Location-based prediction model for Crohn’s disease regarding a novel serological marker,anti-chitinase 3-like 1 autoantibodies

BACKGROUND Defective neutrophil regulation in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is thought to play an important role in the onset or manifestation of IBD,as it could lead to damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier by the infiltration of neutrophils in the inflamed mucosa and the accumulation of pathogens.Like neutrophils in the context of innate immune responses,immunoglobulin A(IgA)as an acquired immune response partakes in the defense of the intestinal epithelium.Under normal conditions,IgA contributes to the elimination of microbes,but in connection with the loss of tolerance to chitinase 3-like 1(CHI3L1)in IBD,IgA could participate in CHI3L1-mediated improved adhesion and invasion of potentially pathogenic microorganisms.The tolerance brake to CHI3L1 and the occurrence of IgA autoantibodies to this particular target,the exact role and underlying mechanisms of CHI3L1 in the pathogenesis of IBD are still unclear.AIM To determine the predictive potential of Ig subtypes of a novel serological marker,anti-CHI3L1 autoantibodies(aCHI3L1)in determining the disease phenotype,therapeutic strategy and long-term disease course in a prospective referral cohort of adult IBD patients.METHODS Sera of 257 Crohn’s disease(CD)and 180 ulcerative colitis(UC)patients from a tertiary IBD referral center of Hungary(Division of Gastroenterology,Department of Internal Medicine,Faculty of Medicine,University of Debrecen)were assayed for IgG,IgA,and secretory IgA(sIgA)type aCHI3L1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant CHI3L1,along with 86 healthy controls(HCONT).RESULTS The IgA type was more prevalent in CD than in UC(29.2%vs 11.1%)or HCONT(2.83%;P<0.0001 for both).However,sIgA subtype aCHI3L1 positivity was higher in both CD and UC patients than in HCONT(39.3%and 32.8%vs 4.65%,respectively;P<0.0001).The presence of both IgA and sIgA aCHI3L1 antibodies was associated with colonic involvement(P<0.0001 and P=0.038,respectively)in patients with CD.Complicated disease behavior at sample procurement was associated with aCHI3L1 sIgA positivity(57.1%vs 36.0%,P=0.009).IgA type aCH3L1 was more prevalent in patients with frequent relapse during the disease course in the CD group(46.9%vs 25.7%,P=0.005).In a group of patients with concomitant presence of pure inflammatory luminal disease and colon involvement at the time of diagnosis,positivity for IgA or sIgA type aCH3L1 predicted faster progression towards a complicated disease course in time-dependent models.This association disappeared after merging subgroups of different disease locations.CONCLUSION CHI3L1 is a novel neutrophil autoantigenic target in IBD.The consideration of antibody classes along with location-based prediction may transform the future of serology in IBD.

