Variety Selection and Green Cultivation Technology of Courtyard Ornamental and Edible Peppers

In order to comply with the development trend of the multifunctional use of peppers,we conducted an investigation into the characteristics and features of varieties,potting management techniques,and the methods of extending the fruit ornamental period and other aspects of courtyard ornamental and edible peppers.A set of cultivation techniques suitable for courtyard ornamental and edible peppers has been developed,including timely sowing and seedling,nutrient soil preparation,water and fertilizer management,trimming and pruning,preservation of flowers and fruits,green prevention and control of diseases and pests,harvesting,and so on.

The Language of Ornaments:An Anthropological Insight Into the Ethnic Ornaments of the Karbis of Assam,India

North Eastern region of India enjoys a place of pride in the whole of the country for its immensely rich assembly of tribal cultures.Among the prominent tribes of the region are the Karbis who possess unique traditions and cultures distinct from the other tribes.The Karbis are fond of ornaments and since the ancient day they have been using natural objects as ornaments,silver ornaments are used extensively by them.Preparation of different kinds of ornaments occupies an important part of material culture of the Karbis.Ornaments with distinctive colour,motifs,and designs not only reflect the cultural identity of the Karbis but are also indicative of the possession of rich cultural heritage and traditional knowledge.In this present endeavour,an attempt has been made to delineate the ethnic ornaments of the Karbis of Assam,India,along with the motifs of the designs in it which stands as one of the integral aspects of their cultural heritage.

High-throughput discovery of plastid genes causing albino phenotypes in ornamental chimeric plants

Chimeric plants composed of green and albino tissues have great ornamental value.To unveil the functional genes responsible for albino phenotypes in chimeric plants,we inspected the complete plastid genomes(plastomes)in green and albino leaf tissues from 23 ornamental chimeric plants belonging to 20 species,including monocots,dicots,and gymnosperms.In nine chimeric plants,plastomes were identical between green and albino tissues.Meanwhile,another 14 chimeric plants were heteroplasmic,showing a mutation between green and albino tissues.We identified 14 different point mutations in eight functional plastid genes related to plastid-encoded RNA polymerase(rpo)or photosystems which caused albinism in the chimeric plants.Among them,12 were deleterious mutations in the target genes,in which early termination appeared due to small deletion-mediated frameshift or single nucleotide substitution.Another was single nucleotide substitution in an intron of the ycf3 and the other was a missense mutation in coding region of the rpoC2 gene.We inspected chlorophyll structure,protein functional model of the rpoC2,and expression levels of the related genes in green and albino tissues of Reynoutria japonica.A single amino acid change,histidine-to-proline substitution,in the rpoC2 protein may destabilize the peripheral helix of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase,impairing the biosynthesis of the photosynthesis system in the albino tissue of R.japonica chimera plant.

Designing of future ornamental crops: a biotechnological driven perspective

With a basis in human appreciation of beauty and aesthetic values,the new era of ornamental crops is based on implementing innovative technologies and transforming symbols into tangible assets.Recent advances in plant biotechnology have attracted considerable scientific and industrial interest,particularly in terms ofmodifying desired plant traits and developing future ornamental crops.By utilizing omics approaches,genomic data,genetic engineering,and gene editing tools,scientists have successively explored the underlying molecular mechanism and potential gene(s)behind trait regulation such as floral induction,plant architecture,stress resistance,plasticity,adaptation,and phytoremediation in ornamental crop species.These signs of progress lay a theoretical and practical foundation for designing and enhancing the efficiency of ornamental plants for a wide range of applications.In this review,we briefly summarized the existing literature and advances in biotechnological approaches for the improvement of vital traits in ornamental plants.The future ornamental plants,such as light-emitting plants,biotic/abiotic stress detectors,and pollution abatement,and the introduction of new ornamental varieties via domestication of wild species are also discussed.

Application of Shrub Landscape on Campus from the Perspective of Ornamental Characteristics of Plants

In the campus greening design,the shrub height is generally consistent with people’s horizontal line of sight,which plays a significant role in people’s visual focus.From the perspective of ornamental characteristics of plants,the application of shrub landscape is explored in a campus environment.Based on the analysis of the selection,arrangement and maintenance of shrub plants in campus gardens,the application of shrub landscape on campus was evaluated comprehensively from the theoretical analysis of plant ornamental characteristics and campus shrub landscape.Based on the research background of the problems existing in the application of shrub landscape on campus,this paper first collected and sorted out the relevant theories extensively,and then conducted in-depth research on the relevant theories by using analysis methods such as literature data,field investigation and questionnaire survey.The results will provide a theoretical guidance and practical advocacy for campus garden planning and design,and help to create a livable and comfortable campus environment.It is hoped that the results will have some references for future campus shrub landscape and play a certain promoting role.

