Development and application of magnesium alloy parts for automotive OEMs:A review

China is currently vigorously implementing the“energy conservation and emission reduction”and“dual carbon”strategies.As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China,Magnesium(Mg)alloy is progressively expanding its application in automobile,rail transportation,aerospace,medical,and electronic products.Chongqing University,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and Australian National University have conducted extensive research on the preparation,properties,and processes of Mg alloys.In the past 20 years,the proportion of Mg alloy in the automotive industry has gradually expanded,whereas currently the design and development of Mg alloy parts for automobiles has rarely been reported.Thus,the application models and typical parts cases of Mg alloy are summarized mainly from the four systems of the whole vehicle(body system,chassis system,powertrain system,interior,and exterior system).Subsequently,two actual original equipment manufacturers(OEM)cases are used to introduce the development logic of reliable die-cast Mg alloy,including forward design,formability analysis,process design analysis,structural redesign,manufacturing,and testing,aiming to share the methods,processes,and focus of attention of automotive OEMs for developing Mg alloy parts to enhance the confidence and motivation of applying Mg alloy in automotive field.Eventually,the multiple challenges faced by Mg alloy materials are sorted out and how to face these challenges are discussed.National policies and regulations,environmental protection and energy saving,and consumer demand will continue to promote the application of Mg.

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Standardization——Origin and development of TCM

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the medical science based on theories and practicing experience of traditional Chinese medicine to study transferring principles of health and sickness,as well as prevention, diagnosis,treatment,rehabilitation and healthcare.TCM is marked with its long history of development,integrated theory system and abundant practicing experience.

Distribution,Origin and Development Status of Underground Brine Resource along the Coast of Laizhou Bay,Shandong Province

The underground brine resource along the coast of Laizhou Bay is the world’s rare shallow underground brine resource,which occurs in the Laizhou city in the east,and extends to the coastal area of the Binzhou city in

Nomenclature Origin and Development of Bi Syndrome Prescriptions

More than 40 medical history and classical medical literature on the nomenclature of Bi syndrome were systematically arranged,induced and analyzed,the prescriptions named after the medicine include RHIZOMA ET RADIX NOTOPTERYGII,os tigris,RADIX ASTRAGALI,RADIX SAPOSHNIKOVIAE,Prepared common monkshood daughter root,doubleteeth pubescent angelica root,RADIX ANGELICAE SINENSIS,frankincense,RADIX STEPHANIAE TETRANDRAE,RADIX ACHYRANTHIS BIDENTATAE,myrrh,RADIX ACONITI、RADIX DIPSACI,RHIZOMA GASTRODIAE,ginseng root,HERBA DENDROBII,CORNU SAIGAE TATARICAE,RADIX MORINDAE OFFICINALIS,PORIA,SEMEN COICIS,poison yam,and so on.It basically reflected the ancient and modern treatment of Bi syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine named after the formula.

Human embryonic stem cells as an in vitro model for studying developmental origins of type 2 diabetes

The developmental origins of health and diseases(DOHaD)is a concept stating that adverse intrauterine environments contribute to the health risks of offspring.Since the theory emerged more than 30 years ago,many epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed that in utero exposure to environmental insults,including hyperglycemia and chemicals,increased the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases(NCDs).These NCDs include metabolic syndrome,type 2 diabetes,and complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy.Studying the effects of different environmental insults on early embryo development would aid in understanding the underlying mechanisms by which these insults promote NCD development.Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)have also been utilized by researchers to study the DOHaD.ESCs have pluripotent characteristics and can be differentiated into almost every cell lineage;therefore,they are excellent in vitro models for studying early developmental events.More importantly,human ESCs(hESCs)are the best alternative to human embryos for research because of ethical concerns.In this review,we will discuss different maternal conditions associated with DOHaD,focusing on the complications of maternal diabetes.Next,we will review the differentiation protocols developed to generate different cell lineages from hESCs.Additionally,we will review how hESCs are utilized as a model for research into the DOHaD.The effects of environmental insults on hESC differentiation and the possible involvement of epigenetic regulation will be discussed.

