The explicit representations for tensorial Fourier expansion of 3_D crystal orientation distribution functions (CODFs) are established. In comparison with that the coefficients in the mth term of the Fourier expansion...The explicit representations for tensorial Fourier expansion of 3_D crystal orientation distribution functions (CODFs) are established. In comparison with that the coefficients in the mth term of the Fourier expansion of a 3_D ODF make up just a single irreducible mth_order tensor, the coefficients in the mth term of the Fourier expansion of a 3_D CODF constitute generally so many as 2m+1 irreducible mth_order tensors. Therefore, the restricted forms of tensorial Fourier expansions of 3_D CODFs imposed by various micro_ and macro_scopic symmetries are further established, and it is shown that in most cases of symmetry the restricted forms of tensorial Fourier expansions of 3_D CODFs contain remarkably reduced numbers of mth_order irreducible tensors than the number 2m+1 . These results are based on the restricted forms of irreducible tensors imposed by various point_group symmetries, which are also thoroughly investigated in the present part in both 2_ and 3_D spaces.展开更多
In this two_part paper, a thorough investigation is made on Fourier expansions with irreducible tensorial coefficients for orientation distribution functions (ODFs) and crystal orientation distribution functions (CODF...In this two_part paper, a thorough investigation is made on Fourier expansions with irreducible tensorial coefficients for orientation distribution functions (ODFs) and crystal orientation distribution functions (CODFs), which are scalar functions defined on the unit sphere and the rotation group, respectively. Recently it has been becoming clearer and clearer that concepts of ODF and CODF play a dominant role in various micromechanically_based approaches to mechanical and physical properties of heterogeneous materials. The theory of group representations shows that a square integrable ODF can be expanded as an absolutely convergent Fourier series of spherical harmonics and these spherical harmonics can further be expressed in terms of irreducible tensors. The fundamental importance of such irreducible tensorial coefficients is that they characterize the macroscopic or overall effect of the orientation distribution of the size, shape, phase, position of the material constitutions and defects. In Part (Ⅰ), the investigation about the irreducible tensorial Fourier expansions of ODFs defined on the N_dimensional (N_D) unit sphere is carried out. Attention is particularly paid to constructing simple expressions for 2_ and 3_D irreducible tensors of any orders in accordance with the convenience of arriving at their restricted forms imposed by various point_group (the synonym of subgroup of the full orthogonal group) symmetries. In the continued work -Part (Ⅱ), the explicit expression for the irreducible tensorial expansions of CODFs is established. The restricted forms of irreducible tensors and irreducible tensorial Fourier expansions of ODFs and CODFs imposed by various point_group symmetries are derived.展开更多
The orientation distribution function of cylindrical particle suspensions was deduced and numerically simulated, and an application was taken in a wedge-shaped flow field. The relationship between the orientation dist...The orientation distribution function of cylindrical particle suspensions was deduced and numerically simulated, and an application was taken in a wedge-shaped flow field. The relationship between the orientation distribution function and particle orientation angles was obtained. The results show that comparing with the most probable angle distribution which comes to being in short time, the distribution of the steady state doesn't vary much. in range; the main difference is the anti-clockwise rotation in the right and upper field, that is, particles rotate more at the points where the velocity gradients are larger. The most probable orientations are close to the direction of local streamlines. In the direction of streamlines, with poleradius decreasing, the most probable angles increase, but the angles between their orientations and the local streamlines decrease.展开更多
We theoretically study the dependence of photoelectron angular distribution on laser polarization direction in nitrogen molecules. The approach is based on the time-dependent density functional theory at the level of ...We theoretically study the dependence of photoelectron angular distribution on laser polarization direction in nitrogen molecules. The approach is based on the time-dependent density functional theory at the level of local density approximation complemented by self-interaction correction. It is found that photoelectron emission in one photon regime could be considered as a probing tool for the main character of different types of molecular orbitals (σ or π). The pattern of emitted photoelectrons strongly depends on the polarized angle of the laser, for σ orbital, the number of photoelectron decreases with increasing the polarized angle, while for π orbital, it has the inverse relation to the polarized angle, which reveals the multi-electron effect in molecules. On the other hand, concerning the total photoelectron emission, one should take into account a few occupied orbitals instead of only the outmost one.展开更多
