydrogen cyanamide on floral organ development of sweet cherry in a warm region

The microscopic investigation of the floral development of sweet cherry（Prunus avium L. cv. Hongdeng） from a warm winter climate（Shanghai） and cold winter climate（Tai＇an, Shandong Province, China） was conducted to explore the reason of low fruit set. The effect of hydrogen cyanamide（HCN） on floral development under warm winter conditions was also investigated. Trees grown in Shanghai with insufficient chilling accumulation exhibited little difference in the progression of microspore development compared to trees in Tai＇an that accumulated adequate chilling, but showed substantial delays in ovule and embryo sac development. The growth of nucelli did not proceed beyond the macrospore mother cell and macrospore stages with abortion rates of 13, 15 and 45% by 6, 3 and 0 d before full bloom, respectively. These abnormalities in the ovule and embryo sac in the Shanghai-grown trees were eliminated by HCN application. These results suggest that chilling regulates the development of female floral organs in winter dormancy; therefore, insufficient chilling accumulation, causing abnormality of the female floral organs, restricts the cultivation of sweet cherry in warm winter regions. Interestingly, HCN application, which decreased the chilling requirements for Hongdeng, may be a potential strategy for sweet cherry cultivation in warm winter regions.

Organic carbon isotope and pollen evidence for mangrove development and response to human activity in Guangxi(Southwest China) over the last 140 years

Mangrove degradation must reduce carbon sequestration in recent years, thereby aggravating global warming.Thus, short-term impacts of human activity on mangrove ecosystems are cause for concern from local governments and scientists. Mangroves sediments can provide detailed records of mangrove species variation in the last one hundred years, based on detailed 210 Pb data. The study traced the history of mangrove development and its response to environmental change over the last 140 years in two mangrove swamps of Guangxi, Southwest China. Average sedimentation rates were calculated to be 0.48 cm/a and 0.56 cm/a in the Yingluo Bay and the Maowei Sea, respectively. Chemical indicators（δ13Corg and C：N） were utilized to trace the contribution of mangrove-derived organic matter（MOM） using a ternary mixing model. Simultaneous use of mangrove pollen can help to supplement some of these limitations in diagenetic/overlap of isotopic signatures. We found that vertical distribution of MOM was consistent with mangrove pollen, which could provide similar information for tracing mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, mangrove development was reconstructed and divided into three stages： flourishing, degradation and re-flourishing/re-degradation period. The significant degradation, found in the period of 1968–1998 and 1907–2007 in the Yingluo Bay and the Maowei Sea, respectively, corresponding to a rapid increase of reclamation area and seawall length, rather than climate change as recorded in the region.

The role of lysyl oxidase-like 1 and fibulin-5 in the development of atherosclerosis and pelvic organ prolapse

Dear Editor： I would like to congratulate Zhou et al.[1] on their study of the correlation between expression of lysyl oxidase-like 1 （LOX-1） and fibulin-5 （F5） in the car- dinal ligament tissue and pelvic organ prolapse （POP）. In their elegant work, they evaluated the levels of LOX-1 and F5 in connective tissue of the cardinal ligament in order to demonstrate signs of elastinopa- thy in women with POP. They stress the concept that several environmental risk factors could cause qualitative and quantitative changes in the connective tissue promoting POP. The above authors conclude that the specific mechanism of LOXL1 and F5 involved in the development of POP is unclear.

Comparison of Organic Sector Development in Six Balkan Countries

The study elaborates and examines a method for evaluation of organic farming development according to 10 indicators estimated by experts＇ opinion. It could be used for making comparisons in different countries, regions, or even time periods on the basis of the 10 main indicators determined considering organic operators, organic area, organic production, organic farms＇ structure, resources, access to market, institutional support, education and training, science and technology, environmental protection, each one of them including sub-indicators. The proposed organic development index （ODI） could be used as a complex indicator for organic sector development embracing different and very significant aspects rather than only nowadays used organic area, percentage, sales, etc collected data for which are still questionable and difficult. The method was put into practice for six Balkan countries （Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey, and Romania）. The calculations of ODI show very low results--not well developed and competitive sector suffering the interference of international open markets. Turkey, Bulgaria, and Romania perform better while Western Balkan countries （Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina） are still at the beginning of organic sector development.

