Physical Origin of Color Changes in Lutetium Hydride under Pressure

Recently,near-ambient superconductivity was claimed in nitrogen-doped lutetium hydride(LuH_(3-δ)N_(ε)).Unfortunately,all follow-up research still cannot find superconductivity signs in successfully synthesized lutetium dihydride(LuH_(2)) and N-doped LuH_(2±x)N_(y).However,a similar intriguing observation was the pressure-induced color changes(from blue to pink and subsequent red).The physical understanding of its origin and the correlation between the color,crystal structure,and chemical composition of Lu–H–N is still lacking.In this work,we systematically investigated the optical properties of LuH_(2) and LuH_(3),and the effects of hydrogen vacancies and nitrogen doping using the first-principles calculations by considering both interband and intraband contributions.Our results demonstrate that the evolution of reflectivity peaks near blue and red light,which is driven by changes in the band gap and Fermi velocity of free electrons,resulting in the blue-to-red color change under pressure.In contrast,LuH_(3) exhibits gray and no color change up to 50 GPa.Furthermore,we investigated the effects of hydrogen vacancies and nitrogen doping on its optical properties.Hydrogen vacancies can significantly decrease the pressure of blue-to-red color change in LuH_(2) but do not have a noticeable effect on the color of LuH_(3).The N-doped LuH_(2) with the substitution of a hydrogen atom at the tetrahedral position maintains the color change when the N-doping concentration is low.As the doping level increases,this trend becomes less obvious,while other N-doped structures do not show a blue-to-red color change.Our results can clarify the origin of the experimental observed blue-to-red color change in lutetium hydride and also provide a further understanding of the potential N-doped lutetium dihydride.

Geochemistry and origins of hydrogen-containing natural gases in deep Songliao Basin,China:Insights from continental scientific drilling

The different reservoirs in deep Songliao Basin have non-homogeneous lithologies and include multiple layers with a high content of hydrogen gas.The gas composition and stable isotope characteristics vary significantly,but the origin analysis of different gas types has previously been weak.Based on the geochemical parameters of gas samples from different depths and the analysis of geological settings,this research covers the diverse origins of natural gas in different strata.The gas components are mainly methane with a small amount of C_(2+),and non-hydrocarbon gases,including nitrogen(N_(2)),hydrogen(H_(2)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and helium(He).At greater depth,the carbon isotope of methane becomes heavier,and the hydrogen isotope points to a lacustrine sedimentary environment.With increasing depth,the origins of N_(2)and CO_(2)change gradually from a mixture of organic and inorganic to inorganic.The origins of hydrogen gas are complex and include organic sources,water radiolysis,water-rock(Fe^(2+)-containing minerals)reactions,and mantle-derived.The shales of Denglouku and Shahezi Formations,as source rocks,provide the premise for generation and occurrence of organic gas.Furthermore,the deep faults and fluid activities in Basement Formation control the generation and migration of mantle-derived gas.The discovery of a high content of H_(2)in study area not only reveals the organic and inorganic association of natural-gas generation,but also provides a scientific basis for the exploration of deep hydrogen-rich gas.

Genetic dissection and origin of pleiotropic loci underlying multilevel fiber quality traits in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton fiber quality is a persistent concern that determines planting benefits and the quality of finished textile products.However,the limitations of measurement instruments have hindered the accurate evaluation of some important fiber characteristics such as fiber maturity,fineness,and neps,which in turn has impeded the genetic improvement and industrial utilization of cotton fiber.Here,12 single fiber quality traits were measured using Advanced Fiber Information System(AFIS)equipment among 383 accessions of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).In addition,eight conventional fiber quality traits were assessed by the High Volume Instrument(HVI)System.Genome-wide association study(GWAS),linkage disequilibrium(LD)block genotyping and functional identification were conducted sequentially to uncover the associated elite loci and candidate genes of fiber quality traits.As a result,the previously reported pleiotropic locus FL_D11 regulating fiber length-related traits was identified in this study.More importantly,three novel pleiotropic loci(FM_A03,FF_A05,and FN_A07)regulating fiber maturity,fineness and neps,respectively,were detected based on AFIS traits.Numerous highly promising candidate genes were screened out by integrating RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses,including the reported GhKRP6 for fiber length,the newly identified GhMAP8 for maturity and GhDFR for fineness.The origin and evolutionary analysis of pleiotropic loci indicated that the selection pressure on FL_D11,FM_A03 and FF_A05 increased as the breeding period approached the present and the origins of FM_A03 and FF_A05 were traced back to cotton landraces.These findings reveal the genetic basis underlying fiber quality and provide insight into the genetic improvement and textile utilization of fiber in G.hirsutum.

