Corrigendum to "Role of remote sensing,geographic bioinformatics system and bioinformatics in kala-azar epidemiology" [originally published as J Biomed Res 2011,25(6):373-384;doi:10.1016/S1674-8301(11)60050-X]

The author would like to inform the readers that the correct form of title ＂Role of remote sensing, geographic bioinformatics system and bioinformatics in kala-azar epidemiology＂ , content in ab-stract ＂The computational approaches like remote sensing, geographic information system （GIS） and bioinformatics are the key re-sources for the detection and distribution of vectors, patterns, ecologi- cal and environmental factors and genomic and proteomic analysis.＂, and keyword ＂geographical bioinformatics systems （GIS）＂ should be read as follows： title ＂Role of remote sensing, geographical bioinformation system and bioinformatics in kala-azar epidemiology＂, content in abstract ＂The com-putational approaches like remote sensing, geographical information system （GIS） and bioinformat-ics are the key re-sources for the detection and distribution of vectors, patterns, ecological and envi-ronmental factors and genomic and proteomic analysis.＂, and keyword ＂geographical bioinformation system （GIS） ＂.

“Original Affluent Society”翻译刍议——兼与丘延亮先生商榷

萨林斯提出的"Original Affluent Society"是一个非常重要的经济人类学概念。从人类学对狩猎采集社会认识与表述的演变过程来看,"original society"不应译为具有一定文化价值标准的"原初社会",而应译成较为中性的"初民社会"。就经济状况而言,狩猎采集社会在本质上不是"丰裕社会",而是物产相对丰富、目标和欲求非常有限的"富饶社会"。因此,"Original Affluent Society"译成"初民富饶社会"比译为"原初丰裕社会"妥当。

Imperial Leather Original皂用香精的仿制

介绍了Imperial Leather Original皂用香精的特点及其香韵组成,详细叙述了如何运用不同香韵的单体原料仿配该香精的过程。讨论了香精的稳定性试验和三角试验。

基于Origin的工科本科生科研能力培养与教育创新模式构建

Origin工具在工科本科生科研能力培养中的融入具有极其深远的意义和影响,也是促进教育模式创新的关键一环。Origin工具是一款强大的数据分析和绘图工具,能够有效实现数据的可视化,在激发学生学习热情的同时也能满足学生实际学习需求,强化教育的质量和成效。所以,论文围绕Origin工具在工科本科生科研能力培养中的融入进行了深层次的探索和研究,并且提出了推动工科本科生科研能力培养教育模式的创新对策,用以助力提升工科本科生人才培养质量,满足我国社会科学技术发展对于优秀人才的需求。

On the Relationship between the Original and the Translated Version——The Interpretation of Benjamin's Three Metaphors

This paper explores the relationship between the original and its translation by interpreting Benjamin's three metaphors from his The Translator's Task. The exploration starts with the metaphor of"the tangent of a circle",where it is interpreted that although the translated version should be faithful to its original in terms of meaning,yet it is a deviation due to different internal and external factors. Then,in the metaphor of"afterlife",the discussion demonstrates that the translated version proceeds from the original,but the original depends on it for its survival and afterlife in different eras. Later,based on the metaphor of"fragments of a vessel",the author states that the original and its translation are equal and complementary,just like the fragments of a vessel,responsible for the development and renewal of each other through translation. Finally,it is concluded that a better understanding of their relationship can offer us a new perspective in translation studies and practice.

Review on Connections for Original Bamboo Structures

Bamboo is a green construction material in line with sustainable development strategies.The use of raw bamboo in architecture has existed since ancient times.In the long development years of original bamboo buildings,many areas in the world gradually formed unique bamboo buildings,which have become an important local cultural feature.For building structures,joints are the key to ensure structural load transfer.Because of hollow and thin-walled material property of bamboo,the connection in raw bamboo buildings has always been a major difficulty and problem in the application of bamboo,which seriously hinders the development of original bamboo structures.In order to promote the use of raw bamboo,two traditional connection methods in raw bamboo structures are described in this paper firstly,with the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods pointed out.Also,research progress on four categories of raw bamboo building joints is described namely,bolt joints,steel member joints,filler reinforced joints and other types of joints.This work can provide a reference for future research and engineering applications.

