The future of artificial hibernation medicine:protection of nerves and organs after spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury is a serious disease of the central nervous system involving irreversible nerve injury and various organ system injuries.At present,no effective clinical treatment exists.As one of the artificial hibernation techniques,mild hypothermia has preliminarily confirmed its clinical effect on spinal cord injury.However,its technical defects and barriers,along with serious clinical side effects,restrict its clinical application for spinal cord injury.Artificial hibernation is a futureoriented disruptive technology for human life support.It involves endogenous hibernation inducers and hibernation-related central neuromodulation that activate particular neurons,reduce the central constant temperature setting point,disrupt the normal constant body temperature,make the body adapt"to the external cold environment,and reduce the physiological resistance to cold stimulation.Thus,studying the artificial hibernation mechanism may help develop new treatment strategies more suitable for clinical use than the cooling method of mild hypothermia technology.This review introduces artificial hibernation technologies,including mild hypothermia technology,hibernation inducers,and hibernation-related central neuromodulation technology.It summarizes the relevant research on hypothermia and hibernation for organ and nerve protection.These studies show that artificial hibernation technologies have therapeutic significance on nerve injury after spinal co rd injury through inflammatory inhibition,immunosuppression,oxidative defense,and possible central protection.It also promotes the repair and protection of res pirato ry and digestive,cardiovascular,locomoto r,urinary,and endocrine systems.This review provides new insights for the clinical treatment of nerve and multiple organ protection after spinal cord injury thanks to artificial hibernation.At present,artificial hibernation technology is not mature,and research fa ces various challenges.Neve rtheless,the effort is wo rthwhile for the future development of medicine.

A novel semi-dominant allele of the transmembrane NAC transcription factor ZmNTL2 reduces the size of multiple maize organs

Maize plant architecture influences planting density and,in turn,grain yield.Most of the plant architecture-related traits can be described as organ size.We describe a miniature maize mutant,Tiny plant 4(Tip4),which exhibits reduced size of multiple organs and exhibits a semi-dominant monofactorial inheritance characteristic.Positional cloning confirmed that a 4-bp deletion in the NAC TF with transmembrane motif 1-Like(NTL)gene ZmNTL2,denoted as ZmNTL2^(Δ),confers the Tip4 mutation.qRT-PCR showed that ZmNTL2 was expressed in all tested tissues.ZmNTL2 functions as a transcriptional activator and is located in both the nucleus and biomembranes.The mutation does not affect the mRNA abundance of ZmNTL2 locus,but it does result in the loss of transmembrane domain and confines the ZmNTL2^(Δ)protein to the nucleus.Knocking out ZmNTL2 has no effect on maize organ size development,indicating that the 4-bp deletion might be a gain-of-function mutation in organ size regulation.Combining transcriptome sequencing with cytokinin and auxin content determination suggests that the decreased organ size may be possibly mediated by changes in hormone homeostasis.

The storage and utilization of carbohydrates in response to elevation mediated by tree organs in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests

Global climate change can affect tree growth and carbon sink function by influencing plant carbohydrate synthesis and utilization,while elevation can be used as an ideal setting under natural conditions to simulate climate change effects.The effect of elevation on tree growth may depend on organ type.However,the allocation patterns of nonstructural and structural carbohydrates(NSCs and SCs,respectively)in different tree organs and their response to elevation remain unclear.We selected four dominant tree species,Schima superba,Castanopsis eyrei,Castanopsis fargesii and Michelia maudiae,along an elevation gradient from 609 to 1,207 m in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests and analyzed leaf,trunk,and fine root NSCs,carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)concentrations and the relative abundance of SCs.Leaf NSCs increased initially and then decreased,and trunk NSCs increased with increasing elevation.However,root NSCs decreased with increasing elevation.The relative abundance of SCs in leaves and trunks decreased,while the relative abundance of root SCs increased with increasing elevation.No significant correlations between SCs and NSCs in leaves were detected,while there were negative correlations between SCs and NSCs in trunks,roots,and all organs.Hierarchical partitioning analysis indicated that plant C/N and C/P were the main predictors of changes in SCs and NSCs.Our results suggest that tree organs have divergent responses to elevation and that increasing elevation will inhibit the aboveground part growth and enhance the root growth of trees.A tradeoff between the C distribution used for growth and storage was confirmed along the elevation gradient,which is mainly manifested in the"sink"organs of NSCs.Our results provide insight into tree growth in the context of global climate change scenarios in subtropical forest ecosystems.

