Rb-Sr Dating of Pyrite and Quartz Fluid Inclusions and Origin of Ore-forming Materials of the Jinshan Gold Deposit, Northeast Jiangxi Province, South China

The Jinshan gold deposit is located in the Northeast Jiangxi province,South China,which related to the ductile shear zone.It contains two ore types,i.e.the alteration-type ore and the goldbearing quartz vein ore.Rb-Sr age dating is applied to both gold-bearing pyrite in the alteration-type ore and fluid inclusion in the gold-bearing quartz vein to make clear the time of the gold mineralization of the Jinshan deposit.Analytical results of this study yielded that the age of the alteration-type ore bodies is about 838±110Ma,with an initial 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.7045±0.0020.However,the age of the gold-bearing quartz vein-type ore is about 379±49Ma,and the initial 87Sr/86Sr is 0.7138±0.0011.Based on the age data from this work and many previous studies,the authors consider that the Jinshan gold deposit is a product of multi-staged mineralization,which may include the Jinninian,Caledonian,Hercynian,and Yanshanian Periods.Among them,the Jinninian Period and the Hercynian Period might be the two most important ore-forming periods for Jinshan deposit.The Jinninian Period is the main stage for the formation of alteration-type ore bodies,while the Hercynian Period is the major time for ore bodies of gold-bearing quartz vein type.The initial values of the 87Sr/86Sr from this study,as well as the previous isotope and trace element studies,indicate that the ore-forming materials mainly derived from the metamorphic wall rocks,and the ore-forming fluids mainly originated from the deep metamorphic water.

Ore-forming fluid characteristics and ore-forming materials source of the Tudimiaogou – Yindongshan lead-zinc polymetallic orefield, west Henan

1 Introduction The Tudimiaogou-Yindongshan lead-zinc polymetallic orefield is located in the Tudimiaogou-Weimoshi lead and zinc silver polymetallic metallogenic belt.The belt is an important part of southwestern Henan lead and zinc

Geological characteristics and the origin of ore-forming materials of(Laozhaiwan gold deposit, Yunnan Province

"Golden triangle"area bordered on Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi was one of the most important Carlin-type gold deposits concentration areas.Deep understanding of Carlin-type gold deposits in Guizhou and Guangxi Province had reached through several decades studies,but geological environment was very complex in the southeastern Yunnan,and Carlin-type gold deposits produced in the southeastern Yunnan were different from that of America,few studies were taken there.Based on a large number of field work,studies on the geological characteristics combining with geochemistry characteristics were taken,and analysis the genesis of Laozhaiwan gold deposit.The types of alteration in Laozhaiwan gold deposit were mainly silicification and pyritization,and Gold grade was high when silicification and pyritization were both occurred.It could be caculated that fluid density(g/cm3)varied from 0.7 to 4.9,salinity varied from 0.76%to 0.95%and ore-forming pressure(Pa)varied from 1.81×105 to 49.96×105 according to fluid inclusion test results,showed that Laozhaiwan gold deposit was hypabyssal hydrothermal deposit in low temperature and low salinity.According to composition of fluid inclusion analysis,combining with H-O isotope,made theδD-δ18O figure,showed that the fluid of the deposit rooted in formation water and mixed with meteoric waters later.

Rare Earth Elements Geochemistry of Laowan Gold Deposit in Henan Province: Trace to Source of Ore-Forming Materials

The compositions of REE in quartz and pyrite from the main stage of the Laowan gold deposit in Henan Province and that in quartz from Laowan granite were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass-spectrometry （ICP-MS） to trace the source of ore-forming materials. Meanwhile, the REE compositions of the deposit ore, granite and metamorphic wall rock were also considered for comparative studies in detail. The range of ∑REE of quartz and pyrite from the deposit ores is 4.18 × 10^-6- 30.91 × 10^-6, the average of ∑REE is 13.39 × 10^-6, and the average of ∑REE of quartz in the Laowan granite is 6.68 × 10^-6. There is no distinct difference of REE parameters between the deposit ore quartz and granite quartz. The quartz in gold deposit has the same REE particular parameters as quartzes from Laowan granite, such as δEu, δCe, （La/Yb）N and （La/Sm）N, partition degree of LREE to HREE, especially, the chondrite-normalized REE patterns, but no similarity to those from metamorphic wall rock, which shows that ore-forming hydrothermal fluid is mainly the fluid coming from the Laowan granite magma, rather than metamorphic fluid. Meanwhile, comparison studies on REE features between minerals from the deposit ores and related geological bodies in the deposit show that REE characteristics of minerals can serve as an indicator of ore-forming fluid properties and sources, while the REE characteristics of the bulk samples （such as deposit ores, granites and wall rocks） can not trace the source of the ore-forming materials exactly.