Insights into the Origins of Solar-Assisted Electrochemical Water Oxidation in Allotropic Co_(5.47)N/CON Heterojunctions

Solar irradiation can efficiently promote the kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)during water splitting,where heterojunction catalysts exhibit excellent photoresponsive properties.However,insights into the origins of photoassisted OER catalysis remain unclear,especially the interfaced promotion under convergent solar irradiation(CSI).Herein,novel allotropic Co_(5.47)N/CoN heterojunctions were synthesized,and corresponding OER mechanisms under CSI were comprehensively uncovered from physical and chemical aspects using the in situ Raman technique and electrochemical cyclic voltammetry method.Our results provide a unique mechanism where high-energy UV light promotes the Co^(3+/4+)conversion process in addition to the ordinary photoelectric effect excitation of the Co^(2+)material.Importantly,visible light under CSI can produce a photothermal effect for Co^(2+)excitation and Co^(3+/4+)conversion,which promotes the OER significantly more than the usual photoelectric effect.As a result,Co_(5.47)N/CoN(containing 28%CoN)obtained 317.9%OER enhancement,which provides a pathway for constructing excellent OER catalysts.

Origin of the Dashuigou independent tellurium deposit at Qinghai–Xizang Plateau: constraints from the light stable isotopes C, O, and H

By studying the light isotopic compositions of carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen,combined with previous research results on the ore-forming source of the deposit,the authors try to uncover its metallogenic origin.The δ^(18)O and δ^(13)C isotope signatures of dolomite samples vary between 10.2 and 13.0‰,and between−7.2 and−5.2‰,respectively,implying that the carbon derives from the upper mantle.δD and δ^(18) O of quartz,biotite,and muscovite from diff erent ore veins of the deposit vary between−82 and−59‰,and between 11.6 and 12.4‰,respectively,implying that the metallogenic solutions are mainly magmatic.According to the relevant research results of many isotope geologists,the fractionation degree of hydrogen isotopes increases as the depth to the Earth’s core increases,and the more diff erentiated the hydrogen isotopes are,the lower their values will be.In other words,mantle-derived solutions can have extremely low hydrogen isotope values.This means that the δD‰ value−134 of the pyrrhotite sample numbered SD-34 in this article may indicate mantle-derived oreforming fl uid of the deposit.The formation of the Dashuigou tellurium deposit occurred between 91.71 and 80.19 Ma.

Optimization study of station track utilization in high-speed railroad based on constraints of control in random origin and process

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to eliminate the fluctuations in train arrival and departure times caused by skewed distributions in interval operation times.These fluctuations arise from random origin and process factors during interval operations and can accumulate over multiple intervals.The aim is to enhance the robustness of high-speed rail station arrival and departure track utilization schemes.Design/methodologylapproach-To achieve this objective,the paper simulates actual train operations,incorporating the fluctuations in interval operation times into the utilization of arrival and departure tracks at the station.The Monte Carlo simulation method is adopted to solve this problem.This approach transforms a nonlinear model,which includes constraints from probability distribution functions and is difficult to solve directly,into a linear programming model that is easier to handle.The method then linearly weights two objectives to optimize the solution.Findings-Through the application of Monte Carlo simulation,the study successfully converts the complex nonlinear model with probability distribution function constraints into a manageable linear programming model.By continuously adjusting the weighting coefficients of the linear objectives,the method is able to optimize the Pareto solution.Notably,this approach does not require extensive scene data to obtain a satisfactory Pareto solution set.Originality/value-The paper contributes to the field by introducing a novel method for optimizing high-speed rail station arrival and departure track utilization in the presence of fluctuations in interval operation times.The use of Monte Carlo simulation to transform the problem into a tractable linear programming model represents a significant advancement.Furthermore,the method's ability to produce satisfactory Pareto solutions without relying on extensive data sets adds to its practical value and applicability in real-world scenarios.