Trends in Extra-Ovarian Cancer Tissues and Organs Resection in Patients with Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer mostly presents with extensive peritoneal cavity and extraperitoneal dissemination. Satisfactory and complete resection of the lesions is one of the key factors to improve the prognosis. The trend of surgical resection of extra-ovarian tissues and organs invaded by the tumor has become obvious in order to remove all primary loci and all metastases as much as possible to minimize residual tumor lesions. This article provides a literature review on organ resection in ovarian cancer cytoreduction, summarizing the perioperative complications and survival outcomes at the time of different organ surgery, with the aim of providing guidance for clinical work.

Observing single cells in whole organs with optical imaging

Cells are the basic unit of human organs that are not fully understood.The revolutionary advancements of optical imaging alowed us to observe single cells in whole organs,revealing the complicated composition of cells with spatial information.Therefore,in this review,we revisit the principles of optical contrast related to those biomolecules and the optical techniques that transform optical contrast into detectable optical signals.Then,we describe optical imaging to achieve threedimensional spatial discrimination for biological tisutes.Due to the milky appearance of tissues,the spatial information burred deep in the whole organ.Fortunately,strategies developed in the last decade could circumvent this issue and lead us into a new era of investigation of the cells with their original spatial information.

Pelvic Organs Prolapse in Low-Resources Countries: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Quality of Life. Narrative Review

Objective: Pelvic organ prolapse is an emerging public health problem affecting adult women of all ages with a negative impact on social, physical well-being, and psychological. Its presents several challenges in countries with low resources. This literature review aims to examine POP in its epidemiological aspects, risk factors, and staging by taking up the challenges associated with low-resource settings and identifying some avenues for future research. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The other studies were identified by checking the secondary references in the original citation. We have collected studies on adult women published in English for the last 30 years. In total, 71 articles were read. We excluded studies from all newspaper articles, Studies presenting co-morbidities (fistulas, cervical cancer, pregnancy), those evaluating treatment, letters, comments, case reports, practice guidelines, news, historical articles, legal cases, published erratum, and congresses. Results: 16 studies examining the epidemiology have been identified with 11 in countries defined by the World Bank as limited or intermediate resources. 18 on risk factors whose 10 in countries with limited or intermediate resources, 10 on staging and 27 on physiopathology. Conclusion: POP affects the young more in low-resource settings. Its prevalence remains underestimated for several reasons. Several risk factors found are the same as those of women in countries with a high standard of living. However, there are some specific risk factors for these resource-limited settings.

Bio-effects of 5th generation electromagnetic waves on organs of human beings

Objectives:The uses of devices of electromagnetic waves(EMWs)are increasing day by day.Similarly,the generation of the waves is increasing.The frequency spectrum of the generation of waves is also increased.In this manuscript,an analysis of the high frequency EMWs has been made by the electric fields generated due to the exposure of 5th generation(5 G)of mobile phones.Methods:Due to the emission of waves from the towers,the electric field is generated around the transmission tower of mobile phones.The electric fields are computed by the power of the transmission tower.The electric fields across the biological tissues/cells are also computed when the EMWs penetrate inside the body.The electric fields are made across the organs of different depths inside the body.Results:The induced electric fields inside the organs of the human beings are responsible for the absorption of energy from high frequency EMWs.The absorbed amount of energy from high frequency waves may become the cause of harmful effects on the life of organs of human beings.Conclusion:In this manuscript,after analysis of the computed electric fields inside the organs of human beings,it is concluded that the EMWs of 5 G spectrum of mobile phone towers may more harmful for the life of organs as 4th generation(4 G)spectrum of mobile phone waves.The energy absorption by the 4 G spectrum is lower than 5 G spectrum due to the range of frequency of waves.The effects on the pancreas,retina,skin,intestine,spleen,stomach and uterus are more than low water content organs like nails,bone,teeth etc.