Rare Earth Element Geochemistry Characteristics of Laowan Gold Deposit in Henan Province: Trace to Source of Ore-Forming Materials

The compositions of REE in quartz and pyrite from main mineralized stage of the Laowan gold deposit in Henan province and that of quartz from Laowan granite were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass-Spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The REE of deposit ore of the Laowan gold deposit, wall-rock and Laowan granite also were studied to trace the source of metallogenic materials in Laowan gold deposit in detail. The range of ∑ REE in quartz and pyrite from gold deposit is 4.18 × 10^-6 - 30.91 × 10^-6, average of 13.39 × 10^-6, 6.68 × 10^-6 of the Laowan granite quartz, obviously lower to REE concentration of deposit, granite and wall-rock. The value of （La/ Yb）N and （La/Sm）N of ore minerals from the gold deposit is 13.23 and 4.17 respectively. The differences in REE parameters, such as δEu, δCe and diffusion degree in REE from light to heavy, among deposit ore minerals and granite mineral are weak. Especially, there are no differences between the chondrite-normalised REE curves of minerals from gold deposit and those of quartzs in Laowan granite, no similarity to wall-rock＇, which shows that ore-forming hydrothermal fluid mainly came from magma fluid resulting from the Laowan granite magma, metamorphic fluid in few. The results also show that REE characteristics of ore minerals in deposit are effective for disclosing oreforming fluid quality comparing with deposit ore＇REE compositions.

Minerogenetic mechanism of Rushan gold deposit, Shandong Province——Evidence of ore-forming fluid and H, O, Sr isotopes

THE Rushan gold deposit, being of quartz-vein type, is located in biotite monzonitic granite of Kunyushan complex pluton in eastern Shandong, China, and the orebody No. 2 is the largest mono-vein deposits found in China. The gold mineralization can be divided into three stages according to crisscross relations of the various microlodes in the deposit: Ⅰ. pre-ore stage of comb-structured milky-white quartz veins; Ⅱ. main mineralization stage of multi-metal sulphides and siderite-quartz veins; Ⅲ. post-ore stage of mottled cryptocrystalline quartz veins.

沂沭断裂带中段牛家小河金矿主微量元素特征与地质意义

牛家小河金矿是沂沭断裂带内破碎蚀变岩型金矿的典型代表。通过对牛家小河金矿中矿石、围岩的岩石学特征及其主、微量元素地球化学特征研究发现,矿石NJXH-1富集Fe,Co,Ni等成矿温度较高的成矿元素,矿石NJXH-2相对富集低温成矿元素;沂水岩群成矿元素具有较高的变异系数且分布极不均匀,表明沂水岩群可能是牛家小河金矿的主要矿源层;矿石REE配分曲线均为轻稀土富集型,矿石NJXH-2与沂水岩群的稀土元素分布特征相似,矿石NJXH-2与沂水岩群具有同源性;矿石的Y/Ho特征显示成矿流体可能来自变质热液。综合分析认为,牛家小河金矿可能经历了两期成矿作用,且成矿温度存在一定差异;成矿物质可能来源于沂水岩群和燕山期花岗岩。成矿流体显示弱还原性,变质热液也可能参与成矿作用。