Maanshan Mining Research Institute——China Metallurgy and Mining Development Organ

The Maanshan Mining Research Institute of theMinistry of Metallurgical Industry is a composite miningscientific research institution,one of the units with rightsof conferring master degree approved by the State Council,and enjoys foreign autonomous rights for import andexport,It has a staff of 1000,including 500 senior andintermediate technical people(42 professor-rank seniorengineers,and 39 enjoying government special subsidy). The institute has faculties including

Administrations and Service Organs in the Lianyungang Development Zone

The Administrative Board of theLianyungang Development Zone isan executive administrative organimplementing unified leadership andmanagement over the development zone onbehalf of the Lianyungang People’sgovernment. According to the State’s lawsand regulations, the administrative board isresponsible for construction planning for thedevelopment zone, the execution of economicdevelopment programmes, the approval ofinvestment projects worth RMB30 millionor less, land use and building design, boostingpublic welfare in education, culture andsanitation, public security in the zone, andprotecting the legal rights of the

A review of science–policy interface for water governance in the Caspian Sea

Science and policy have been interlinked for decades and perform essential nexus conditions in the governing aspects of environmental scenarios.This review paper examines the present challenges in the science–policy interface in terms of water governance in the Caspian Sea and identifies effective conditions that may be used in the current context to enhance the mechanism.The evaluation of the science–policy link in the water policy of the Caspian Sea reveals a gap between knowledge producer and governance system,impeding the translation of scientific information into action.Complicated and context-dependent solutions make it challenging to establish effective science–policy processes in the Caspian Sea water governance settings.Establishing a common governing authority,implementing water and resource management regulations,and protecting the natural environment through legal frameworks are crucial steps to address these concerns and ensure sustainable development.Collaboration among coastal states is essential in environmental,economic,and social aspects of regional development.However,the lack of a comprehensive approach,coherent activities,and effective utilization of national and regional power has hindered efforts to halt the environmental degradation of the Caspian Sea.Local governments need to recognize their responsibility to protect and utilize the Caspian Sea for present and future generations,considering both environmental and human security.The interlinkage of the Caspian Sea water governance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)water governance principles offers a framework for policymakers to assess gaps and make necessary amendments to existing mechanisms.Effective science–policy interaction,engagement of diverse stakeholders,institutionalizing agreements,and addressing collective action issues are critical for successful water governance.

Is there regional convergence between Morocco and its OECD partner countries in terms of well-being?

Morocco wants its 12 regions to play the role as the main lever of its public policies to initiate harmonized spatial multidimensional development. In the context of this goal and Morocco’s openness over the past two decades to bilateral and multilateral cooperation in an effort toward regional integration, this article studies the convergence of 389 regions in 36 countries(Morocco and 35 of its partner member countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)) between 2000 and 2019 in terms of well-being. To this end, we considered the territorial dimension of β-convergence models for well-being and its four domains(economic, social, environmental, and governance). Then, we adapted the absolute β-convergence model by taking into account the existence of spatial heterogeneity according to five specifications of spatial models. Thus, apart from environmental domain, we found that β-convergence of regions is significant for well-being and three of its domains(economic, social, and governance). These convergences are made by a spatially autocorrelated error model(SEM). However, the speed and period of convergence are relatively low for social domain, partly explaining the very exacerbated tensions at the territorial level. The fastest convergence was achieved in governance domain, followed by economic domain. This suggests that emerging countries must pay particular attention to national public action in favor of social cohesion at the territorial level. The lack of convergence in environmental domain calls for common actions for all countries at the supranational level to protect the commons at the territorial level.

Advances in Small RNAs and Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Small RNAs are non-coding RNA molecules with 20-30 nucleotides （nt） in length that mainly play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcription level by directly cutting target mRNA or inhibiting its translation. Small RNAs play regulatory roles in the growth and development process of plants at the core of gene regulatory networks, which has been widely studied and confirmed in sporophyte generation of plants. However, few researches have been conducted on small RNAs and gametophyte generation. It is reported that small RNAs play important roles in floral organ development, gametogenesis, fertilization, and early zygotic development of plants. In addition, various small RNAs also play roles in controlling genetic integrity, cell differentiation and functions during the sexual reproduction process of plants. However, most of the specific functions of small RNAs in the sexual reproduction process are unknown yet. This study mainly aimed to introduce small RNAs in plants, summarize the latest advances in researches of small RNAs and plant sexual reproduction, and make prospect on its future.

Transcriptome analysis of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. var vestita Diels fl owers during sex differentiation