浅议“五脏六腑皆令人不寐,非独心也”

不寐是临床上常见的一种睡眠障碍,长期不寐对人们的工作、生活和学习造成很大的影响,给患者、家庭和社会带来不同程度的隐患和危害。作者查阅古代医家文献及现代诸多学者论文基础上,结合多年临床治疗不寐经验,提出“五脏六腑皆令人不寐,非独心也”观点。文章分别从生理状态、病理变化、中医药治疗等方面就不寐与五脏六腑的管理进行论述,认为生理情况下人体各脏腑各司其职,互相协调,方可正常寤寐。病理情况下,各种因素引起五脏六腑功能失常,直接或间接导致心神不宁、心神失养,阴阳失交,从而产生不寐。因不寐的发病与五脏六腑均有密切联系,故概括为“五脏六腑皆令人不寐,非独心也”。通过探讨不寐与脏腑的关系,旨在拓宽临床不寐中医论治思路,为不寐的中医辨证论治开辟新思路和方案。

Research Progress of Perioperative Application of GLP-1 and Its Protective Effects on Organs

Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)is a multifunctional hormone with broad pharmacological potential to control inflammation,protect cardiovascular,kidney,and liver functions.Moreover,GLP-1 can also cross the blood-brain barrier and bind with GLP-1R distributed in various parts of the brain,thereby reducing apoptosis caused by neuroinflammation and oxygen stress,and promoting learning,memory,cognitive function,neuroprotection,and nerve cell remodeling.However,the exact molecular pathway by which GLP-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)exerts protective effects on many organs is not fully understood,so it is a hot topic of research.In this article,the recent research on the multi-organ protection of GLP-1 is reviewed,with emphasis on the research progress in the field of nervous system and perioperative anesthesia.

喷施不同浓度海藻叶面肥对茶叶产量和品质的影响

研究不同浓度的海藻叶面肥(Organic-based biostimulant formulas,OBFs)喷施下茶青产量和品质的变化,为红壤区茶树高产优质栽培提供理论指导。在常规施肥的基础上,以不喷施OBFs为对照(T0),在茶园设置5个OBFs叶面肥喷施体积分数0.33%、0.66%、0.99%、1.32%、1.65%,分别记为T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5),研究喷施不同浓度OBFs对茶树嫩叶吸收养分、以及茶产量与品质的影响。结果表明,喷施OBFs可以改善茶树农艺性状、促进嫩叶吸收养分和增产提质。与T0相比,T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)处理茶青产量分别增加1.4、1.4、1.3、2.1、2.4倍(P<0.05)。随着OBFs喷施浓度增加,茶青总生物碱、咖啡碱和氨基酸的含量先升后降。与T0相比,T_(1)和T_(2)处理茶青总生物碱分别增加9.6%和9.3%,咖啡碱分别增加9.3%和11.4%,氨基酸含量分别增加5.0%和12.4%(P<0.05)。此外,T_(1)和T_(2)处理下茶青氮含量分别增加5.5%和6.1%,磷含量分别增加19.9%和13.3%,钾含量分别增加20.9%和10.0%;T_(1)处理下茶青硅含量增加14.8%(P<0.05)。茶青产量与芽头密度、百芽重、节间长、叶面积、叶绿素含量均显著正相关;茶青咖啡碱、总生物碱与茶青氮、磷、钾和硅含量呈显著正相关,茶青非必需氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量与茶青氮、磷、钾含量均有显著的正相关关系。综上所述,喷施OBFs可以提高茶青产量,其中以喷施1.65%OBFs茶青产量较高,喷施0.33%、0.66%OBFs可以提高茶树嫩叶氮、磷、钾和硅元素的含量,改善茶树农艺性状,实现茶青产量和品质的双提升。