湘东北雁林寺金矿床微量和稀土元素地球化学特征

雁林寺金矿床是湘东北地区代表性的金矿床之一,但该矿床的相关地球化学研究程度较低,其成矿物质和流体来源存在争议。在野外地质调查的基础上,通过对不同类型含金石英脉和冷家溪群围岩开展微量和稀土元素特征的对比研究,结果表明,含金石英脉的微量元素组成具有较大差异,但Ga,Cr,Co,Ni,U,Th含量与冷家溪群地层相近;含金石英脉和围岩的Co/Ni值相近表明成矿流体主要为变质热液。含金石英脉与冷家溪群地层具有一致稀土元素配分模式,指示二者具有紧密联系。不同含金石英脉的稀土配分曲线有所差异,暗示成矿流体从早阶段劈理化带型含金石英脉矿体演化到晚阶段韧性剪切带型含金石英脉矿体过程中物理化学条件发生了改变。结合前人同位素研究,认为晚期成矿流体有较多的大气降水加入。冷家溪群地层提供了成矿物质。

Phosphorite generative processes around the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary in South China: An integrated study of Mo and phosphate O isotopic compositions

Large phosphorite deposits in Central Guizhou,China,were formed around the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary(PC/C),including the Ediacaran(Doushantuo stage)and early Cambrian(Gezhongwu stage).Among them,Gezhongwu phosphorite from Zhijin are enriched in rare earth elements(REE)plus yttrium(REY),reaching 3.503 million tons.Although phosphorites have attracted great attention,the specific sources P and REY remained unclear.To determine the P and REY sources and establish a phosphogenic model of PC/C phosphorite,we present an integrated dataset of Mo and phosphate O isotopes for the first time,along with carbonate C and O isotopes,geology,petrology,and geochemistry.In all samples,d18Op,Y/Ho,and Zr/Hf decreased from the Ediacaran to the early Cambrian,indicating increased terrigenous weathering fluxes while decreased upwelling water input.Furthermore,terrigenous weathering delivery significantly elevated marine REY concentrations in the Cambrian in Zhijin.The Ceanom and d98/95Mo suggest that seawater was oxidized in the later Ediacaran and became entirely oxic in the early Cambrian.The positive feedback between oxygen levels in atmosphere and primary productivity caused progressive oxygenation in ocean-atmosphere system and enable phosphorites to be formed by different mechanisms.Results show that the Lower Doushantuo consist of abiotic intraclasts and exhibited“seawaterlike”REY types,indicating abiological and mechanical reworking phosphogenesis.The Upper Doushantuo and Gezhongwu Formation contained mainly microbial debris and abiogenic intraclasts,and exhibit “hat-shaped”REY plots,suggesting microbially mediated phosphogenesis.Based on this data set,we developed a phosphogenic model illustrating formation of these two phosphorite deposits,wherein the Lower Doushantuo phosphorite formed through the reworking of pre-existing phosphatic sediments in anoxic and abiotic ocean,whereas the Upper Doushantuo and Gezhongwu phosphorite formed via microbial metabolisms in oxic and biotic conditions.Our study has implications on the PC/C phosphorite generative processes,as well as paleoenvironmental conditions.

贵池铜山铜矿床成因探讨

铜山铜矿床矿化类型可划分为层状含铜黄铁矿型、含铜角砾岩型、含铜夕卡岩型和含铜斑岩型。控矿因素为地层、岩浆岩及构造 ,其中层间断裂与接触带构造是主要的容矿构造。铅、硫、氢、氧同位素特征及成矿温度研究表明成矿物质和热液主要来源于铜山岩体 ,矿床成因为层控夕卡岩型铜矿床。

湖北宜昌白竹坪金矿流体包裹体特征及成矿机理探讨

白竹坪金矿位于黄陵背斜核北部东缘,作为黄陵变质岩区典型石英脉型金矿床,尚缺乏对其成矿流体的系统研究。通过对矿床流体包裹体类型、均一温度、盐度、密度及流体成分等物理化学性质进行研究,对矿床的成矿物质来源及成矿机理进行探讨,认为该矿床成矿流体为低温-低盐度-低密度流体,成矿深度为0.75~0.78 km,属浅成矿床。