For reducing the core loss of grain oriented silicon steel and improving its aging property, a new method, the LLSA by using Sb as the laser surface alloying element, was investigated, and at proper technique conditio...For reducing the core loss of grain oriented silicon steel and improving its aging property, a new method, the LLSA by using Sb as the laser surface alloying element, was investigated, and at proper technique conditions rather good result was obtained.展开更多
The recrystallization texture in commercially pure Al is investigated after the samples are rolled differently and annealed.The samples with low rol- ling reductions could be generally recovered or recrystallized in s...The recrystallization texture in commercially pure Al is investigated after the samples are rolled differently and annealed.The samples with low rol- ling reductions could be generally recovered or recrystallized in situ and characterized by the re- tained G{110}<001>component.This recovery process decreases during annealing with the increase of reduction.The appearance of the B/R{359}. <132>and R{123}<634>components de- pending on the rolling reduction is investigated and the less developed Cube{100}<001>component in commercially pure ahninium is also discussed.展开更多
The formulae of the relationships between Euler angles and texture are important for the orientation distribution functions of research materials.At present,it is found that the formulae for the orthogonal and hexagon...The formulae of the relationships between Euler angles and texture are important for the orientation distribution functions of research materials.At present,it is found that the formulae for the orthogonal and hexagonal crystal structure proposed by Roe and Bunge are not in accord with the normal direction(ND)being perpendicular to the rolling direction(RD).In this paper,these formulae are deduced independently according to the notations proposed by Roe and Bunge.The results show that in addition to the coincidence with the formulae for the cubic crystal structure given by the Roe and Bunge,the other formulae are different from Roe’s and Bunge’s.The new formulae are in accord with ND,RD,and transverse direction(TD)at right angles.展开更多
70-30 brass is rolled with 90% reduction by cross shear rolling in single direction with speed ra- tio 1.39.The sheet is divided into five layers along rolling plane normal to measure macroscopic statis- tical unsymme...70-30 brass is rolled with 90% reduction by cross shear rolling in single direction with speed ra- tio 1.39.The sheet is divided into five layers along rolling plane normal to measure macroscopic statis- tical unsymmetric textures in every layer are des- cribed and analysed by means of three dimensional orientation distribution function.The results indi- cate that the main textures in every layer of brass rolled by cross shear rolling in single direction are the same as the main textures of brass rolled by conventional rolling.But the intensities,peak posi- tions and scatters of every texture component in {110}<112>are different,namely,there is a macroscopic statistical unsymmetry.It is found that the textures in every layer of brass rolled by cross shear rolling in single direction can be considered as the textures of brass rolled by common rolling in single direction at identical shear forces,the macroscopic statistical unsymmetry depends on the shear forces which are exerted on the layer.展开更多
Using elastic crystalline viscoplastic finite element (FE) annlysis, the formability of BCC steel sheets was assessed. An orientation probability assignment method in the FE modeling procedure, which can be categorize...Using elastic crystalline viscoplastic finite element (FE) annlysis, the formability of BCC steel sheets was assessed. An orientation probability assignment method in the FE modeling procedure, which can be categorized as an inhomogenized material modeling, was newly proposed. In the study, the crystal orientations of three materials, mild steel, dual phase steel and the high strength steel, were obtained by Xray diffraction and orientation distribution function (ODF) analyses. The measured ODF results have revealed clearly different textures in the sheets, featured by orientation fibers, skeleton lines and selected orientations in Euler angle space, which are closely related to the plastic anisotropy. Then, the crystal orientations were assigned to FE integration points by using this ODF data, individually. The FE analyses of the standard limiting dome height (LDH) test show how the fiber textures affect the extent of strain localization in the forming processes. It was confirmed by comparison with experimental results that this FE code could predict the extreme strain localization and assess the sheet formability.展开更多
Some physical properties of crystals differ in direction n because crystal lattices are often anisotropic. A polycrystal is an aggregate of numerous tiny crystallites. Unless the polycrystal is an isotropic aggregate ...Some physical properties of crystals differ in direction n because crystal lattices are often anisotropic. A polycrystal is an aggregate of numerous tiny crystallites. Unless the polycrystal is an isotropic aggregate of crystallites, the physical properties of the polycrystal vary with n. The direction-dependent functions (DDF) for crystals and polycrystals are introduced to describe the variations of the physical properties in direction n. Until now there are few papers dealing systematically with relations between the DDF and the crystalline orientation distribution. Herein we give general expressions of the DDF for crystals and polycrystals. We discuss the applications of the DDF in describing the physical properties of crystals and polycrystals.展开更多