无有机模板法制备Cu-ZSM-5催化剂及其选择性催化氧化苯乙烯

不使用任何有机模板剂,硝酸铜和正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)经过酸性水解、碱性陈化和水热晶化,制备得到四配位铜修饰ZSM-5沸石(Cu-ZSM-5)。考察凝胶的Si/Al摩尔比、pH值、晶化温度和晶化时间对Cu-ZSM-5的晶型和相对结晶度的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外漫反射谱和X-射线光电子能谱等手段对Cu-ZSM-5进行分析表征。结果表明:Cu-ZSM-5沸石具有MFI结构,结晶度高,无其他杂晶;铜原子以四配位为主。四配位铜是催化氧化苯乙烯的活性位点;在m(Cu-ZSM-5-50)=0.1 g、n(TBHP)/n(Styrene)=1.5、T=60℃、t=5 h条件下,苯乙烯转化率和苯甲醛选择性分别为76.5%和69.4%,表明Cu-ZSM-5-50具有较高的催化活性和较好的重复利用性。该制备方法不使用有机模板剂,无需高温焙烧,Cu-ZSM-5催化剂的制备成本大大降低。

玉米芯-环糊精交联复合材料对染料分子的吸附性能

以玉米芯和β-环糊精为原料,通过一锅法制备了玉米芯-β-环糊精复合材料(CB-β-CD),通过FTIR、SEM、BET、热重分析仪对其进行了表征。考察了CB-β-CD对酸性品红(AF)和孔雀石绿(MG)在不同吸附条件下的吸附性能。结果表明,20 mL染料初始质量浓度为30 mg/L,加入10 mg吸附剂,吸附3 h,CB-β-CD对MG和AF的最大吸附量分别为52.16 mg/g和58.04 mg/g。MG在碱性条件下更有利于吸附剂的吸附,AF在酸性条件下更有利于吸附剂的吸附。AF和MG的吸附更符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,整个吸附过程以单分子层化学吸附为主。经过5次循环使用,该材料的吸附性能仍可达到90%以上。

传统知识组织方法的智能力

[目的/意义]通过对传统知识组织方法的体系、规则分析,凝练出传统知识组织方法的智能能力,并将其融入人工智能技术,以增强人工智能信息处理的精准与高效。[方法/过程]文章通过回顾知识组织的发展过程,分析传统知识组织方法的内在结构,深入探讨了传统知识组织方法的机理。[结果/结论]研究认为,知识组织经过数百年的发展演进,能从不同角度去反映各学科的知识体系、学科体系,能从知识多样化的关联建立知识间的语义关系,可采用科学的知识组织方法将不同形式、不同类型、不同结构的知识关联并融合在一起,这些能力为人工智能把握知识体系、探索知识间的关系、推理科学问题中的相关可能性,以及拓展或聚焦知识和词汇、分析事物之间的关系等提供了更加有效的途径。人工智能在信息处理领域的发展应当与知识组织密切配合,充分发挥知识组织的潜在智能力。

急性胃肠道损伤分级联合序贯器官衰竭评分对脓毒症患者28天预后有评估价值

目的:探讨急性胃肠损伤(AGI)分级联合序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)对脓毒症患者28 d预后的预测价值。方法:以192例脓毒症患者为研究对象,根据患者28 d是否存活分为存活组和死亡组,比较2组的临床特征。入院1周内每日记录AGI分级,并分析不同AGI分级患者的临床特征。分别绘制AGI分级、SOFA评分、急性生理学及慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分以及AGI分级联合SOFA评分对患者28 d预后的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算相应的曲线下面积(AUC),并进行比较。结果:192例脓毒症患者28 d死亡率为38.0%(73/192),AGI的发生率为89.1%(171/192),其中1级患者69例,2级72例,3级26例,4级4例。AGI分级越高,患者危重症评分、28 d死亡率越高(P均<0.01)。多元回归分析显示,年龄、乳酸、机械通气(MV)、AGI分级以及APACHEⅡ评分是脓毒症患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线分析提示,AGI分级、SOFA评分对患者28 d死亡的预测能力均低于APACHEⅡ评分,但两者相结合的预测能力与APACHEⅡ评分相当(P>0.01)。结论:脓毒症患者AGI发生率高,AGI分级联合SOFA评分对脓毒症患者28 d预后有预测价值。