Gibbon vocal communication provides insights into the origin and evolution of human music and language

Humans across cultures convey feelings and thoughts through music.Despite its ubiquity,the origins and evolution of music remain enigmatic.Archaeological evidence has traced the history of music back at least 40000 years ago based on prehistoric bone flutes(Fitch,2006).Comparative studies have also explored earlier histories by identifying common musical features between animals and humans(Fitch,2006).For example,songbirds exhibit categorical rhythms similar to human music(Roeske et al.,2020),and humans can recognize emotional arousal in signals across all classes of terrestrial vertebrates(Filippi et al.,2017).These findings,while surprising,align with the longstanding human perception of animal signals as music(Gray et al.,2001).The universality of music and its features intensifies the fundamental question posed by Darwin(1871):how has a behavior that is energetically costly and seemingly non-adaptive evolved to become so widespread?This question can be further divided into two sub-questions(Savage et al.,2021):(1)how do musical features contribute to the production or expressive power of music(i.e.,mechanisms),and(2)how does music benefit performers in terms of survival,reproductions,or other aspects(i.e.,functions).

Unroofing Technique for Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Right Sinus of Valsalva: Report of a Case

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (AOLCA) from the right sinus of Valsalva constitutes a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly. Patients with an anomalous left main coronary artery face a significantly higher risk of sudden cardiac death compared to those with an anomalous right coronary artery. The anomalous coronary artery traversing between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery markedly heightens the risk of myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Symptomatic patients often exhibit a longer intramural course of the coronary artery, which may necessitate earlier intervention or influence the choice of surgical repair method. Surgical intervention is advocated for patients with this anomaly, even in the absence of symptoms. For anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva with an intramural course, coronary unroofing is the preferred revascularization procedure. This report presents a case of AOLCA originating from the right sinus of Valsalva, treated surgically using the unroofing technique for the aortic intramural segment of the anomalous coronary artery traversing between the great vessels. The unroofing technique is recommended for treating AOLCA with an extensive intramural course that does not involve the commissure.

Decoding Egyptian Origin of Roma:Fact and Faith

The premise of the research paper is to decode the myth and revisit the fact in regard to the Egyptian link of the Roma communities through piecing together classical and modern documents,scholarly works,literature and books.The paper is a scholarly endeavour to navigate the historical alley of the Roma community and their emergence in Peloponnese.The research paper assumes the empirical and multidisciplinary approach to dealing with historical myth and alleged origin of the Roma people and responds to the narratives that deconstruct the notion of biblical versions and Egyptian legend.It critically analyzes mendacious premises and mythological rhetoric about Egyptian origin of Roma communities.The paper also addresses the argument premised upon Roma’s peripatetic lifestyle,fortune-telling vocation and their professions like bear keeping,animal training,sieve/basket making and jugglery.

Analysis of Volatile Constituents in Lonicera japonica Thunb. from Different Origins by GC-MS

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the volatile constituents in Lonicera japonica Thunb. from different origins. [Method] HP-5MS capillary columns were used and column temperature was controlled by a program. MS analysis was performed with EI and quadruple mass analyzer. The volatile constituents in L. japonica Thunb. were identified by NIST02 and Wiley275 libraries, and their relative contents were determined with chromatographic peak area normalization method. [Result] According to GC-MS total ion-current chromatograms, 35 volatile constituents were identified in L. japonica Thunb. from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, mainly including methyl linolenate, n-hexadecanoic acid and ζ-muurolene; 18 volatile constituents were identified in L. japonica Thunb. from Hunan Province, mainly including n-hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid and α-curcumene. [Conclusion] Main volatile constituents in L. japonica Thunb. from two different origins varied significantly.

Study on Origin and Cultural Connotation of Names in English-speaking Countries

The names in English-speaking countries are full of historical origin and cultural connotation. For the significance of family name and given name, this paper focus on the origin and culture connotation of family name and given name, and also the hidden influences of name played on human beings. Moreover, the relationship between development of society and English name will also be concerned because we can not ignore that the development of society has made great effects to English name.According to the whole essay, we can easily realize the origin and connotation of English name through all my researches and analyses.