Book Review of A Rainbow in the Mountains:Dress of the Yao—A Guide to Traditional Yao Costumes and Ornaments

A Rainbow in the Mountains:Dress of the Yao,an album of pictures and texts on Yao clothing,the most comprehensive and systematic record of the dazzling costumes of the Yao ethnic minority which has been inscribed on the national intangible cultural heritage list of China since 2006,is of great academic value and practical significance to study the profound connotation of the Yao traditional culture.The various styles,colorful dress customs,and exquisite craftsmanship constitute the beautiful cultural landscape within the Yao ethnic minority,as well as the way to explore all the social aspects of the Yao ethnic minority.This book review aims to arouse the attention of all sectors of the community to the clothing of the Yao ethnic minority,which has met the greatest challenge of the collection and protection of the Yao costumes and ornaments.Thus it is expected to sort out and retain those precious records that have been drifting away via pictures and texts,which we have already started and will continue to do in accord with the national cultural development strategy.

Screening of Quality Ornamental Trees in Xinyang City

Located in the transitional area from subtropical zone to warm temperate zone,Xinyang City is endowed with rich plant resources.With the development of modem urban landscape architecture,Xinyang City has had increasing needs on quality ornamental tree species.In view of the badly-needed ornamental tree species of local landscaping,this paper screened 20 ornamental tree species from the previously-investigated ones,then applied Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) to establish the evaluation system according to ornamental characteristics of these species(such as flower color),and used this system to evaluate the preliminarily-chosen species,finally selected 7 species that can be widely applied,and 5 species that can be moderately applied.

Phytoremediation of urban wastewater by model wetlands with ornamental hydrophytes

Phytoremediation offers a cost-effective, non-intrusive, and safe alternative to conventional cleanup techniques. In this study, we used ornamental hydrophytes plants as constructed wetlands to treat urban or rural domestic wastewater. Most ornamental hydrophytes adapted to the wastewater well, and were fairly efficient in scavenging BOD5 （biological oxygen demand 5 d）, COD （chemical oxygen demand）, TN （total nitrogen）, TP （total phosphorus） and heavy metals （Cr, Pb, Cd） in the wastewater. However, the efficiency varied a lot for various species to different contaminants, Iris pseudacorus L. and Acorus gramineus Soland were good choices for treatment of composite-polluted urban wastewater. Some variation in the change of membrane peroxidation and endogenous protective system in responses to wastewater was found among six hydrophytes, which have a correlation with the efficiency of wastewater treatment. It may demonstrate that the developed antioxidative systems of L pseudacorus and A. gramineus contributed much to their superiority. On the other hand, interaction of different components in the wastewater might have certain effects on phytoremediation.

Evaluation of cold resistance of ornamental species for planting as urban rooftop greening

Rooftop gardening or green roof establishment, one of the methods of afforestation for urban greening, has many benefits for the environment, the economy and urban landscapes. Various environmental stresses including heat, strong wind, sunshine and cold prevent most plants from growing well in extensive green roof systems. For the establishment of urban rooftop gardening in Beijing, we evaluated 13 ornamental plant species [Berberis thunbergii ‘Atropurea Nana’, Euonymus fortune （Turcz.） Hand., Viburnum dilatatum Thunb., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Swida alba Opiz., Weigela florida （Bunge.） A. DC., Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl., Euonymus japonicus Thunb., Euonymus japonicus ‘Cuzhi’, Buddleja davidii Franch., Pyracantha fortuneana （Maxim.） Li., Ligustrum lucidum Ait. and Spiraea salicifolia L.] for greening of flat rooftops. We obtained three indices concerning cold resistance, i.e., electrical conductivity of leaves, amounts of soluble sugars and amounts of free proline, providing a theoretical basis for selection of plants fit for roof and balcony greening. The results show that the six species P. fortuneana （Maxim.） Li., B. thunbergii ‘Atropurea Nana’, J. nudiflorum Lindl., E. fortune （Turcz.） Hand., E. japonicus Thunb. and E. japonicus ‘Cuzhi’ are excellent plants for rooftop gardening, judging from their strong ability in cold resistance. Plants such as L. lucidum Ait., C. coggygria Scop. and W. florida （Bunge） A. DC. showed a medium ability in cold resistance. However, these species can be used in roof and balcony greening after intensive management or acclimatization of variety. The ability to resist cold of plants such as W. florida （Bunge） A. DC., S. salicifolia L., V. rhytidophyllum and S. alba Opiz. （Cornus alba L.） was found to be rather weak. Therefore, cold-proof measures are recommended when using these species.