长期施用有机肥对西北半干旱区小麦田土壤团聚体分布及其有机碳的影响

以国家土壤质量安定观测实验站黄绵土区长期定位试验为研究平台,研究长期施肥对半干旱区小麦田土壤团聚体分布及其有机碳含量的影响。结果表明:0~20 cm土层土壤团聚体含量随粒级减小总体呈先降低后增加的变化趋势,团聚体有机碳含量随粒级减小呈增加的变化趋势。长期化肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)和单施有机肥(OM)较单施化肥(NPK)处理显著增加了>0.25 mm团聚体含量和团聚体平均质量直径,提高了>1 mm粒级土壤团聚体对有机碳的贡献率。各粒级土壤团聚体有机碳含量及团聚体有机碳储量均随着土层的加深而降低,>1 mm粒级团聚体有机碳对长期施用有机肥的农田有机碳变化响应敏感。NPKM和OM较NPK处理显著增加了0~20 cm土层土壤团聚体有机碳含量及其储量,其中0~10 cm土层团聚体有机碳储量分别增加了34.1%和25.2%,10~20 cm土层分别增加了26.89%和17.95%,而长期NPK处理对团聚体有机碳含量及其储量影响不明显。综上所述,在西北黄土丘陵半干旱区黄绵土条件下,长期施用有机肥(NPKM和OM处理)可显著提高耕层>0.25 mm团聚体含量及其稳定性,增加团聚体有机碳储量,土壤增碳培肥效果显著,而单施化肥对改善农田土壤团聚体结构及其固碳培肥效果不明显,需加强与有机肥配施从而实现土壤培肥。

数字赋能社会组织参与社区治理的生成逻辑与实践进路

社会组织是中国社会治理体系和治理能力现代化的有机组成部分,是社区治理的重要主体和推动力量。基于“技术—组织—环境”的TOE分析框架,数字赋能社会组织参与社区治理的生成逻辑主要表现为数字技术双重赋能角色的驱动、社会组织发展束缚破解的推动、国家方针政策引导的拉动,其在实践中主要面临数字阻力、主体约束和结构掣肘等三个层面的现实困境。因此,数字赋能社会组织参与社区治理需要充分考虑数字技术、环境建构与组织形态所形塑的复合情境,从环境、组织、技术多维度建构复合赋能模式。

涉农高校助力乡村振兴的新型组织模式探索与实践——以吉林农业科技学院为例

乡村振兴战略是党的十九大提出的解决“三农”问题、加快农业农村现代化发展的重要举措。涉农高校在乡村振兴战略实施中具有独特优势,且肩负着重要使命。以吉林农业科技学院为例,提出涉农高校助力乡村振兴战略实施“五结合”新型组织模式,即“线上+线下”“集中+分散”“学校+企业”“项目+成果”“工作站+产业学院”,可为涉农高校服务乡村振兴战略提供借鉴,为乡村振兴发展提供新的思路和方法。

党的组织法规法典的规范体系:应然定位、法规构成与立规限度

规范体系的边界划分是编纂党的组织法规法典首先要明确的问题。党的组织法规法典的规范体系可以从党的选举类、组织类、象征标志类和组织工作类法规进行定位,宜选择“中法典”的编纂思路,对党的选举类、组织类和组织工作类法规进行法典化。党的组织法规与其他领域党内法规的调整范围划分是法典规范体系的外在限定,决定着法典规范体系的内容取舍,为此需要厘清党的组织法规与其他领域法规的界限。党的组织法规法典规范体系的立规限度应以法规是否频繁变动、调整领域是否具有局限性、是否具有试行期限、是否属于细密配套性法规、是否在适用主体上具有特定性及适用空间领域具有特定性等为标准进行考量,在此基础上合理界定法典规范体系的立规限度,最终形成边界清晰、规范内容完整和内外协调的党的组织法规法典。