Legal Origin, Endowment and Financial Development

Since the rise of the economic and financial development theory, around economic and financial development of the determinants and what financial arrangements for promoting economic growth and other issues, thus resulted in a variety of important theoretical debate. This paper will Define what is meant by key terms such as legal tradition and endowment, explain the channels through which legal tradition and endowment affect financial development through talking about the relationship between legal origin, initial in endowment and financial development. By comparing different legal traditions or the"Origins"between the The Continental Law System and Common Law System, a comprehensive analysis of the effects of different origin of law on the financial and economic development.

Study on the Rights to Subsistence and Development with Reference to the Origin of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

I.The History of the Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:the Position and Role of the UN Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly of the United Nations should not be Ignored The reason for me to use the term "source"in the discussion on the right to subsistence

Tectonic development of subtle faults and exploration in mature areas in Bohai Sea,East China

Based on the theory of structural analysis,the characteristics and structural patterns of subtle faults are studied using 3D seismic data of the Bohai Sea to analyze the development process and origin of the subtle faults.A method of identifying subtle faults is proposed,forming a complete system for analyzing origins of subtle faults in the Bohai Sea.The complex strike-slip fault patterns under the strike-slip and extension stress background,diverse formation rocks,and strong neotectonic movement are the reasons for the development of subtle faults.According to the tectonic origin and development location,the subtle faults in Bohai Sea can be divided into 12 types in the three categories of strike slip dominant,extension dominant and strike slip and extension composite,and the different types of subtle faults occur in different regions of the Bohai Sea.Unreasonable variation of sedimentary stratum thickness,inherited distortion or even abrupt change of stratum occurrence,zonation of plane fault combination and the variation of oil-water system in the same structure with no-lithologic change are the important signs for identifying subtle faults in Bohai Sea.The subtle faults greatly enlarge the size of the structural trap groups,and areas with dense subtle faults are often active area of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation and favorable exploration zones,which have strong control on the hydrocarbon accumulation.The identification method for subtle faults has guided the exploration in the mature areas of Bohai Sea effectively,with a number of large and medium oil and gas fields discovered,such as Bozhong 29-6 and Penglai 20-2.

The Formation Background and Scientific Connotation of the Concept of Shared Development

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Party Central Committee with President Xi Jinping has put forward a new development concept of innovation,coordination,green,openness,and sharing based on profound insight into the basic characteristics of the new development stage.The party scientific grasps the essential requirements and development direction of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and continuously deepens understanding of the laws of economic and social development.Starting from three aspects of the times background,theoretical origin,and scientific connotation,the party aims to deeply understand the specific content and profound implication of the shared development concept in the new era.

A Summary about the Formation and Development of"Alcohol Injury"Theory

The number of people who are sickened by alcohol is rising every year in China,and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has a long history and remarkable therapeutic effect on the treatment of"Alcohol Injury"diseases.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the theory of"Alcohol Injury".This paper expounds the historical origin,treatment prescription and related diseases of the theory of"Alcohol Injury".

伟大建党精神的逻辑、内涵与路径探究

党的精神之源即伟大建党精神,和中国共产党相伴相生,以信念信仰、宗旨目标、斗争精神、政治立场四个内涵建构内在机理,以历史、文化、理论、实践四个维度反映发展逻辑,以精神形态的方式构筑了党的精神谱系。新时代弘扬伟大建党精神既要突出内涵聚焦又要凸显外延拓展。内涵聚焦就是要从伟大建党精神内在逻辑和核心内容出发,在实践中挖掘其精神伟力;外延拓展就是要把弘扬伟大建党精神的路径与拓展民族精神内涵、勠力于“四个伟大”的奋斗实践结合起来,以党的精神为引领,为民族复兴、国家振兴和党的自我完善和发展提供永不枯竭的精神动力。