The phenomenon of earing is investigated in the present studybased on the theory of crystal plasticity with the dynamic explicityfinite element program developed. Firstly texture analysis is carriedout of rolled alumi...The phenomenon of earing is investigated in the present studybased on the theory of crystal plasticity with the dynamic explicityfinite element program developed. Firstly texture analysis is carriedout of rolled aluminum alloy A15052 by means of X-ray technique. Thenfrom the texture coefficients an analytical expression for theorientation distribution function (ODF) is derived making use of thecomputer algebraic language Mathematica4.0, which makes it easier todiscretize the ODF into a series of Eulerian angles repre- sentingthe distribution of lattices and further the preferred orientation(texture) of crystals of the original she- ets.展开更多
The lattice Boltzmann method was used to investigate numerically the fiber orientation distributions in slit channel flows with abrupt expansion for fiber suspensions even in the concentrated regime. The channels have...The lattice Boltzmann method was used to investigate numerically the fiber orientation distributions in slit channel flows with abrupt expansion for fiber suspensions even in the concentrated regime. The channels have a thin slit geometry with 1:4 and 1:3 expansions. Both the interactions between fibers and that between fibers and channel walls were taken into consideration. Some of numerical results are qualitatively in agreement with the experiment data. It is found that most of fibers are aligned in the flow direction in all the suspensions in the entrance region of the expansion. Fiber orientation distributions, having different patterns in different regions of the flow, depend on the expansion ratio of the channel. The mechanical fiber-fiber interaction largely affects the fiber orientation in the downstream of the expansion and in the salient corner for the cases of concentrated suspensions. The hydrodynamic interaction plays an important role on the fiber orientation in the dilute suspension.展开更多
Engineered cementitious composites(ECC),also known as bendable concrete,were developed based on engineering the interactions between fibers and cementitious matrix.The orientation of fibers,in this regard,is one of th...Engineered cementitious composites(ECC),also known as bendable concrete,were developed based on engineering the interactions between fibers and cementitious matrix.The orientation of fibers,in this regard,is one of the major factors influencing the ductile behavior of this material.In this study,fiber orientation distributions in ECC beams influenced by different casting techniques are evaluated via numerical modeling of the casting process.Two casting directions and two casting positions of the funnel outlet with beam specimens are modeled using a particle-based smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method.In this SPH approach,fresh mortar and fiber are discretized by separated mortar and fiber particles,which smoothly interact in the computational domain of SPH.The movement of fiber particles is monitored during the casting simulation.Then,the fiber orientations at different sections of specimens are determined after the fresh ECC stops flowing in the formwork.The simulation results show a significant impact of the casting direction on fiber orientation distributions along the longitudinal wall of beams,which eventually influence the flexural strength of beams.In addition,casting positions show negligible influences on the orientation distribution of fibers in the short ECC beam,except under the pouring position.展开更多
Single nanoparticle tracking(SPT)is a unique and powerful tool to investigate the interaction between nanoparticles and cells,which is of considerable importance for nanotechnology applications in biomedical fields an...Single nanoparticle tracking(SPT)is a unique and powerful tool to investigate the interaction between nanoparticles and cells,which is of considerable importance for nanotechnology applications in biomedical fields and in-depth understanding of biological activities.However,previous work typically focused on translations of single nanoparticles while they undergo both translational and rotational motions.In this study,we obtained both the translational and rotational dynamics of single gold nanorods during their cellular internalization process using dual-channel polarization microscopy.In particular,the azimuth and polar angles were integrated into a polar coordinate systemto obtain three general orientation distribution patterns,found to have a close relationship with the nanoparticle cellular internalization process and time-dependent alterations.Moreover,the patterns accompanied by trajectories,translational and rotational coefficients,the azimuth and polar angles,and other parameters provided a wealth of knowledge on the nanoparticle cellular internalization dynamics with unprecedented details.We observed that the gold nanorods could initially assume a tip-first quick rotation state with partially restricted orientations,then change to a strongly confined near-vertical insertion state with slight angular fluctuations,and eventually transform into a random and fast rotation state.Our methodology opens up a new avenue for a detailed understanding of biological processes.展开更多