Development of a Soil Stabilizer for Road Subgrade Based on Original Phosphogypsum

The research used industrial by-products original phosphogypsum(PG)as the main raw material,slag(SG)and Portland cement(PC)as auxiliary materials,and the optimal additive amount was determined according to the compressive strength value of the sample.Comprehensively evaluate the water resistance and volume stability of the samples,and determine the best formula for new roadbed stabilized materials.The results showed that when the weight ratio of PG,slag and cement was OPG:SG:PC=6:3:1,and mixed with 5%micro silica fume(MSF)and 3‰hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(HPMC),the sample’s comprehensive performance was the best,specifically,the sample’s compressive strength in 60 days reached 28.8 MPa,the softening coefficient reached 0.9,and the expansion rate was stable at about−0.2%.In addition,the mechanism of action of enhancers MSF and HPMC was analyzed according to use Vicat device,X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope.The best formula SP3GH3 has the best curing effect on soil.The 28-day unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of the sample reached 2.4 MPa,the expansion rate was less than 0.09%,and the water stability coefficient was above 0.79,which was higher than that of the samples cured by traditional cement and lime during the same period.

Influence of original microstructure on the transformation behavior and mechanical properties of ultra-high-strength TRIP-aided steel

The transformation behavior and tensile properties of an ultra-high-strength transformation-induced plasticity （TRIP） steel （0.2C-2.0Si-I.SMn） were investigated by different heat treatments for automobile applications. The results show that F-TRIP steel, a tradi- tional TRIP steel containing as-cold-rolled ferfite and pearlite as the original microstructure, consists of equiaxed grains of intercritical ferrite surrounded by discrete particles of M/RA and B. In contrast, M-TRIP steel, a modified TRiP-aided steel with martensite as the original mi- crostlucture, containing full martensite as the original microstructure is comprised of lath-shaped grains of ferrite separated by lath-shaped martensite/retained austenite and bainite. Most of the austenite in F-TRIP steel is granular, while the austenite in M-TRIP steel is lath-shaped. The volume fraction of the retained austenite as well as its carbon content is lower in F-TRIP steel than in M-TRIP steel, and austenite grains in M-TRIP steel are much finer than those in F-TRIP steel. Therefore, M-TRIP steel was concluded to have a higher austenite stability, re- sulting in a lower transformation rate and consequently contributing to a higher elongation compared to F-TRIP steel. Work hardening be- havior is also discussed for both types of steel.

O,H,and Sr isotope evidence for origin and mixing processes of the Gudui geothermal system,Himalayas,China

Tho Gudui geothermal field records the highest temperature at equivalent borehole depths among the lainland hydrothermal systems in China's Mainland.Located about 150 km southeast of Lhasa City,the capital of Tibet,the Gudui geothermal field belongs to the Sangri-Cuona rift belt,also known as the Sangri-Cuona geothermal belt,and is representative of the non-volcanic geothermal systems in the Himalayas.In this study,oxygen-18 and deuterium isotope compositions as well as 87Sr/86Sr ratios of water samples collected from the Gudui geothermal field were characterized to understand the origin and mixing processes of the geothermal fluids at Gudui.Hydrogen and oxygen isotope plots show both,deep and shallow reservoirs in the Gudui geothermal field.Deep geothermal fluids are the mixing product of magmatic and infiltrating snow-melt water.Calculations show that the magma fluid component of the deep geothermal fluids account for about 21.10%-24.04%;magma fluids lay also be a contributing source of lithium.The linear relationship of the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio versus the 1/Sr plot indicates that shallow geothermal fluids form from the mixing of deep geothermal fluids with cold groundwater.Using a binary mixing model with deep geothermal fluid and cold groundwater as two end-members,the nixing ratios of the latter in most surface hot springs samples were calculated to be between 5% and 10%.Combined with basic geological characteristics,hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics,strontium concentration,87Sr/(86)Sr ratios,and the binary mixing model,we infer the 6 th-Class Reservoirs Evolution Conceptual Model(6-CRECM) for the Gudui geothermal system.This model represents an idealized summary of the characteristics of the Gudui geothermal field based on our comprehensive understanding of the origin and mixing processes of the geothermal fluid in Gudui.This study may aid in identifying the geothermal and geochemical origin of the Gudui high-temperature hydrothermal systems in remote Tibet of China,whose potential for geothermal development and utilization is enormous and untapped.