Overview and detectability of the genetic modifications in ornamental plants

The market of ornamental plants is extremely competitive,and for many species genetic engineering can be used to introduce original traits of high commercial interest.However,very few genetically modified(GM)ornamental varieties have reached the market so far.Indeed,the authorization process required for such plants has a strong impact on the profitability of the development of such products.Considering the numerous scientific studies using genetic modification on ornamental species of interest,a lot of transformed material has been produced,could be of commercial interest and could therefore be unintentionally released on the market.The unintentional use of GM petunia in breeding programs has indeed recently been observed.This review lists scientific publications using GM ornamental plants and tries to identify whether these plants could be detected by molecular biology tools commonly used by control laboratories.

Resources of Colored-leaf Trees and Their Phenological Ornamental Characteristics in Lhasa City

By using biological five points,expert consultation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,the species,phenological ornamental characteristics,and landscape application of colored-leaf trees in Lhasa City were surveyed systematically. The results show that there are 42 species of colored-leaf trees in Lhasa City,belonging to 31 genera and 18 families,of which there are 5,19,and 18 species of spring,autumn,and common colored-leaf trees,accounting for 11.90%,45.24% and 42.86% of total number of the investigated tree species respectively. It is clearly seen that there are too few species of spring colored-leaf trees in the city. There are 19 and 17 species of trees possessing red and yellow leaves,while the leaves of other 6 species of colored-leaf trees are shown in other colors,and the number of their species accounts for 45.24%,40.48% and 14.28% of total number of the investigated tree species respectively. The best ornamental periods of spring,autumn and common colored-leaf trees in Lhasa City average 38.4,41.8 and 251.8 d respectively. Prunus cerasifera Ehrhar f. atropurpurea Rehd.,Ulmus pumila L.,Populus × beijingensis W. Y. Hsu,and Salix alba are applied most frequently in Lhasa City,and their relative frequency is 18.67%,10.29%,9.91% and 8.95% respectively. According to the comprehensive assessment value of their ornamental characteristics,the ornamental characteristics of 15 species of colored-leaf trees in Lhasa City are good or very good,and there is a positive correlation between the comprehensive assessment value and relative frequency. Based on the investigation,the current application situation and problems of colored-leaf trees in Lhasa City were analyzed,and solutions to the problems were proposed.

Main Varieties of Ornamental Peaches and Their Application in Shijiazhuang City

In order to comprehensively understand the varieties of ornamental peaches in Shijiazhuang City and their application status,a systematic survey was conducted on the ornamental peach varieties in Shijiazhuang.The results showed that there were 27 ornamental peach varieties in Shijiazhuang,including 1 species of mountain peach and 26 species of ornamental peaches.According to the systematic observation and analysis of their branch types,flower types,flower colors,and application frequency,the ornamental peaches in Shijiazhuang City belonged to the ecological northern peaches,which were characterized by early flowering phase,long flowering period,and rich flower color.Then problems existing in the application of ornamental peaches were explored,and corresponding solutions and suggestions were proposed.

Application of Ornamental Bamboos in Chengdu Wangjiang Park

To master the application of ornamental bamboos in landscape architecture, the authors investigated the application of ornamental bamboos in Wangjiang Park, Chengdu City, and analyzed problems in its plant application and management. Corresponding improvement suggestions were proposed to provide references for the reasonable application of ornamental bamboos in garden landscapes.

Efficacy Evaluation of 25% Abamectin·Etoxazole SC against Red Spider (Tetranychus cinnbarinus ) in Ornamental Rose

[Objective]The paper was to understand the control effect and the optimum dosage of 25% abamectin·etoxazole SC for controlling red spider in ornamental rose. [Method] Using stem-leaf spraying method,the control effect of 25% abamectin·etoxazole SC against red spider was determined. Significance of difference was examined by Duncan's new multiple range test( DMRT). [Result] The control effect of 25% abamectin · etoxazole SC sprayed at the dose of25-31. 25 mg a. i./kg on red spider was over 82. 0% at 21 d post spraying,higher than that of 110 g/L etoxazole SC sprayed at the dose of 27. 5 mg a. i./kg and1. 8% abamectin EC sprayed at the dose of 9 mg a. i./kg. [Conclusion]25% Abamectin·etoxazole SC sprayed at the doses of 25-31. 25 mg a. i./kg could effectively control the damage of red spider in ornamental rose,and can be widely used in production.