Idesia polycarpa Maxim.var vestita Diels.is a dioecious tree species native to eastern Asia.There are diffi culties associated with distinguishing the sex of the plant at the seedling stage.In order to explore the mechanism of sex diff erentiation in fl ower development,we conducted the transcriptome profi les of male and female fl owers at early,metaphase and late developmental stages.Approximately 123,335 unigenes with a total length of 83,996 Mb and an average length of 168 bp were assembled.The unigenes were blasted into Nr,Nt,Pfam,KOG/COG,Swiss-prot,KEGG,GO databases.Homology analysis demonstrated that I.polycarpa and black cottonwood had the highest homology with the alignment of 92,871 sequences.This study identifi ed 80 groups of transcription factor families with a total of 1475 unigenes,mainly including MYB,WRKY,AP2 and bHLH transcription factor families.KEGG pathway analysis showed that the expression of numerous plant hormones(cytokinin,gibberellin and ethylene)and fl avonoid biosynthesis pathway were diff erent at various stages of female and male fl ower development.In addition,a number of unigenes associated with fl owering were identifi ed which were key genes associated with photoperiodic,vernalization,thermosensory,gibberellin,and autonomic pathways.The results show that I.polycarpa fl oral organ development was in accordance with the ABCDE model,in which the down-regulation of the B gene family might aff ect stamen fertility in late stages of female fl ower development.qRTPCR experiments validated that the expression patterns of 15 unigenes were consistent with those in RNA-seq results.The results highlight a central role for plant sex identifi cation in seedling production and a sex-determining mechanism for dioecious plants.In addition,the transcriptome data provided a theoretical basis for I.polycarpa genetic diversity analysis and molecular-assisted breeding.

Cloning and Characterization of a Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor-Like Kinase Gene in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

A novel gene, GhSERK1, was identified in cotton. It encoded a protein belonging to the somatic embryogenesis receptor- like kinase （SERK） family. The genomic sequence of GhSERK1 was 6 920 bp in length, containing a predicted transcriptional start site （TSS）. Its full-length cDNA was 2 502 bp, encoding a protein of 627 amino acids. Sequence analysis of GhSERK1 revealed high levels of similarity to other reported SERKs, as well as a conserved intron/exon structure that was unique to members of the SERK family. Expression analysis showed that GhSERK1 mRNA was present in all organs of cotton plants and at different developmental stages, but its transcripts were most abundant in reproductive organs. Compared with that of the male-fertile line, the level of GhSERK1 mRNA was lower in the anther of the male-sterile cotton line, in which the pollen development was defected. Taken together, these findings illustrated that the GhSERK1 play a critical role during the anther formation, and may also have a broad role in other aspects of plant development.

Nurse staffing and life expectancy at birth and at 65 years old:Evidence from 35 OECD countries

Objective: To measure the possible magnitude of the role nurse staffing has on increasing life expectancy at birth and at 65 years old.Methods: The statistical technique of panel data analysis was applied to investigate the relationship from the number of practicing nurses' density per 1000 population to life expectancy at birth and at 65 years old.Five control variables were used as the proxies for the levels of medical staffing,health care financial and physical resources,and medical technology.The observations of 35 member countries of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) were collected from OECD Health Statistics over 2000-2016 period.Results: There were meaningful relationships from nurse staffing to life expectancy at birth and at 65 years with the long-run elasticities of 0.02 and 0.08,respectively.Overall,the role of nursing characteristics in increasing life expectancy indicators varied among different health care systems of OECD countries and in average were determined at the highest level in Japan (0.25),followed by Iceland (0.24),Belgium (0.21),Czech Republic (0.21),Slovenia (0.20) and Sweden (0.18).Conclusion: A higher proportion of nursing staff is associated with higher life expectancy in OECD countries and the dependency of life expectancy to nursing staff would increase by aging.Hence,the findings of this study warn health policy makers about ignoring the effects nursing shortages create e.g.increasing the risk of actual age-specific mortality,especially in care of elderly people.

Investigation of the immune effects of Scutellaria baicalensis on blood leukocytes and selected organs of the chicken＇s lymphatic system

Background： The health of chickens and the welfare of poultry industry are central to the efforts of addressing global food security. Therefore, it is essential to study chicken immunology to maintain and improve its health and to find novel and sustainable solutions. This paper presents a study on investigation of the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis root（SBR） on the immune response of broiler chicken, especially on lymphocytes and heterophils reactivity, regarding their contribution to the development of immunity of the chickens.Methods： The 121-day-old Hubbard Hi-Y male broiler hybrids were randomly assigned to four treatment groups,three SBR supplemented groups（0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of SBR） and one control group. Each treatment was replicated five times with six birds per replicate pen in a battery brooder. Blood was collected after 3-（rd） and 6-（th）wk of the experiment, and hemoglobin and hematocrit values were determined, as well as total leukocyte count and differential count were performed. Nitroblue tetrazolium test and phagocytosis assay as nonspecific immune parameters and humoral immune responses to the antigenic challenge by sheep red blood cells were performed.Moreover, the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to form radial segmentation（RS） of their nuclei was analyzed.Body weight and relative weight of spleen, liver, and bursa of Fabricius were recorded.Results： Results showed that mean heterophile/lymphocyte ratio increased in the SBR groups compared to the control group and the blood of the chickens showed lymphocytic depletion. The results also demonstrated that the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and spleen in groups fed with SBR significantly decreased compared to the control group. This study also showed that the addition of SBR significantly inhibited the formation of RS of nuclei compared to some cytotoxic substances.Conclusion： We found that SBR supplementation should be carefully evaluated when given to poultry. The excess intake of SBR supplementation may cause immunologic inhibition and may negatively affect the development of immune organs. SBR has inhibited the formation of radial segmentation nuclei showing antimetastatic properties and also the phagocytosis of chicken heterophils.