The Original Organism Assemblages and Kerogen Carbon Isotopic Compositions of the Early Paleozoic Source Rocks in the Tarim Basin, China

Original organisms are the biological precursors of organic matter in source rocks. Original organisms in source rocks are informative for oil-source rock correlation and hydrocarbon potential evaluation, especially for source rocks which have high-over level of thermal maturity. Systematic identification of original organism assemblages of the Lower Paleozoic potential source rocks and detailed carbon isotopic composition of kerogen analyses were conducted for four outcrop sections in the Tarim basin. Results indicated that the original organism assemblages of the lower part of the Lower Cambrian were composed mainly of benthic algae, whereas those of the Upper Cambrian and the Ordovician were characterized by planktonic algae. Kerogen carbon isotopic data demonstrated that the δ13 Ckerogen values of source rocks dominated by benthic algae are lower than-34‰, whereas the δ13 Ckerogen values of source rocks dominated by planktonic algae are higher than-30‰ in general. We tentatively suggested that the carbon species those are utilized by algae and the carbon isotopic fractionation during photosynthesis are the major controls for the δ13 Ckerogen values in the Lower Paleozoic source rocks in the Tarim basin. Correlating the δ13 C values of oils exploited in the Tarim basin, the original organism assemblages, and δ13 Ckerogen values of source rocks, it implied that the Lower Paleozoic oils exploited in the Tarim basin should be sourced from the source rocks with original organism assemblages dominated by planktonic algae, and the hydrocarbon sourced from the Cambrian benthic algae should be of great exploration potential in future. Original organism assemblages in source rocks can provide important clues for oil-source rocks correlation, especially for the source rocks with high thermal maturity.

Galvanic coupling and its effect on origin potential flotation system of sulfide minerals

The galvanic coupling formed in origin potential flotation systems of sulfide minerals can be divided （into） three types: sulfide mineral-sulfide mineral-water system; sulfide mineral-steel ball-water system; and sulfide mineral-sulfide mineral-collector system. In this paper, taking lead, zinc, iron sulfide mineral systems for examples, several models of galvanic coupling were proposed and the effects of galvanic coupling on flotation were discussed. A galvanic contact between galena （or sphalerite） and pyrite contributes to decreasing the content of zinc in lead concentrate, and enhances remarkably the absorption of collector on the galena surface. During grinding, due to galvanic interactions between minerals and steel medium, Fe（OH）3 formed covers on the cathodic mineral surface, affecting its floatability.

Original potential flotation of galena and its industrial application

In the light of the knowledge gained by the study of electrochemical flotation for galena and selective flotation of galena from lead zinc iron sulfide ores, a technology for accurate potential control based on intrinsic electrochemical behavior in grinding flotation systems has been developed and is called "Original Potential Flotation (OPF)". The optimum conditions for the original potential flotation of galena from Pb Zn Fe sulfide ores are as follows: pH values of 12.5 12.8, potential of 150 180 mV and with diethyldithioncarbamate (DDTC) as collector. Lime is used as a regulator of pH, meanwhile, and can stabilize special potential very well, and this special potential is exactly the flotation potential of galena. This technology has been applied successfully in potential control flotation of galena in many complex lead zinc iron sulfide mines in China.