ORM1-like3基因单核苷酸多态性与客家人群哮喘发病的关系

目的 探讨ORM1-like 3基因的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）与客家人群哮喘发病的相关性.方法 选取确诊的客家人群哮喘患者194例（哮喘组）和同期健康查体者200例（对照组）为研究对象,利用MassARRAY-IPLEX技术和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱平台对ORM1-like 3基因的6个SNPs位点进行基因分型.结果 哮喘组与对照组的性别（χ^2＝0.013,P=0.909）和年龄（t=0.728,P=0.259）差异均无统计学意义.与对照组相比,哮喘组嗜酸性粒细胞计数（Z=-5.670,P=0.000）和IgE（Z=-9.158,P=0.000）明显升高,CRP水平（Z=-1.716,P=0.086）差异无统计学意义,吸入性过敏原（χ^2＝55.452,P=0.000）和食物过敏原（χ^2＝12.853,P=0.000）检出率明显升高.单纯哮喘组与哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎组比较,除rs3859192差异有统计学意义（χ^2＝6.659,P=0.036）外,其余5个位点差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.总的基因型分型成功率为97.34%.与对照组相比,哮喘组rs7216389的等位基因分布（χ^2=7.103,P=0.008）和基因型分布（χ^2=7.695,P=0.021）差异均有统计学意义,但进行Bonferroni校正后基因型分布差异无统计学意义（Pc=0.126）.与对照组比较,哮喘组rs12603332、rs8069176和rs3859192的等位基因分布（χ^2=2.119,P=0.145;χ^2=2.167,P=0.141;χ^2=0.026,P=0.871）和基因型分布（χ^2=2.197,P=0.333;χ^2=5.686,P=0.058;χ^2=5.052,P=0.080）差异均无统计学意义.与对照组比较,哮喘组rs2305480和rs4795400的等位基因分布（χ^2=14.722,P=0.000;χ^2=10.417,P=0.001）和基因型分布（χ^2=12.351,P=0.002;χ^2=12.271,P=0.002）差异均有统计学意义,进行Bonferroni校正后两组间差异仍均有统计学意义（Pc=0.012;Pc=0.012）.与CC基因型相比,rs2305480的CT、TT基因型显著增加哮喘发生的危险性（P=0.033,P=0.003）,OR值（95% CI）分别为1.763（1.044～2.978）和5.681（1.600～20.171）,CT＋TT基因型增加哮喘的发生,OR值（95% CI）为2.130（1.306～3.475）.与TT基因型相比,rs4795400的CT基因型不增加哮喘发生的危险性（P=0.059）,而CC基因型显著增加哮喘发生的危险性（P=0.002）,OR值（95% CI）为4.440（1.600～12.316）.在82例初次确诊的哮喘患者中,与CC基因型相比,rs2305480的CT＋TT基因型的FVC占预计值百分比和FEV1占预计值百分比下降明显（均P〈0.05）.与TT＋CT基因型相比,rs4795400的CC基因型的FVC占预计值百分比和FEV1占预计值百分比下降亦明显（均P〈0.05）;rs2305480的基因型分布在初诊哮喘的病情严重程度不同分级之间差异无统计学意义（χ^2=2.130,P=0.144）,rs4795400差异有统计学意义（χ^2=9.522,P=0.002）.结论 ORM1-like 3基因的rs2305480和rs4795400位点与客家人群哮喘的发病有关,它们的基因型分布可能影响初诊哮喘患者的肺功能,而且rs4795400可能与病情严重程度有关.

Chitinase 3-like 1基因-329 G/A多态性与冠心病相关性的研究

目的:探讨Chitinase 3-like 1基因-329 G/A多态性(rs10399931)与中国汉族人群冠心病的相关性。方法:收集189例冠心病患者的临床资料,应用连接酶检测反应(LDR)分析rs10399931各基因型,并与230例非冠心病者(对照组)进行比较。冠心病组按照发病年龄分为早发冠心病组(男性<55岁,女性<65岁)与非早发冠心病组,按照冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的支数分为1、2、3支血管病变亚组进行分析。结果:冠心病组与对照组rs10399931均存在CC、CT和TT 3种基因型;冠心病组与对照组CC、CT和TT基因型频率分别为39.7%、46.0%、16.3%及43.0%、43.9%、13.0%,C、T等位基因频率分别为62.7%、37.3%和65.0%、35.0%,两组间各基因型及等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。早发冠心病组、非早发冠心病组及对照组间rs10399931各基因型及等位基因频率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。1、2、3支冠状动脉病变亚组间rs10399931各基因型分布频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Chitinase 3-like 1基因-329 G/A多态性与汉族冠心病发病无相关性。

Plasma chitinase 3-like 1 is persistently elevated during first month after minimally invasive colorectal cancer resection