The Doi-Hess equation that describes the evolution of an orientational dis-tribution function is capable of predicting several rheological features of nematic poly-mers.Since the orientational distribution function be...The Doi-Hess equation that describes the evolution of an orientational dis-tribution function is capable of predicting several rheological features of nematic poly-mers.Since the orientational distribution function becomes sharply peaked as poten-tial intensity increases,powerful numerical methods become necessary in the relevant numerical simulations.In this paper,a numerical scheme based on the moving grid techniques will be designed to solve the orientational distribution functions with high potential intensities.Numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effec-tiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme.展开更多
The microstructures and textures of four rectangular extruded Mg alloys, Mg-3Gd, Mg-3Nd, Mg-1Gd-1Nd and Mg-1.5Gd-1.5Nd(all in wt%) were investigated by using optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and el...The microstructures and textures of four rectangular extruded Mg alloys, Mg-3Gd, Mg-3Nd, Mg-1Gd-1Nd and Mg-1.5Gd-1.5Nd(all in wt%) were investigated by using optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD). The results demonstrate that the extruded alloys all reveal fully recrystallized microstructure and weak non-basal texture.For textures of the four extruded alloys, it is shown that the basal planes of majority grains tilt away from the sheet plane normal toward the extrusion direction. Compared with two binary alloys, the ternary alloys possess weaker texture strengths. Through orientation distribution function analysis, two types of rare earth textures, {0113} 〈0223〉and {1215} 〈1213〉, were found in the extruded alloys.Texture component {1215} 〈1213〉 is relatively weak, but it plays a critical role in the low texture intensities of two ternary alloys. A pairing effect of Gd and Nd elements has an influence on the texture modification. Additionally,there is a difference in the sensitivities of experimental parameters between the microstructure and texture.展开更多
Fiber suspensions flow through a tube containing a sphere in the dilute and concentrated regimes is simulated numerically with the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The numerical results of fiber orientation distribut...Fiber suspensions flow through a tube containing a sphere in the dilute and concentrated regimes is simulated numerically with the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The numerical results of fiber orientation distribution based on a statistical scheme are obtained and agree qualitatively with the experimental ones for the flow through a parallel plate channel comaining a cylinder. The results show that the sphere in the tube results in a change in the fiber orientation distribution downstream of the sphere along the flow and transverse directions. The influences of the sphere on the fiber orientation distribution are more significant for the concentrated suspensions than for the dilute one. The effect of the initial fiber orientations on the fiber orientation distribution is significant upstream of the sphere but small downstream of the sphere.展开更多
Some models dealing with fibers and liquid crystals can be formulated probabilistically in terms of orientation distributions. Since the orientation of a thin object can be specified by a point in a real projective pl...Some models dealing with fibers and liquid crystals can be formulated probabilistically in terms of orientation distributions. Since the orientation of a thin object can be specified by a point in a real projective plane this approach leads to elliptic and parabolic problems in the real projective plane. In most previous works these kind of problems have been considered on the unit sphere which is a double cover of the real projective plane. However, numerically this is inefficient because the resulting systems of equations are unnecessarily big. We formulate the problem directly in the real projective plane using a certain parametrization with three coordinate domains. After reducing the computations to the coordinate domains we can then use finite elements almost in a standard way. In particular the standard error estimates with usual Sobolev spaces remain valid in this setting. We consider both elliptic and parabolic cases, and demonstrate the validity of our approach.展开更多
文摘The explicit representations for tensorial Fourier expansion of 3_D crystal orientation distribution functions (CODFs) are established. In comparison with that the coefficients in the mth term of the Fourier expansion of a 3_D ODF make up just a single irreducible mth_order tensor, the coefficients in the mth term of the Fourier expansion of a 3_D CODF constitute generally so many as 2m+1 irreducible mth_order tensors. Therefore, the restricted forms of tensorial Fourier expansions of 3_D CODFs imposed by various micro_ and macro_scopic symmetries are further established, and it is shown that in most cases of symmetry the restricted forms of tensorial Fourier expansions of 3_D CODFs contain remarkably reduced numbers of mth_order irreducible tensors than the number 2m+1 . These results are based on the restricted forms of irreducible tensors imposed by various point_group symmetries, which are also thoroughly investigated in the present part in both 2_ and 3_D spaces.