Histological origin of pseudomyxoma peritonei in Chinese women:Clinicopathology and

AIM： To investigate the myxoma peritonei （PMP） histological origin of pseudo- n Chinese women. METHODS： The clinical and pathological data were reviewed for 35 women with PMP, and specimens of the peritoneal, appendiceal and ovarian lesions of each patient were examined using the PV-6000 immunohistochemistry method. Antibodies included cytokeratin （CK）7, CK20, mucin （MUC）-1, MUC-2, carbohydrate antigen （CA）-125, estrogen receptor （ER）, and progesterone receptor （PR）. RESULTS： Abundant colloidal mucinous tumors were observed in the peritoneum in all 35 cases. Thirty-one patients had a history of appendectomy, 28 of whom had mucinous lesions. There was one patient with appendicitis, one whose appendix showed no apparent pathological changes, and one with unknown surgical pathology. Ovarian mucinous tumors were found in 24 patients. The tumors were bilateral in 13 patients, on the right-side in nine, and on the left side in two. Twenty patients had combined appendiceal and ovarian lesions; 16 of whom had undergone initial surgery for appendiceal lesions. Four patients had undergone initial surgery for ovarian lesions, and relapse occurred in these patients at 1, 11, 32 and 85 mo after initial surgery. Appendi-ceal mucinous tumors were found in each of these four patients. Thirty-three of the 35 patients showed peritoneal lesions that were positive for CK20 and MUC-2, but negative for CK7, MUC-1, CA125, ER and PR. The expression patterns in the appendix and the ovary were similar to those of the peritoneal lesions. In one of the remaining two cases, CK20, CK7 and MUC-2 were positive, and MUC-1, CA125, ER and PR were negative. The ovaries were not resected. The appendix of one patient was removed at another hospital, and no specimen was evaluated. In the other case, the appendix appeared to be normal during surgery, and was not resected. Peritoneal and ovarian lesions were negative for CK20, MUC-2, CK7, MUC-1, CA125, ER and PR. CONCLUSION： Most PMP originated from the appendix. Among women with PMP, the ovarian tumors were implanted rather than primary. For patients with PMP, appendectomy should be performed routinely. The ovaries, especially the right ovaries should be explored.

Zoonotic origins of human coronavirus 2019(HCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2):why is this work important?

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV), is a global threat to the human population. Here, we briefly summarize the available data for the zoonotic origins of HCoV-19, with reference to the other two epidemics of highly virulent coronaviruses, SARSCoV and MERS-CoV, which cause severe pneumonia in humans. We propose to intensify future efforts for tracing the origins of HCoV-19, which is a very important scientific question for the control and prevention of the pandemic.

Isotopic composition of precipitation over Arid Northwestern China and its implications for the water vapor origin

In order to reveal the characteristics and climatic controls on the stable isotopic composition of precipitation over Arid Northwestern China, eight stations have been selected from Chinese Network of Isotopes in Precipitation(CHNIP).During the year 2005 and 2006, monthly precipitation samples have been collected and analyzed for the composition of δD and δ18O.The established local meteoric water line δD=7.42δ18O+1.38, based on the 95 obtained monthly composite samples, could be treated as isotopic input function across the region.The deviations of slope and intercept from the Global Meteoric Water Line indicated the specific regional meteorological conditions.The monthly δ18O values were characterized by a positive correlation with surface air temperature(δ18O(‰) =0.33 T(℃)-13.12).The amount effect visualized during summer period(δ18O(‰) =-0.04P(mm)-3.44) though not appeared at a whole yearly-scale.Spatial distributions of δ18O have properly portrayed the atmospheric circulation background in each month over Arid Northwestern China.The quan-titative simulation of δ18O, which involved a Rayleigh fractionation and a kinetic fractionation, demonstrated that the latter one was the dominating function of condensation of raindrops.Furthermore, the raindrop suffered a re-evaporation during falling processes, and the precipitation vapor might have been mixed with a quantity of local recycled water vapor.Multiple linear regression equations and a δ18O-T relation have been gained by using meteorological parameters and δ18O data to evaluate physical controls on the long-term data.The established δ18O-T relation, which has been based on the present-day precipitation, could be considered as a first step of quantitatively reconstructing the historical environmental climate.

