Value Orientation in Higher Education-Strategies for Implementation in Particular Reference to Indian Universities and Colleges During COVID-19

This present theoretical paper tries to highlight,i.e.,how education plays an important role in the process of social change through inculcating value within the youngsters of our higher education particularly in this COVID-19 unpredicted situation.It is very potential instrument,a powerful medium of bringing about changes in the society through more than 65%of the youngsters in the higher education of our country.Changes brought about by value-oriented education are permanent and transcendent in nature.This paper suggests that with the help of new communication media,technology,modern methodology,and latest instructional materials,education brings about changes in the society during this COVID-19 situation.This paper also highlights that the NEP(1986)characterizes higher education as a crucial factor for survival,providing the Indian people with an opportunity to reflect on the critical,social,economic,cultural,moral and spiritual issues facing humanity.This paper further argues that higher education in this COVID-19 also is the main instrument for development and it is the time to change the ways and come forward for value orientation through universities and colleges by the government.It has the important task of preparing leaders for different walks of life-social,intellectual,political,cultural,scientific,and technological.

A Comparative Study of the Value Orientations of Foreign Language Education Policies in China and the United States in the 21st Century

Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of foreign language education poli-cies in Chinese Mainland and the United States in the 21 st century and finds that both China and the United States have regardedtheir national interests as the essential value orientation of their foreign language education policies. To be specific,the core valueorientation of foreign language education policies in China is to enhance its cultural soft power.In contrast,the core value orienta-tion of foreign language education policies in the United States is to safeguard its national security. Through the comparison of thedifferent value orientations of foreign language education policies of the two countries, the paper provides some reference for the for-eign language education policy-making in Chinese Mainland.

Chinese and Western Thinking Patterns and Value Orientation Based on Cross-Cultural Communication

In cross-cultural communication(CC),due to the different cultural backgrounds and values,there are great differences between Chinese and Western thinking patterns,which often lead to cultural conflicts.Cultural differences cover a wide range,and this paper analyzes the great influence of cultural differences on CC from the perspectives of thinking patterns and value orientation in daily life in China and the West,and intends to find out the reasons behind and come up with solutions.

Composition and Value Orientation of Urban Landscape

Based on the analysis of the urban landscape and its composition,main problems of urban landscape at the early stage of urbanization were summarized,including more attention to the technical content of urban landscape,valuing transformation but belittling protection,emphasizing uniformity,ignoring the diversity,lack of scientific planning,and neglecting the value orientation. It is expected that the construction of urban landscape may return to its aesthetic value,practical value,ecological value and other aspects of value orientation. It is believed that the urban landscape is both a type of perception and experience. It can not only maintain the cultural heritage and the evolution of civilization,but also maintain the integration of the biological and physical environment,play the role of diversification in the urban public open space,and undertake social functions such as ecological,disaster prevention,waterlogging,and water conservancy at the same time of protecting and lighting the environment.

The Value Orientation of Teaching Reform in the Era of Smart Education

Based on the influence of the era of smart education on education and teaching,this article discusses the humanistic,social,cultural,and practical rationality of teaching reform in the era of smart education from the development trend of the integration of teaching reforms and information technology.Grasping the theoretical basis of teaching reform under the background of the new era will play a proper guiding role in the practice of teaching reform.

Greenspace’s value orientations of ecosystem service and socioeconomic service in China

Background:Natural ecosystems provide necessary services for human beings,including ecosystem service values(ESVs)and socioeconomic service values(SSVs).The value orientations of ESVs and SSVs are mainly related to people’s interaction with nature.This study reclassified greenspace from a perspective of exposed and non-exposed greenspace based on the level of interaction by people and greenspace.We applied an expert questionnaire to survey the SSVs value orientations of forestland,grassland,wetland,and water bodies,and quantitatively compared the value orientations between the ESVs and SSVs of greenspace in China.Result:(1)The values of exposed greenspace were relatively far higher than nonexposed greenspace,as it had both ESVs and SSVs.(2)The forestland and grassland had relatively high ESVs and SSVs,and are the priority for both the exposed and non-exposed greenspace.(3)Wetland had relatively high ESVs but low SSVs,which was unpopular for exposed greenspace.(4)The ESVs and SSVs of water body were relatively balanced.Conclusion:Greenspace had both ESVs and SSVs when they are exposed to human.Our study provided an innovative perspective to explore the value orientations of greenspace,which provides an actionable scientific basis for greenspace planning,design and construction in human habitat.