AIM: To assess blood chitinase 3-like 1(CHi3L1) levels for 2 mo after minimally invasive colorectal resection(MICR) for colorectal cancer(CRC). METHODS: CRC patients in an Institutional Review Board approved data/plasma bank who underwent elective MICR for whom preoperative(PreO p), early postoperative(PostO p), and 1 or more late PostO p samples [postoperative day(POD) 7-27] available were included. Plasma CHi3L1 levels(ng/m L) were determined in duplicate by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: PreOp and PostOp plasma sample were available for 80 MICR cancer patients for the study. The median PreOp CHi3L1 level was 56.8 CI: 41.9-78.6 ng/mL(n = 80). Significantly elevated(P < 0.001) median plasma levels(ng/mL) over PreOp levels were detected on POD1(667.7 CI: 495.7, 771.7; n = 79), POD 3(132.6 CI: 95.5, 173.7; n = 76), POD7-13(96.4 CI: 67.7, 136.9; n = 62), POD14-20(101.4 CI: 80.7, 287.4; n = 22), and POD 21-27(98.1 CI: 66.8, 137.4; n = 20, P = 0.001). No significant difference in plasma levels were noted on POD27-41. CONCLUSION: Plasma CHi3L1 levels were significantly elevated for one month after MICR. Persistently elevated plasma CHi3L1 may support the growth of residual tumor and metastasis.

Serum chitinase-3-like protein 1 is a biomarker of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B in China

Background:Serum chitinase-3-like protein 1(CHI3L1)is a potential biomarker for fibrosis assessment.We aimed to evaluate serum CHI3L1 as a noninvasive diagnostic marker for chronic hepatitis B virusrelated fibrosis.Methods:Serum CHI3L1 levels were measured by ELISA in 134 chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients.Significant fibrosis was defined as a liver stiffness>9.7 kPa.The performance of CHI3L1 was assessed and compared to that of other noninvasive tests by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis.Results:Serum CHI3L1 levels were significantly higher in CHB patients with significant hepatic fibrosis(≥F2)than in those without significant hepatic fibrosis(<F2)(56.5 ng/mL vs.81.9 ng/mL,P<0.001).In CHB patients,the specificity and sensitivity of CHI3L1 for predicting significant fibrosis were 75.6%and 59.1%,respectively,with a cut-off of 76.0 ng/mL and an area under the ROC curve of 0.728(95%CI:0.637–0.820).Conclusions:Serum CHI3L1 levels could be an effective new serological biomarker for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.Moreover,CHI3L1 is feasible in monitoring disease progression.

AmphiSox1/2/3-like基因的系统进化学分析和在文昌鱼胚胎发育中的表达

为了研究文昌鱼胚胎发育中神经管发育的分子机制和脊椎动物中枢神经系统的起源,我们筛选和分析了与佛罗里达文昌鱼AmphiSox1/2/3基因同源的青岛文昌鱼AmphiSox1/2/3-like 基因,对其推测的氨基酸序列与17个脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的同源基因进行了系统的进化学分析,并利用胚胎整体原位杂交技术结合系列组织学切片技术,对该基因在青岛文昌鱼胚胎发育中的时空表达模式进行了系统的研究.AmphiSox1/2/3-like在原肠胚早中期开始在背部上胚层和预定神经外胚层中明显表达.在神经胚早期其表达定位于神经板.此后,表达区域位于形成中的神经管和胚胎中、后部分化中的神经管的两侧,其表达的水平从前向后逐渐下调和终止.此外,该基因在神经胚晚期和幼虫期的消化道壁中也有明显表达.研究结果显示,该基因与文昌鱼的神经分化和消化道分化密切相关.