Origin and controlling factors of chlorite coatings—an example from the reservoir of T_3x Group of the Baojie area,Sichuan Basin,China

The study of the chlorite coatings always attracts scholars in China and other countries because the chlorite coatings play an important role in the preservation of residual primary pores in sandstone reservoirs.At present,the study of the origin and the controlling factors is relatively few.The occurrence,time of formation,genesis,controlling factors,and the mechanism of chlorite coatings inhibiting quartz overgrowths were studied in detail with thin section and SEM analysis.Samples were from the sandstone reservoirs of the T3x Group in the Baojie area,the transitional zone from the middle to the south of Sichuan Basin.The results indicate that the chlorite coatings on the walls of the pore spaces are oriented perpendicular to grain surfaces in the form of isopachous(even-thickness) grain-coating,while the chlorite coatings at the contacts between adjacent detrital grains are arranged with a preferred orientation tangential to the surface of detrital grains.The chlorite coatings were formed in the eogenetic stage.They were formed by recrystallization of Fe-rich clay films during the syndepositional period,and chlorite cements would be recrystallized after the coatings’ formation.The formation of chlorite coatings was mainly controlled by the depositional environment,provenance conditions,and diagenetic environment.The presence of chlorite coatings could result in the preservation of primary pores in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs by effectively inhibiting quartz overgrowths and the development of compaction and pressure solution.

Origin of CO_2 in natural gas from the Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Northeast Sichuan Basin

The natural gas from the Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Northeast Sichuan Basin contains high H2S whereas relatively low CO2 concentrations and the CO2 display high δ13C values (ranging from -5.81‰ to 3.3‰ (PDB)). This seems to contradict the conventional wisdom that TSR should be a primary source of CO2 in natural gas from the Feixianguan Formation. In contrast, many authigenic calcite samples from these sites display very low δ13C values (ranging from -18.4‰ to -10.3‰ (PDB)). This suggests that the carbon from TSR source dominated the formation of calcite whereas the carbon from inorganic source came into CO2 in natural gas. In order to assess the origin of CO2 from these H2S-rich sites, we have calculated the relative contributions of organic and inorganic carbon sources to the CO2 and authigenic calcite. The organic carbon source possibly originated from TSR, whereas the inorganic one might be generated from marine carbonates dissolution. This calculation is based on the carbon isotopic compositions of CO2 and authigenic calcite as well as an isotopic mass balance. The results show that the contribution of organic carbon source to the CO2 is only 2%, whereas that to authigenic calcite is as high as 43% on average. Such results combined with thermodynamic evidence indicate that the isotopically light CO2 produced by TSR process may contribute to authigenic calcite precipitation during burial diagenesis. Distinguishable from Ordovician reservoir of Tarim Basin, Feixianguan reservoir of Northeast Sichuan Basin experienced rapid tectonic uplift due to Yanshanian movement after TSR occurred. Such tectonic event could induce temperature decrease and further promote carbonates dissolution. During these processes, secondary porosity has developed in Feixianguan carbonate reservoirs. Therefore, much attention should be paid to the structural highs in search of high quality carbonate reservoirs.

Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Age and Island-Arc Origin of the Bayanhua Gabbro in the Hegenshan Suture Zone, Inner Mongolia

Objective The Bayanhua Nb-enriched gabbro is newly discovered in the Diyanmiao-Meilaotewula SSZ-type ophiolitic m61ange belt of the Hegenshan suture zone, Inner Mongolia. Nb-enriched arc gabbros are usually believed to result from partial melting of the mantle wedge peridotites metasomatized by slab melts derived from the subducting oceanic slab, which represent arc magmatic markers of the oceanic subduction zone. However, whether the Hegenshan ocean basin of the Paleo-Asian Ocean was in its subduction stage in the Early Permian requires further study for a final conclusion, and what is the evolution process of the oceanic subduction and lithospheric mantle of the Hegenshan suture zone remains speculative for the lack of further definitely petrological and chronological evidence and constraints. Therefore, this study carried out zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry on the Bayanhua Nb-enriched gabbro to discuss its origin, in order to provide new evidence for the tectonic evolution of the Hegenshan suture zone of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt.