Source identification of nitrate in the upper aquifer system of the Wadi Shueib catchment area in Jordan based on stable isotope composition

Groundwater forms the main freshwater supply in arid and semi-arid areas,and contamination of this precious resource is complicated by the slow rate of recharge in these areas.Nitrate contamination of groundwater is a global water quality problem,as it entails threat to human health as well as aquatic ecosystems.Source identification of contamination is the cornerstone and a prerequisite for any effective management program of water quality.Stable isotope composition of the dissolved nitrate(δ^(15)N-NO_(3)-andδ^(18)O-NO_(3)-)has been applied to identify NO_(3)-sources and the main transformation processes in the upper aquifer system(A1/2,A4,and B2/A7 aquifers)in the Wadi Shueib catchment area,Jordan.Moreover,the stable isotope compositions of the groundwater(δ^(2)H-H_(2)O andδ^(18)O-H_(2)O)in conjunction with the groundwater hydrochemistry were integrated to investigate the origin and evolution of the groundwater.Results revealed that groundwater in the study area is fresh and hard-very hard water,and mainly a Ca-Mg-Cl type.NO_(3)-concentration was in the range of 7.0-74.0 mg/L with an average of 37.0 mg/L.Most of the samples showed concentration higher than the natural background concentration of NO_(3)-(5.0-10.0 mg/L).Theδ^(2)H-H_(2)O andδ^(18)O-H_(2)O values indicated that the groundwater is meteoric,and of Mediterranean origin,with a strong evaporation effect.Theδ^(15)N-NO_(3)-values ranged between 6.0‰and 11.3‰with an average of 8.7‰,and theδ^(18)O-NO_(3)-values ranged between 1.6‰and 5.9‰with an average of 3.4‰.These values are in conformity with the stable isotope composition of nitrate derived the nitrification of wastewater/manure,and soil NH4.Nitrification and denitrification are the main transformation processes affecting nitrogen species.Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in theδ^(2)H-H_(2)O andδ^(18)OH_(2)O values,andδ^(15)N-NO_(3)-andδ^(18)O-NO_(3)-values for the three aquifers(A1/2,A4,and B2/A7),indicating that the groundwater of these aquifers has the same origin,and a common source of pollution.

Study on Original Ecological Tridimensional Slope Vegetation

No matter from the perspective of slope protection, landscape effect and construction cost, or from the perspective of ecological benefit, the development of original ecological tridimensional vegetation has become the inevitable trend for slope vegetation in pursuit of protecting ecological condition, decreasing soil erosion, maintaining ecological balance and beautifying environment of slope. The concept of original ecological tridimensional slope vegetation is proposed in this paper, and the original ecological tridimensional slope vegetation is studied through theoretical analysis and experiments. Specifically, the mechanical effect of slope vegetation in reinforcing the cohesion and shear strength of soil mass is firstly discussed, and then experiments are performed to study the water interception and containing function of slope under various vegetation conditions. Moreover, the relation between soil moisture and cohesion, the relation between root distribution density and cohesion, and the relation between root distribution density and soil shear strength are also studied based on experiments.Finally, based on field observation, the soil erosion states of slope under various vegetation conditions are comparatively studied. It is found that the original ecological tridimensional slope, which combines grass,shrub and tree, can generate comprehensive slope protection effects, and hence strengthen the slope protection ability and bring multiple slope protection benefits. Thereby, the theoretical foundation for developing original ecological tridimensional slope vegetation is established.

A Probe into Reform of Rural Homestead Acquisition System

Using the methods of literature research,normative analysis,and empirical analysis,this study is intended to analyze the acquisition system of homestead in rural area of China.By adopting questionnaire survey and face-to-face interview,this study explores the problems of current homestead acquisition system and the dilemma of homestead management.The results indicate that homestead acquisition reform is the key aspect to the homestead management system reform.A new homestead acquisition system,which includes primitive acquisition,inheritance acquisition,and supporting system,is suggested in this study.The findings of this study will provide important policy implications for rural homestead system reform.The new homestead acquisition system could guarantee the farmers'property right and help improve social justice and rational utilization of nature resources.