文摘In this two_part paper, a thorough investigation is made on Fourier expansions with irreducible tensorial coefficients for orientation distribution functions (ODFs) and crystal orientation distribution functions (CODFs), which are scalar functions defined on the unit sphere and the rotation group, respectively. Recently it has been becoming clearer and clearer that concepts of ODF and CODF play a dominant role in various micromechanically_based approaches to mechanical and physical properties of heterogeneous materials. The theory of group representations shows that a square integrable ODF can be expanded as an absolutely convergent Fourier series of spherical harmonics and these spherical harmonics can further be expressed in terms of irreducible tensors. The fundamental importance of such irreducible tensorial coefficients is that they characterize the macroscopic or overall effect of the orientation distribution of the size, shape, phase, position of the material constitutions and defects. In Part (Ⅰ), the investigation about the irreducible tensorial Fourier expansions of ODFs defined on the N_dimensional (N_D) unit sphere is carried out. Attention is particularly paid to constructing simple expressions for 2_ and 3_D irreducible tensors of any orders in accordance with the convenience of arriving at their restricted forms imposed by various point_group (the synonym of subgroup of the full orthogonal group) symmetries. In the continued work -Part (Ⅱ), the explicit expression for the irreducible tensorial expansions of CODFs is established. The restricted forms of irreducible tensors and irreducible tensorial Fourier expansions of ODFs and CODFs imposed by various point_group symmetries are derived.
文摘The orientation distribution function of cylindrical particle suspensions was deduced and numerically simulated, and an application was taken in a wedge-shaped flow field. The relationship between the orientation distribution function and particle orientation angles was obtained. The results show that comparing with the most probable angle distribution which comes to being in short time, the distribution of the steady state doesn't vary much. in range; the main difference is the anti-clockwise rotation in the right and upper field, that is, particles rotate more at the points where the velocity gradients are larger. The most probable orientations are close to the direction of local streamlines. In the direction of streamlines, with poleradius decreasing, the most probable angles increase, but the angles between their orientations and the local streamlines decrease.
文摘We theoretically study the dependence of photoelectron angular distribution on laser polarization direction in nitrogen molecules. The approach is based on the time-dependent density functional theory at the level of local density approximation complemented by self-interaction correction. It is found that photoelectron emission in one photon regime could be considered as a probing tool for the main character of different types of molecular orbitals (σ or π). The pattern of emitted photoelectrons strongly depends on the polarized angle of the laser, for σ orbital, the number of photoelectron decreases with increasing the polarized angle, while for π orbital, it has the inverse relation to the polarized angle, which reveals the multi-electron effect in molecules. On the other hand, concerning the total photoelectron emission, one should take into account a few occupied orbitals instead of only the outmost one.
基金National Natural Science FOundation of China! (No. 59974010).
文摘For reducing the core loss of grain oriented silicon steel and improving its aging property, a new method, the LLSA by using Sb as the laser surface alloying element, was investigated, and at proper technique conditions rather good result was obtained.
文摘The recrystallization texture in commercially pure Al is investigated after the samples are rolled differently and annealed.The samples with low rol- ling reductions could be generally recovered or recrystallized in situ and characterized by the re- tained G{110}<001>component.This recovery process decreases during annealing with the increase of reduction.The appearance of the B/R{359}. <132>and R{123}<634>components de- pending on the rolling reduction is investigated and the less developed Cube{100}<001>component in commercially pure ahninium is also discussed.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51962017)。
文摘The formulae of the relationships between Euler angles and texture are important for the orientation distribution functions of research materials.At present,it is found that the formulae for the orthogonal and hexagonal crystal structure proposed by Roe and Bunge are not in accord with the normal direction(ND)being perpendicular to the rolling direction(RD).In this paper,these formulae are deduced independently according to the notations proposed by Roe and Bunge.The results show that in addition to the coincidence with the formulae for the cubic crystal structure given by the Roe and Bunge,the other formulae are different from Roe’s and Bunge’s.The new formulae are in accord with ND,RD,and transverse direction(TD)at right angles.