Expression and Interaction Analysis of FAZ1 Protein in Brassica oleracea

To identify and characterize genes involved in reproductive tissue abscission in Brassica oleracea,the transcript data of pollinated pistil was analyzed.A differentially expressed gene,named BoFAZ1(FLOWER ABSCISSION ZONE1)was identified,which contains one exon and encompass a 139aa.Furthermore,a T-DNA insertion mutant(SALK_302_G01)(faz1 mutant)was obtained from Arabidopsis thaliana mutant library.Floral organ shedding from mutants was delayed and a V-shaped structure in the boundary region between the stalk and torus of the sepal abscission zone was obtained in faz1 mutant.The cell density of this structure was lower than that of the corresponding region in the wild-type control.In the transgenic plants,the normal development of the stalk zone of faz1 was recovered completely by transforming a 1919-bp DNA fragment of BoFAZ1 into the faz1 mutant.In Addition,our data showed that BoFAZ1 was expressed in mature pollen grains,but not in the bracts,roots,stems,leaves,and sepals.Its expression in the filaments,stigma,and pistil exfoliation layer gradually increased after pollination.Subcellular localization experiments showed that BoFAZ1 was located in the cell membrane.A myristoylation site was found at the N-terminus of BoFAZ1.Removal of this site resulted in protein dislocation in the cytoplasm,cell membrane and nucleus.Finally,a yeast two-hybrid test indicated that BoH3.2(histone H3.2),a protein involved in abscission zone development,interacted with BoFAZ1.This interaction was verified by a GST pull-down assay.In summary,our data indicated that BoFAZ1 was involved in the formation of the pistil abscission zone in B.oleracea.

Developing Universities into Learning Organizations

A number of companies and organizations consider that it is necessary todevelop into learning organizations in order to meet the challenges of rapidly changing world. Aftera review on the literature on the learning organization, there is no question that the concept isboth attractive and complex. There appears to be more consensus about that becoming a learningorganization is more of a journey than a destination. Senge identifies five key disciplines thatKelp organization to become a learning organization, and the disciplines mean commitment, focus,and practice. In recent years the concept of the learning organization is translated into theeducation sector. Today, more than ever, more and more people see education as the highest form ofleverage to improve society. As the highest form of the education sector, universities must try todevelop into learning organizations. But the process will be neither easy nor swift, and we shouldview the process not as a task to be completed, but as the ongoing work. Effective change andimprovement can only happen by conducting long-term practice involving teachers, administrators,parents, and students who have a common vision and work and live with a learning culture.

“Integrating OD, HR and Change Management: Strategies for Sustained Success”--Insights on AODN and Foresights on Application of OD to Educational Systems

Organizations are facing unprecedented challenges in the 21st century and OD plays a significant role in creating effective responses to these changes.Not only has it been applied in the USA but gains popularity in dynamic Asian region under the megatrend of globalization and information technology.This paper gains insight from Asia Organization Development(OD)Network Summit and discusses future potential application of OD to educational systems.

Ribosome Biogenesis Factor Bmsl-like Is Essential for Liver Development in Zebrafish

Ribosome biogenesis in the nucleolus requires numerous nucleolar proteins and small non-coding RNAs.Among them is ribosome biogenesis factor Bmsl,which is highly conserved from yeast to human.In yeast,Bmsl initiates ribosome biogenesis through recruiting Rcll to pre-ribosomes.However,little is known about the biological function of Bmsl in vertebrates.Here we report that Bmsl plays an essential role in zebrafish liver development.We identified a zebrafish bms1l^（sq163） mutant which carries a T to A mutation in the gene bmsl-like（bms1l）.This mutation results in L^（152） to Q^（152） substitution in a GTPase motif in Bmsll.Surprisingly,bmsll^（sq163） mutation confers hypoplasia specifically in the liver,exocrine pancreas and intestine after 3 days post-fertilization（dpf）.Consistent with the bmsll^（sq163） mutant phenotypes,whole-mount in situ hybridization（WISH） on wild type embryos showed that bmsll transcripts are abundant in the entire digestive tract and its accessory organs.Immunostaining for phospho-Histone 3（P-H3） and TUNEL assay revealed that impairment of hepatoblast proliferation rather than cell apoptosis is one of the consequences of bms1l（sq163） giving rise to an under-developed liver.Therefore,our findings demonstrate that Bmsll is necessary for zebrafish liver development.