Endosonographic surveillance of 1-3 cm gastric submucosal tumors originating from muscularis propria

AIM To observe the natural course of 1-3 cm gastric submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria(SMTMPs).METHODS By reviewing the computerized medical records over a period of 14 years(2000-2013), patients with 1-3 cm gastric SMTMPs who underwent at least two endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) examinations were enrolled. Tumor progression was defined as a ≥ 1.2 times enlargement in tumor diameter observed during EUS surveillance. All patients were divided into stationary and progressive subgroups and further analyzed. We also reviewed the patients in the progressive subgroup again in 2016.RESULTS A total of 88 patients were studied, including 25 in the progressive subgroup. The mean time of EUS surveillance was 24.6 mo in the stationary subgroup and 30.7 mo in the progressive subgroup. Risk factors for tumor progression included larger tumor size and irregular border. Initial tumor size > 14.0 mm may be considered a cut-off size for predicting tumor progression. Seventeen patients underwent surgery, of whom 13 had gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) and 4 had leiomyomas. Tumor progression was found only in patients with GISTs. All of the tumors exhibited benign behaviors without metastasis until 2016.CONCLUSION Most 1-3 cm gastric SMTMPs(71.6%) are indolent. Tumor progression was found only in GISTs, and it is a good predictor for differentiating GISTs from leiomyomas. Predictors of tumor progression include larger tumor size(> 14.0 mm) and irregular border.

Origins and transports of the low-salinity coastal water in the southwestern Yellow Sea

In the southwestern Yellow Sea there is a low-salinity and turbid coastal water,the Subei Coastal Water（SCW）.The origins of freshwater contents and thus the dissolved terrigenous nutrients in the SCW have been debated for decades.In this study,we used a well-validated numerical model to quantify the contributions of multiple rivers,i.e.,the Changjiang River in the south and the multiple Subei local rivers（SLRs） in the north,in forming this yearround low-salinity coastal water.It is found that the freshwater contents in the SCW is dominated by the Changjiang River south of 33.5°N,by the SLRs north of 34.5°N,and by both sources in 33.5°–34.5°N.Overall,the Changjiang River contributes ~70% in the dry season and ~80% in the wet season of the total freshwater contents in the SCW,respectively.Dynamics driving the Changjiang River Plume to flow northward is the tidal residual current,which can even overwhelm the wind effects in winter seasons.The residual currents turn offshore near the Old Yellow River Delta（OYRD） by the collision of the two tidal wave systems,which transport the freshwater from both sources into the interior Yellow Sea.Water age experiments show that it takes 50–150 d for the Changjiang River Plume to reach the SCW in the spring and summer seasons,thus there is a 2-month lag between the maximum freshwater content in SCW and the peak Changjiang River discharge.In the winter and autumn seasons,the low salinity in inner SCW is the remnant Changjiang River diluted water arrived in the previous seasons.

Effect of burden and origin sites of premature ventricular contractions on left ventricular function by 7-day Holter monitor

Recent studies have shown that premature ventricular contractions （PVCs） could enlarge the heart, but its risk factors are incompletely understood as a single 24-hour recording cannot reflect the true PVC burden due to day-to-day variability. Our purpose was to investigate the effect of burden and origin sites on left ventricular （LV） function in patients with PVCs by 7-day Holter electrocardiography （ECG）. From May 2012 to August 2013, 112 consecutive patients with PVCs were recruited from the authors＇ affiliated hospital. All patients received 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography, 12-lead routing ECG and 7-days Holter ECG. Serum N-terminal pro- brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） levels were measured. A total of 102 participants with PVCs were included in the final analysis. Origin of PVCs from the tricuspid annulus had the highest burden and NT-proBNP level. LV papillary muscle had a higher LV ejection fraction （EF） level and a lower LV end-systolic dimension （ESD） than other PVC foci （P〈0.05）. The high burden group had a higher LV end-diastolic dimension （EDD） and LVESD but lower LVEF than the other two groups （P〈0.05）. Female, older age, physical work, and history of PVCs had a significantly positive correlation with symptoms. Male, older age, physical work, and high burden were positive predictors of enlarged LVEDD, LVESD and higher serum NT-proBNP level, but lower LVEF. Seven-day dynamic ECG Holter monitor showed the true PVC burden on patients with PVCs. PVCs with a lower burden or origin from the LV papillary muscle and the fascicle were relatively benign, while PVCs with a higher burden or origin from the tricuspid annulus may lead to cardiac dysfunction.