文摘70-30 brass is rolled with 90% reduction by cross shear rolling in single direction with speed ra- tio 1.39.The sheet is divided into five layers along rolling plane normal to measure macroscopic statis- tical unsymmetric textures in every layer are des- cribed and analysed by means of three dimensional orientation distribution function.The results indi- cate that the main textures in every layer of brass rolled by cross shear rolling in single direction are the same as the main textures of brass rolled by conventional rolling.But the intensities,peak posi- tions and scatters of every texture component in {110}<112>are different,namely,there is a macroscopic statistical unsymmetry.It is found that the textures in every layer of brass rolled by cross shear rolling in single direction can be considered as the textures of brass rolled by common rolling in single direction at identical shear forces,the macroscopic statistical unsymmetry depends on the shear forces which are exerted on the layer.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support(Grant No.59875025) to the research cooperation with OIT,Japan
文摘Using elastic crystalline viscoplastic finite element (FE) annlysis, the formability of BCC steel sheets was assessed. An orientation probability assignment method in the FE modeling procedure, which can be categorized as an inhomogenized material modeling, was newly proposed. In the study, the crystal orientations of three materials, mild steel, dual phase steel and the high strength steel, were obtained by Xray diffraction and orientation distribution function (ODF) analyses. The measured ODF results have revealed clearly different textures in the sheets, featured by orientation fibers, skeleton lines and selected orientations in Euler angle space, which are closely related to the plastic anisotropy. Then, the crystal orientations were assigned to FE integration points by using this ODF data, individually. The FE analyses of the standard limiting dome height (LDH) test show how the fiber textures affect the extent of strain localization in the forming processes. It was confirmed by comparison with experimental results that this FE code could predict the extreme strain localization and assess the sheet formability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10562004, 10662004)the Jiangxi Project to Nurture Academic and Technical Leaders in Targeted Areas+1 种基金the Research Fund for the Docotoral Program of Higher Education (20070403003)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi of China (2008GZW0005).
文摘Some physical properties of crystals differ in direction n because crystal lattices are often anisotropic. A polycrystal is an aggregate of numerous tiny crystallites. Unless the polycrystal is an isotropic aggregate of crystallites, the physical properties of the polycrystal vary with n. The direction-dependent functions (DDF) for crystals and polycrystals are introduced to describe the variations of the physical properties in direction n. Until now there are few papers dealing systematically with relations between the DDF and the crystalline orientation distribution. Herein we give general expressions of the DDF for crystals and polycrystals. We discuss the applications of the DDF in describing the physical properties of crystals and polycrystals.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.59875025)
文摘The phenomenon of earing is investigated in the present studybased on the theory of crystal plasticity with the dynamic explicityfinite element program developed. Firstly texture analysis is carriedout of rolled aluminum alloy A15052 by means of X-ray technique. Thenfrom the texture coefficients an analytical expression for theorientation distribution function (ODF) is derived making use of thecomputer algebraic language Mathematica4.0, which makes it easier todiscretize the ODF into a series of Eulerian angles repre- sentingthe distribution of lattices and further the preferred orientation(texture) of crystals of the original she- ets.
基金Project supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10632070).
文摘The lattice Boltzmann method was used to investigate numerically the fiber orientation distributions in slit channel flows with abrupt expansion for fiber suspensions even in the concentrated regime. The channels have a thin slit geometry with 1:4 and 1:3 expansions. Both the interactions between fibers and that between fibers and channel walls were taken into consideration. Some of numerical results are qualitatively in agreement with the experiment data. It is found that most of fibers are aligned in the flow direction in all the suspensions in the entrance region of the expansion. Fiber orientation distributions, having different patterns in different regions of the flow, depend on the expansion ratio of the channel. The mechanical fiber-fiber interaction largely affects the fiber orientation in the downstream of the expansion and in the salient corner for the cases of concentrated suspensions. The hydrodynamic interaction plays an important role on the fiber orientation in the dilute suspension.
基金This work belongs to the project No.T2021-97TD in 2021 funded by Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education,Vietnam.
文摘Engineered cementitious composites(ECC),also known as bendable concrete,were developed based on engineering the interactions between fibers and cementitious matrix.The orientation of fibers,in this regard,is one of the major factors influencing the ductile behavior of this material.In this study,fiber orientation distributions in ECC beams influenced by different casting techniques are evaluated via numerical modeling of the casting process.Two casting directions and two casting positions of the funnel outlet with beam specimens are modeled using a particle-based smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method.In this SPH approach,fresh mortar and fiber are discretized by separated mortar and fiber particles,which smoothly interact in the computational domain of SPH.The movement of fiber particles is monitored during the casting simulation.Then,the fiber orientations at different sections of specimens are determined after the fresh ECC stops flowing in the formwork.The simulation results show a significant impact of the casting direction on fiber orientation distributions along the longitudinal wall of beams,which eventually influence the flexural strength of beams.In addition,casting positions show negligible influences on the orientation distribution of fibers in the short ECC beam,except under the pouring position.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.21127009,21221003,and 21425519)the Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha(grant no.kq1905061)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(grant no.020RC3042).