Cause Analysis of Sociopragmatic Failure in Intercultural Communication

With the rapid development of science and globalization,communication between people is becoming more and more convenient and flexible.However,communication breakdown still occurs occasionally in the process of intercultural communication.Pragmatics failure is one of the main causes of the bias in intercultural communication.Based on the Jenny Thomas’theory,pragmatic failure is divided into pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure,the former is defined as the lack of pragmatic knowledge,while the latter affects more fundamentally the effect of intercultural communication as sociopragmatic failure is caused by the differences in cultural dimensions,ways of thinking,value orientation between speakers.By cognizing and understanding the main causes of pragmatic failures,intercultural speakers could avoid misunderstanding between different cultures and promote their intercultural communicative competence,in order to achieve an effective result of intercultural communication.

Values and Actions:An Exploratory Study of School Principals in the Mainland of China

This paper explores the relationship between leader values and actions in the Chinese context.The Chinese Value Instrument(CVI)and the Strategic Leadership Questionnaire(SLQ)were used as the primary data collection tools.The CVI was used to measure the presence of ten values:(1)social harmony,(2)benevolence and honesty,(3)initiative and innovation(challenge and creativity),(4)achievement and power,(5)zhongyong(practicality and modesty),(6)stability,(7)familial loyalty,(8)happiness,(9)renqing(sympathy)and guanxi(personal relationships),and(10)freedom and equity.The findings indicate that achievement and initiative were at the low end of the value continuum.Familial loyalty,social harmony,and benevolence were at the high end of the value continuum.The SLQ measured the managing,transforming,bonding,bridging,and bartering actions leaders use to mobilize and gain support from followers.The findings indicate that the Chinese school principal management prototype is formed around transforming and bonding actions.This prototype changes depending on role assignment and school type.A connection between leader values and actions was established with regard to the values of achievement and power,benevolence and honesty,and stability.

Classical state feedback controller for nonlinear systems using mean value theorem： closed Ioop-FOC of PMSM motor application

The problem of state feedback controllers for a class of Takagi-Sugeno （T-S） Lipschitz nonlinear systems is investigated. A simple systematic and useful synthesis method is proposed based on the use of the differential mean value theorem （DMVT） and convex theory. The proposed design approach is based on the mean value theorem （MVT） to express the nonlinear error dynamics as a convex combination of known matrices with time varying coefficients as linear parameter varying （LPV） systems. Using the Lyapunov theory, stability conditions are obtained and expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities （LMIs）. The controller gains are then obtained by solving linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of the proposed approach for closed loop-field oriented control （CL-FOC） of permanent magnet synchronous machine （PMSM） drives is demonstrated through an illustrative simulation for the proof of these approaches. Furthermore, an extension for controller design with parameter uncertainties and perturbation performance is discussed.

Winter wheat geometry identification by bidirectional canopy reflected spectrum

Effect of crop leaf angle on canopy reflected spectrum cannot be ignored in the inversion of leaf area index(LAI)and the monitoring of the crop growth condition using remote sensing technology.In this study,experiments on winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)were conducted to identify crop leaf angle distribution(LAD)by bidirectional canopy reflected spectrum.Canopy reflected spectrum has significant differences among erectophile,planophile and horizontal geometry varieties at essentially the same LAI value.Canopy reflectance value at near infrared of the erectophile variety was lower than that of the horizontal variety.The effects of LAI and crop LAD on canopy reflectance were studied among erectophile,planophile and horizontal LAD varieties.The Standard Deviation(STDEV)of canopy reflectance at the near infrared bands(800 nm and 1100 nm)was more significant than those of visible bands(450 nm,550 nm,680 nm).It indicates that near infrared bands could be used for different LAD wheat varieties identification.The method for identification of crop geometry parameters was by the bidirectional canopy reflectance at different wave bands and view angles.The bidirectional reflectance of visible and near infrared bands at 15°,30°and 45°field of view for the main viewing plane could be used for identification of erectophile,planophile and horizontal LAD varieties based on bidirectional data.For erectophile varieties,the bidirectional canopy reflectance at near infrared was f45°>f15°>f30°(f45°,f15°and f30°mean the canopy reflectance at 45°,15°,and 30°,respectively),in the visible band it was f45°>f15°≈f30°.For planophile varieties,the bidirectional canopy reflectance in the near infrared and visible band was f15°>f45°>f30°.For horizontal varieties,the bidirectional canopy reflectance in the near infrared and visible band was f45°>f30°>f15°.So,it is feasible to identify erectophile,planophile and horizontal varieties of wheat by bidirectional canopy reflected spectrum.