Deep original information preservation by applying in-situ film formation technology during coring

Accurately obtaining the original information of an in-situ rock via coring is a significant guiding step for exploring and developing deep oil and gas resources.It is difficult for traditional coring technology and equipment to preserve the original information in deep rocks.This study develops a technology for insitu substance-preserved(ISP),moisture-preserved(IMP),and light-preserved(ILP)coring.This technology stores the original information in real time by forming a solid sealing film on the in-situ sample during coring.This study designed the ISP-IMP-ILP-Coring process and tool.In addition,an ISP-IMP-ILPCoring process simulation system was developed.The effects of temperature,pressure,and film thickness on the quality of the in-situ film were investigated by performing in-situ film-forming simulation experiments.A solid sealing film with a thickness of 2-3 mm can be formed;it completely covers the core sample and has uniform thickness.The film maintains good ISP-IMP-ILP properties and can protect the core sample in the in-situ environment steadily.This study verifies the feasibility of“film formation during coring”technology and provides strong support for the engineering application of ISP-IMP-ILPCoring technology.

Organics in the solar system

Complex organics are now commonly found in meteorites, comets, asteroids, planetary satellites and interplanetary dust particles. The chemical composition and possible origin of these organics are presented. Specifically, we discuss the possible link between Solar System organics and the complex organics synthesized during the late stages of stellar evolution. Implications of extraterrestrial organics on the origin of life on Earth and the possibility of existence of primordial organics on Earth are also discussed.

Original potential flotation technology for sulphide minerals

Original potential flotation (OPF) technology, which controls potential by chemical atomsphere resulted from various redox reactions in grinding flotation system, but neither through the use of redox reagents nor through the application of potentials from an external source, was proposed. For lead zinc iron sulphide minerals flotation system, the relationship among technological parameters such as pH, E op , collectors and flotaion time, was studied. The optimum conditions for the selective flotation of galena from the pb Zn Fe sulfide ores were: pH of 12.5～12.8,the pulp potential of 150～180 mV and with diethyldithioncarbamate (DDTC) as collector.

Blood extracellular vesicles (EVs) of central nervous system origin: a window into the brain

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are heterogeneous nano-sized vesicles of endocytic origin shed into blood and other body fluids such as urine,saliva,seminal fluid,ascites,amniotic liquid,synovial fluid,breast milk and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)by quite all cell types.EVs actively contribute to intercellular communication as they carry bioactive molecules that are selectively incorporated by the originating cell and are delivered to recipient cells over long and short distances(Simons and Raposo,2009).EVs can be divided into three main groups according to their size and cellular origin:1)exosomes(40–120 nm),that have an endocytic origin and are formed by inward budding of the limiting membrane of multivescicular bodies,which fuse with the plasma membrane and release exosomes into the extracellular space;2)microvesicles(50–1000 nm),budding directly off the plasma membrane;3)apoptotic bodies(>1000 nm),which are released during apoptosis.Besides originating via distinct processes,different subtypes of EVs carry different proteins within their membrane and luminal compartments that reflect the phenotype of the tissue of origin.

Stability of columns with original defects under periodic transient loadings

To study the influence of original defects on the dynamic stability of the columns under periodic transient loadings,the approximate solution method and the Fourier method of the stable periodic solution are adopted while considering the influence of original defects on columns.The dynamic stability of the columns under periodic transient loadings is analyzed theoretically.Through the study of different deflections,the dynamic instability of the columns is obtained by Maple software.The results of theoretical analysis show that the larger the original defects,the greater the unstable area,the stable solution amplitude of columns and the risk of instability caused by parametric resonance will be.The damping of columns is a vital factor in reducing dynamic instability at the same original defects.On the basis of the Mathieu-Hill equation,the relationship between the original defects and deflection is deduced,and the dynamic instability region of the columns under different original defects is obtained.Therefore,reducing the original defects of columns can further enhance the dynamic stability of the compressed columns in practical engineering.