文摘Single nanoparticle tracking(SPT)is a unique and powerful tool to investigate the interaction between nanoparticles and cells,which is of considerable importance for nanotechnology applications in biomedical fields and in-depth understanding of biological activities.However,previous work typically focused on translations of single nanoparticles while they undergo both translational and rotational motions.In this study,we obtained both the translational and rotational dynamics of single gold nanorods during their cellular internalization process using dual-channel polarization microscopy.In particular,the azimuth and polar angles were integrated into a polar coordinate systemto obtain three general orientation distribution patterns,found to have a close relationship with the nanoparticle cellular internalization process and time-dependent alterations.Moreover,the patterns accompanied by trajectories,translational and rotational coefficients,the azimuth and polar angles,and other parameters provided a wealth of knowledge on the nanoparticle cellular internalization dynamics with unprecedented details.We observed that the gold nanorods could initially assume a tip-first quick rotation state with partially restricted orientations,then change to a strongly confined near-vertical insertion state with slight angular fluctuations,and eventually transform into a random and fast rotation state.Our methodology opens up a new avenue for a detailed understanding of biological processes.
基金special funds for Major State Research Projects 2005CB1704National Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars 10225103.
文摘The Doi-Hess equation that describes the evolution of an orientational dis-tribution function is capable of predicting several rheological features of nematic poly-mers.Since the orientational distribution function becomes sharply peaked as poten-tial intensity increases,powerful numerical methods become necessary in the relevant numerical simulations.In this paper,a numerical scheme based on the moving grid techniques will be designed to solve the orientational distribution functions with high potential intensities.Numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effec-tiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Youths (No. BK20130519)Foundation of Jiangsu University (No. 12JDG094)
文摘The microstructures and textures of four rectangular extruded Mg alloys, Mg-3Gd, Mg-3Nd, Mg-1Gd-1Nd and Mg-1.5Gd-1.5Nd(all in wt%) were investigated by using optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD). The results demonstrate that the extruded alloys all reveal fully recrystallized microstructure and weak non-basal texture.For textures of the four extruded alloys, it is shown that the basal planes of majority grains tilt away from the sheet plane normal toward the extrusion direction. Compared with two binary alloys, the ternary alloys possess weaker texture strengths. Through orientation distribution function analysis, two types of rare earth textures, {0113} 〈0223〉and {1215} 〈1213〉, were found in the extruded alloys.Texture component {1215} 〈1213〉 is relatively weak, but it plays a critical role in the low texture intensities of two ternary alloys. A pairing effect of Gd and Nd elements has an influence on the texture modification. Additionally,there is a difference in the sensitivities of experimental parameters between the microstructure and texture.
基金supported by the Doctoral Program of Higher Education in China(Grant No.20120101110121)
文摘Fiber suspensions flow through a tube containing a sphere in the dilute and concentrated regimes is simulated numerically with the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The numerical results of fiber orientation distribution based on a statistical scheme are obtained and agree qualitatively with the experimental ones for the flow through a parallel plate channel comaining a cylinder. The results show that the sphere in the tube results in a change in the fiber orientation distribution downstream of the sphere along the flow and transverse directions. The influences of the sphere on the fiber orientation distribution are more significant for the concentrated suspensions than for the dilute one. The effect of the initial fiber orientations on the fiber orientation distribution is significant upstream of the sphere but small downstream of the sphere.
文摘Some models dealing with fibers and liquid crystals can be formulated probabilistically in terms of orientation distributions. Since the orientation of a thin object can be specified by a point in a real projective plane this approach leads to elliptic and parabolic problems in the real projective plane. In most previous works these kind of problems have been considered on the unit sphere which is a double cover of the real projective plane. However, numerically this is inefficient because the resulting systems of equations are unnecessarily big. We formulate the problem directly in the real projective plane using a certain parametrization with three coordinate domains. After reducing the computations to the coordinate domains we can then use finite elements almost in a standard way. In particular the standard error estimates with usual Sobolev spaces remain valid in this setting. We consider both elliptic and parabolic cases, and demonstrate the validity of our approach.