Evaluation of subtropical ornamental trees for reclaiming salinity affected lands

This study was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of 1-year-old seedlings of ten subtropical ornamental tree species against a range of salinity levels of Na Cl from May 2015 to October 2015. The levels were further enhanced from November to April 2017 as 100% survival was observed in the initial concentrations for all species.The seedlings were grown during the first week of April2015 in 1000 earthen pots containing soil: farmyard manure(2:1), irrigated with tap water for 1 month followed by saline irrigation in May by maintaining electrical conductivity at 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 2.25, and 3.00 d S/m for 30,40, 50, 60, 90, and 120 m M Na Cl. Every 3 months,heights, relative leaf water content, and percent survival were determined;total soluble sugars of the upper leaves of each tree were quantified. All species exhibited consistent early growth and survival when supplied with 30, 40, 50 and 60 m M of Na Cl. Koelreutaria paniculata, Ficus benjamina, Putranjiva roxburghii, Bauhinia purpurea and Millettia ovalifolia were sensitive to elevated salinity levels and did not survive at the highest salt concentrations of 90 and 120 m M.

Ornamental Grasses in Kew Gardens

Definition and ornamental characteristics of ornamental grasses,as well as a general background of Kew Gardens were introduced,with an emphasis of species and landscaping modes of ornamental grasses in Kew Gardens.

Introduction Performance and Application Evaluation of Leafy Ornamental Vegetables in Kunming City

[Objectives]This study was conducted to enrich the plant resource of ornamental vegetables in Kunming. [Methods]15 leafy vegetables were selected as test materials in this study. This study investigated the biological characteristics of the 15 ornamental vegetables by introduction trial and grey correlation analysis. In addition,we discussed the application of ornamental vegetables in urban agriculture. [Results]The grey correlation values of 11 ornamental vegetables were greater than 0. 6. The grey correlation values of other four ornamental vegetables were less than 0. 5. Among them,the grey correlation of Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla L. was 0. 94,which have the highest appreciation evaluation. The second appreciation evaluation belonged to rainbow leafy Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla L. with grey correlation of 0. 88. [Conclusions] In short,there are nine ornamental vegetables could be applied in the urban agriculture of Kunming,and there are six ornamental vegetables must be further investigated by cultivation experiment,to understand their cultivation characteristics and key points of management.

Application and Development of Ornamental Vines in Urban Gardens

Cultivated species and characters of the mostly-applied ornamental vines were introduced,such garden landscaping methods as pergola type,affiliated-to-wall type and hanging type as well as their respective landscape effects explored,current cultivation and problems analyzed.Development trend of ornamental vines in garden landscaping was defined,modeling arts of ornamental vines were stressed,ecological adaptability of these species studied,selection and cultivation of improved varieties enhanced,maintenance and management valued to promote vertical greening and increase urban green quantity.

Occurrence of Root-Knot and Reniform Nematodes in Ornamental Plants Grown in Aligarh Muslim University Campus, India

An extensive survey of about 50 ornamental plants growing in A.M.U. campus were carried out to find out the infection of root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) and reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis). Out of 50 species of ornamental plants studied, 29 species of these plants were found to be infected with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and 15 species were infected with reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis). The highest percentage of infection of root-knot nematodes was observed in Impatiens balsamina (100%) and reniform nematode was observed in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (56%). Among the Meloidogyne spp. the highest percentage of infection of M. incognita was observed in Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (80%) whereas, the highest percentage of infection of M. javanica and M. arenaria was observed in Mirabilis jalapa (72%) and Celosis cristata (28%).

Cost Optimisation for Minimizing the Visual Impact of Ornamental Stone Quarrying. A Case Study in Murcia Region

Quarrying of ornamental stone has adverse effects that are both visual and environmental. This paper aims to develop a methodology for minimising the costs associated with reducing the visual impact of ornamental stone quarrying. This study uses digital topographical maps of the study zone and a GPS and GIS application to calculate the extent of the area affected by quarrying activities for each altitude designated in the work plan and to calculate the extent of the potential visual impact. The results obtained applying the proposed methodology for the selected area suggested that the potential visual impact is minimal for an altitude of 520 metres, this being the optimal point for the observer. When altitude increases, the potential visual impact increases and the optimal point for the observer diminishes until the highest impact altitude (740 m) is readied. The optimal point that the exploitation should reach is that at which the values of the diagram generated by the (%) area of potential visual impact and area of exploitation (%) intersect. The methodology allows the optimal altitude to be determined for mining exploitations and helps assess the viability of a given exploitation from an environmental point of view.