梅山巫傩面具的起源、形成、发展与传承现状

梅山巫傩面具有其独特的艺术风格和民俗内涵,是研究梅山文化的“活化石”。文章阐述了梅山巫傩面具的起源、形成、发展和传承现状,探讨了梅山巫傩面具与梅山地理环境、地域文化、生存状态及中原文化的关系。论证说明了在梅山地域独特的地理环境和地域文化氛围下孕育了梅山地域独有的古朴粗犷而又鲜活灵动的傩面文化,突出表现了梅山人的审美情趣及世代承袭的民俗文化意象。

零期临床助力中国原创药研发新范式迭代

新药研发是一项耗时长且风险高的系统工程,需要投入大量资源。由于药物的安全性很难预料,药物开发失败花费的75%左右都在早期临床阶段。零期临床研究主要通过“微剂量”研究快速获得人体药代动力学及药效学等重要信息,为后期的药物临床试验节约资源,提高成功率。但在我国零期临床研究尚处于起步阶段,没有相应的法规和指导原则,缺乏合理的研究设计和专业的研究人员。本文就创新药物零期临床研究的内涵、目前存在的问题及解决策略与如何在中国有效开展零期临床等作一概述,以期为我国的原创药研发提供新范式参考。

杜甫诗歌善用“细”字的语言艺术

杜甫在炼字遣词方面对“细”字甚为钟情。诗中的“细”景建构起杜诗自然之维中独特的意象语言;同时,杜甫也擅长以“细”为标志语词缀织寻常事象,把羁旅生涯中的琐细情事与场景通过凸显细节的方式化入诗中,汇成了笔法细微而情意浓厚的艺术特征。杜诗因“细”而生的描写语言在诗性语言成熟的背景下呈现出个性魅力,深悉物情、体物活泼的笔法独具姿彩,而其宏微互映、大小兼涵的层叠意象结构也显示出更富表现张力及情感底蕴的诗体意境。

实施科学的前世今生(上篇)——起源与发展

实施科学旨在弥合知识与实践之间的鸿沟,促进循证实践的采纳与应用。在欧美国家,实施科学正快速发展,并走向成熟;在我国,该领域仍处于起步阶段。本文重点阐述了实施科学的定义、起源、国内外发展状况、研究热点、难点和机遇,以期为国内学者提供借鉴和参考。尽管实施科学在我国的发展尚处于起步阶段,但发展势头迅猛,中国学者可充分利用国内特有的研究资源和条件,以高质量实施性研究为抓手,开展创新性研究,在实施科学领域发挥全球引领作用。

空间生命学科发展战略研究

空间生命学科是一门致力于研究在空间环境条件下生命起源、演化及其分布,生命现象及其规律的学科.该学科从理论和实验两个层面深入探讨生命起源和早期演化机制,同时也探索地外天体生命的宜居性、存在形式等基本科学问题.随着中国空间站、嫦娥工程和天问系列等大科学计划的实施,中国空间生命科学研究进入了一个高速发展阶段.本文对空间生命领域的发展态势进行了梳理,提炼出了中国未来空间生命学科的重点发展领域,并针对学科布局进行优化,旨在推动空间生命科学研究的高质量发展.

肾藏精理论及补肾生精法源流探析

补肾生精法是从经典的中医肾藏精理论发展而来,作为中医藏象学说的重要组成部分,肾藏精理论对后世有着深远的指导意义。肾藏精理论与补肾生精法的发展脉络鲜有文献论述,本文从中医传承古文献角度出发,梳理春秋战国秦汉、魏晋隋、唐宋金元及明清时期医家对肾藏精理论和补肾生精法的认识,以望可探寻到肾藏精理论与补肾生精法的源流,予现代学者以启迪。