NLRP3炎症小体抑制剂MCC950通过抑制Th1/Th17和促进Tregs改善脓毒症小鼠器官损伤

目的:探讨核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体抑制剂MCC950对脓毒症小鼠T细胞分化及器官损伤的影响。方法:将18只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为假手术组(sham组)、脓毒症模型组(CLP组)和MCC950治疗组(MCC950组),每组6只。其中CLP组和MCC950组通过盲肠结扎穿孔(CLP)的方法制备脓毒症模型。MCC950组腹腔注射溶于0.5 mL 0.9%氯化钠溶液的MCC950(50 mg/kg),sham组和CLP组腹腔注射等体积的0.9%氯化钠溶液。CLP术后24 h收集小鼠血清及器官标本。HE染色法观察脓毒症小鼠肺脏、肾脏组织病理损伤程度,并计算生存率;Western blot法检测脾脏NLRP3蛋白含量;ELISA法检测小鼠血清和肺组织的细胞因子水平(IL-1β、IL-18、IL-1α、IL-6、TNF-α);分离脾脏获得脾脏淋巴细胞,采用流式细胞术检测辅助性T细胞(Th)1、Th17、调节性T细胞(Tregs)比例。结果:与sham组相比,CLP组小鼠肺组织炎性细胞浸润、水肿和肺泡壁增厚,肾小管刷状缘和上皮细胞减少,肾小球萎缩,肾小管成弥漫性扩张,大量炎性细胞浸润,脾脏NLRP3的蛋白表达上调(P<0.05),血清IL-1β、IL-18、IL-1α、IL-6、TNF-α水平均升高(P<0.05),肺组织中IL-1α、IL-6、TNF-α水平均升高(P<0.05),脾脏CD4^(+)IFN-γ^(+)Th1、CD4^(+)IL-17^(+)Th17、CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+)Tregs比例均升高(P<0.05),小鼠7 d生存率为30%(P<0.05)。与CLP组相比,MCC950组小鼠肺组织炎性细胞浸润减轻,水肿减退,肾小管扩张不明显,炎性细胞浸润亦有所减轻,脾脏NLRP3的蛋白表达下调(P<0.05),血清IL-1β、IL-18、IL-1α、IL-6、TNF-α水平均降低(P<0.05),肺组织中IL-1α、IL-6、TNF-α水平均降低(P<0.05),脾脏CD4^(+)IFN-γ^(+)Th1、CD4^(+)IL-17^(+)Th17比例减少,CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Foxp3^(+)Tregs比例明显增加(P<0.05),小鼠7 d生存率显著提升(P<0.05)。结论:MCC950阻断NLRP3可改善脓毒症小鼠的器官损伤,其作用可能依赖于抑制Th1/Th17反应和促进Tregs反应。

有组织教研:人工智能环境下教师研修的有序进化

传统教师教研形式因客观性不强、持续性不够、衔接性不足,与时代所需要的高质量教研相悖,影响了教师的专业发展。基于生态进化理论,建构以人工智能技术为教师提供选题、过程支持、资源制度、工具辅助和协同机制的有组织教研模式,以提升教研与教师的个体适配,形成有组织的多主体行动网络,并在有序原理和整体原理的框架下,建构了智能技术支持的教师有组织教研运行模型。有组织教研的关键问题是教师动态需求的系统捕获、内容进化的智能控制、自适应路径的有效调节、研修空间的适应性调整、语义关联的建立,并形成面对理论与实践冲突、转化机制异化、主体与相关要素不适切等问题的处理机制。要实现人工智能支持的有组织教研,需要按照有组织教研的运行建立设计人工智能元平台,布局大数据采集平台,开发教育人工智能的算力,并在制度和理念的双向演进中通过实践进行优化,实现人工智能下教师研修模式的迭代。