Geochemistry of the Jinman Vein-Type Copper Deposit, Western Yunnan Province, China─Ⅰ.Element Geochemical Characteristics

The Jinmen copper deposit, which is situated on the northern margin of the Lanping-Simao back-arc basin, western Yunnan Province, is a silver-bearing, high-grade vein-typecopper deposit. Comprehensive element geochemical studies of the host rocks and hydrothermalminerals revealed the regularities in the distribution, mobilization and transport of elementsfrom the host rocks to hydrothermal minerals. In conunction with the fluid inclusion and isotope data, it is suggested that the ore-forming fluid was derived mainly from a deep sourcecharacterized by CO2 enrichment and reduction in nature. It is also suggested that the oreforming materials come largely from a deep sourcel although the contribution of the countryrocks should not be ruled out.It is also found that some hydrothermal minerals are possessed of MREE-enrichment patterns. It is deduced that the REEs in the deep-source ore fluid were transported in the form ofCO2-3 complexes and were deposited in a continental basin （or a hot-spring basin）.

新疆且末碧玉矿的成因研究

以往勘察和研究显示,在新疆和田及其附近地区主要出现与大理岩相关的软玉(和田玉)矿床,而与蛇纹岩有关的软玉(碧玉)矿床尚未有明确报道。笔者通过两年多的野外勘察和室内实验分析,新近在且末县阿尔金断裂附近发现一定规模可开采的碧玉矿床,对其中碧玉样品进行了主量元素、微量元素、电子探针、氧同位素和成矿年龄等方面的研究。岩相学研究显示其主要组成矿物是阳起石和透闪石,全岩的Mg/(Mg+Fe^(2+))=0.83~0.89,Cr_2O_3=0.08%~1.65%,Ni O=0.14%~0.22%,δ^(18)O=15.2‰~15.4‰,经与世界上已发现的碧玉矿床进行对比并结合野外观察,确定该矿床是一种与蛇纹岩有关的碧玉矿床。蚀变闪长岩(δ^(18)O=14.3‰~14.7‰)、大理岩围岩(δ^(18)O=15.2‰~15.9‰)和透闪石(δ^(18)O=15.3‰)具有相似的氧同位素组成,表明它们很可能经历了同样的流体蚀变作用。根据蚀变闪长岩(Cr=107×10^(-6)~155×10^(-6),Ni=53.5×10^(-6)~85.8×10^(-6))和大理岩(Cr=2 036×10^(-6)~2 415×10^(-6),Ni=1 403×10^(-6)~1 933×10^(-6))中的Cr、Ni元素含量判断,碧玉中大量的Cr(867×10^(-6)~2 418×10^(-6))和Ni(960×10^(-6)~1 662×10^(-6))很可能来自于蛇纹岩中的流体。对碧玉的主要围岩蚀变闪长岩进行的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测试结果分别为267±14 Ma(n=5)和272±14 Ma(n=6),与碧玉密切共生的黑云母的Ar-Ar坪年龄为260.6±1.5 Ma。鉴于蚀变闪长岩的形成时代与黑云母年龄数值在误差范围内一致,花岗岩、大理岩和碧玉的氧同位素值接近,同时碧玉的Cr、Ni元素含量较高,因此推断碧玉的物质来源很可能是蚀变闪长岩和大理岩,而成矿流体是由蚀变闪长岩中的岩浆水、蛇纹岩中活化的流体和大气降水组成。

甘肃干沙鄂博稀土矿床萤石成因研究

通过晚期与稀土元素矿化相关的萤石中流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温分析,以及萤石、矿石及碱性岩体的稀土及微量元素分析,系统地探讨了沙鄂博稀土矿床成矿流体的特征、成矿物质来源及萤石成因。与稀土矿化相关的晚期萤石中发育大量的熔体包裹体及流体-熔体包裹体,表明萤石归属于岩浆成因,同时表明成矿与岩浆作用有关。碱性斑岩体、晚期萤石和矿石的稀土元素具相似的配分模式,表现为向右陡倾的分配曲线。微量元素分析结果表明:含矿碱性岩体、晚期萤石和矿石均富集大离子亲石元素,并具明显的Ba, Th, Ce, Sr和Hf等负异常,微量元素蛛网图相似。含矿碱性岩体、矿石及与稀土矿化相关的萤石的稀土元素及微量元素的相似特征,表明成矿物质来自碱性岩体。通过包裹体、稀土与微量元素研究认为,干沙鄂博稀土矿床中萤石成因类型为岩浆成因非热液成因。