边疆人类学:源流、对象与中国语境

现代世界通过边界划定各国的领土范围,随之产生的边疆成为诸多国家内部文明空间的重要区域。在现实中,边界不仅明确区隔两个国家的地理空间,还影响了特定空间中的人文社会,以及相应的文明生成。因此,对边疆区域相关实践的关注,成为边疆人类学的重要研究领域。从学科源流来看,随着中国周边与世界格局的深刻变化,国内学界对于边疆的关注,从边疆社会面临外部冲击时的救亡图存意识及行动,开始转向主动开拓关于国家整体性的认知。在这个过程中,边疆研究与人类学理论与研究方法在应用中不断结合,具有自身本位的中国边疆人类学开始形成。关于边疆人类学研究对象的讨论,需要从具体的边疆实践出发,本着人类学田野调查方法关注、记录和解释人类社会文化的基本要求,从边界、区域、边民社会、人地关系4个方面获得具体经验,以贯彻边疆人类学的研究旨趣和实践路径。进入新时代,中国边疆人类学的发展,一方面通过记录并客观呈现边疆社会丰富的文化内涵,致力于中华民族文化的整体性表达;另一方面,则具有回应国家建设与决策的重大实践意义。以此为基础,创造丰富的边疆田野民族志、思考边疆治理现代化的人文路径、挖掘中华民族共同体意识的深层内涵,在理解中华文明空间的基础上建设中华民族现代文明,不仅体现了中国边疆人类学的现实使命,同时,在智识生产方面也为中国与国际学术实践创造更多的路径与可能。

Infectious causes of fever of unknown origin in developing countries: An international ID-IRI study

Background:Fever of unknown origin(FUO)in developing countries is an important dilemma and further research is needed to elucidate the infectious causes of FUO.Methods:A multi-center study for infectious causes of FUO in lower middle-income countries(LMIC)and lowincome countries(LIC)was conducted between January 1,2018 and January 1,2023.In total,15 participating centers from seven different countries provided the data,which were collected through the Infectious DiseasesInternational Research Initiative platform.Only adult patients with confirmed infection as the cause of FUO were included in the study.The severity parameters were quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(qSOFA)≥2,intensive care unit(ICU)admission,vasopressor use,and invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV).Results:A total of 160 patients with infectious FUO were included in the study.Overall,148(92.5%)patients had community-acquired infections and 12(7.5%)had hospital-acquired infections.The most common infectious syndromes were tuberculosis(TB)(n=27,16.9%),infective endocarditis(n=25,15.6%),malaria(n=21,13.1%),brucellosis(n=15,9.4%),and typhoid fever(n=9,5.6%).Plasmodium falciparum,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Brucellae,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella typhi,and Rickettsiae were the leading infectious agents in this study.A total of 56(35.0%)cases had invasive procedures for diagnosis.The mean qSOFA score was 0.76±0.94{median(interquartile range[IQR]):0(0–1)}.ICU admission(n=26,16.2%),vasopressor use(n=14,8.8%),and IMV(n=10,6.3%)were not rare.Overall,38(23.8%)patients had at least one of the severity parameters.The mortality rate was 15(9.4%),and the mortality was attributable to the infection causing FUO in 12(7.5%)patients.Conclusions:In LMIC and LIC,tuberculosis and cardiac infections were the most severe and the leading infections causing FUO.

新疆吐鲁番发现的传统纺织品上树纹99装饰艺术源流考论

新疆吐鲁番阿斯塔那墓发现的北朝至初唐时期的几面“树纹”纺织品织锦,其上复杂的纹样装饰渊源,学界至今没有厘清。文章以考古遗存和图像为主,结合文献资料,对“树纹”造型特征进行分析,尝试解释其纹饰含义,对其艺术源流进行考证。发现,在两河流域,生命树纹装饰对帝国意识形态的重要性,主要体现在皇家服装、珠宝、官方印章以及壁画、宫殿雕塑上,而吐鲁番“树纹”结以动物或人物造型装饰,与其有着莫大的渊源。本文研究表明,此种艺术母题源于两河流域,之后传播到北方斯基泰艺术中,经斯基泰民族吸收与再造后,又受波斯文化影响、传递,最终融入中国艺术中,并在初唐时期,此种艺术风格样式发展到顶峰。而吐鲁番出土的织锦联珠花树对兽纹佐证了这一观点,其中“三”瓣与“七”瓣树纹装饰,一方面保持着传统神秘数的象征意义,一方面蕴含着原始宗教观念和后出的宗教思想,其内涵颇为丰富。