基于数值模拟验证的中药原生药粉制备微丸成型规律研究

目的探讨陈皮Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium、枳壳Aurantii Fructus、白芍Paeoniae Radix Alba、牡丹皮Moutan Cortex、木瓜Chaenomelis Fructus、干姜Zingiberis Rhizoma、菊花Chrysanthemi Flos、山药Dioscoreae Rhizoma这8种中药原生药粉制得的软材物理性质与微丸成型性的关系,为后续挤出滚圆制备微丸提供合理的处方依据。方法以微晶纤维素为载体,8种中药原生药粉为模型药,设置挤出机速度为60 r/min、滚圆机速度为1200 r/min,在30%载药量和4种加水量下制得32个处方的软材、挤出物和微丸,测定软材物理性质参数,得到微丸形态,采用数据统计软件分析软材物理性质和微丸形态间的关系,得到微丸成型性预测结果。基于枳壳的物理性质参数采用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)进行模拟验证,探讨微丸成型性预测结果的准确性。结果软材的物理性质和微丸的形态有一定的关系,以黏附性/内聚性(Ad/Co)为1级分类指标,硬度/弹性(Ha/Sp)为2级分类指标,硬度×内聚性(Ha×Co)为3级分类指标,黏附性(Ad)为4级分类指标,含水量为5级分类指标,可将微丸分为3类,该分类结果准确性为96.87%。基于中药枳壳物理性质参数的CFD结果表明该模拟结果与枳壳的微丸成型性预测结果相一致。结论该32个处方软材的物理性质与微丸的成型性有一定的相关性,CFD模拟进行微丸成型性的预测具有一定的可行性。

Pb isotope geochemistry of lead, zinc, gold and silver deposit clustered region, Liaodong rift zone,northeastern China

Pb isotopic analyses were reported for sulfide and hydrothermal carbonate minerals and marble of the Xiquegou lead-zinc, the Zhenzigou zinc-lead and the Gaojiapuzi silver deposits from the Qingchengzi ore field and the Beiwagou zinc-lead deposit in the west, Proterozoic Liaodong rift zone. Pb isotopic ratios of the marble from the Qingchengzi ore field range from 18.24 to 30.63 for 206 Pb/204Pb, 15.59 to 17.05 for207Pb/204Pb and 37.43 to 38.63 for 208Pb/204Pb. The marble gives a Pb-Pb isochron age of 1822±92 Ma, which is interpreted as the age of the metamorphism of the marble. Ore Pb, including Pb of sulfide and hydrothermal car- bonate minerals, from the Qingchengzi ore field shows limited variation with 206 Pb/204Pb=17.66- 17.96, 207 Pb/204Pb=15.60-15.74 and 208Pb/204Pb=37.94-38.60. In contrast, ore Pb from the Beiwagou deposit gives different Pb isotopic ratios with 206Pb/204Pb=15.68-15.81, 207 Pb/204Pb= 15.34-15.45 and 208Pb/204Pb=35.30-35.68. Pb of all deposits from the Liaodong rift zone is derived from the upper crust. Ore Pb of the Qingchengzi deposits is derived from a young upper crust. The model Th/U ratios of 4.40 to 4.74 for ore Pb are significantly different from that of 1.7 to 4.4 given by the marble of the Qingchengzi ore field, suggesting that marble is not the source of the ore Pb. Ore Pb of the Beiwagou deposit is extracted from its source and the deposit is formed at the Paleoproterozoic era. Different Pb isotopic ratios of the Qingchengzi ore field and the Beiwagou deposit are due to different ages of the deposits and suggest that the two types of deposits are derived from different sources and are possibly formed by different ore-forming processes.