Chitinase 3-like 1 secreted by peritumoral macrophages in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a favorable prognostic factor for survival

AIM To identify whether chitinase 3-like 1(CHI3 L1) serves as a suitable biomarker for the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) and to analyze this protein's cellular source.METHODS An ELISA was conducted to detect the concentration of CHI3 L1 in the serum of 150 ESCC patients diagnosed between January 2001 and February 2005. The prognostic relevance of CHI3 L1 was evaluated by a Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. The immunohistochemistry was reanalyzed,and fluorescent staining was utilized to explore the cellular origins of CHI3 L1. We stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages(MDMs) with either IL-6 or the supernatant of the ESCC cell line Eca-109 and later investigated the level of CHI3 L1 by q PCR and ELISA.RESULTS The level of serum CHI3 L1 was higher in older patients(≥ 60) than in patients under the age of 60(P = 0.001). The patients with higher levels of CHI3 L1 had a significantly shorter overall survival,whereas the traditional markers,carcinoembryonic antigen and squamous cell carcinoma antigen,were less effective(P > 0.05). A multivariate Cox analysis(P = 0.001) indicated that CHI3 L1 was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients. Peritumoral macrophages in ESCC exhibited high levels of CHI3 L1. Interleukin-6(IL-6) and the supernatant of Eca-109 containing IL-6 stimulated MDMs to secrete CHI3 L1. The serum concentration of CHI3 L1 in the ESCC patients showed a weak correlation with the laboratory inflammatory parameters neutrophil(NEU,P = 0.045),neutrophil/lymphocyte rate(NLR,P = 0.016),and C-reactive protein(CRP,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION Our study first established a connection between the pretreated CHI3 L1 and patients with ESCC,and the serum CHI3 L1 was primarily secreted by ESCC-surrounded macrophages.

血清ORMDL3结合FeNO对哮喘稳定期急性发作的预测分析

目的 分析血清类黏蛋白1样蛋白3(ORMDL3)结合呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)对哮喘稳定期急性发作的预测价值。方法 选择2018年7月—2023年8月在本院门诊随访的120例哮喘稳定期患者作为疾病组,另同期选取120名健康体检者作为对照组,检测两组ORMDL3 mRNA表达量和FeNO浓度。依据疾病组3个月内是否出现哮喘急性发作将其分为急性发作组和非急性发作组,比较两组患者ORMDL3 mRNA表达量和FeNO浓度,采用多因素Logistic回归分析哮喘稳定期急性发作的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析ORMDL3 mRNA、FeNO单项及联合对哮喘稳定期急性发作的预测价值。结果 疾病组ORMDL3 mRNA表达量、FeNO浓度均高于对照组(P<0.05);急性发作组ORMDL3 mRNA表达量、FeNO浓度、体质量指数(BMI)以及吸烟史占比均高于非急性发作组(P<0.05),淋巴细胞计数、用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC%)、第一秒用力呼气末容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%)低于非急性发作组(P<0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高ORMDL3 mRNA、高FeNO、高BMI均为哮喘稳定期患者急性发作的危险因素(P<0.05),高FVC%、高FEVI%为其保护因素(P<0.05)。ORMDL3 mRNA、FeNO联合预测哮喘稳定期患者急性发作的灵敏度高于单独预测,联合预测的AUC高于单独预测(P<0.05),联合预测的特异度与单独预测相近。结论 ORMDL3、FeNO均在哮喘稳定期急性发作患者中存在异常高表达,均是哮喘稳定期急性发作的影响因素,且两者联合对哮喘稳定期急性发作具有较好的预测价值。

<3岁反复喘息患儿外周血血清ORMDL3基因在不同临床表型中的表达及其与IL-17和ECP的关系

目的探讨<3岁反复喘息患儿外周血血清类黏蛋白1样蛋白3(ORMDL3)基因在不同临床表型中的表达及其与血清白介素-17(IL-17)和嗜酸性细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)的关系。方法选取该院儿科就诊<3岁反复哮喘的患儿87例,根据患儿是否存在高危因素分成特应性哮喘组(64例)和非特应性哮喘组(23例),再选取同期在儿科体检的健康儿童30例。分析3组研究对象ORMDL3基因表达水平、血清IL-17和ECP含量和ORMDL3基因频率分布的差异,并对3组研究对象ORMDL3基因表达水平和血清IL-17和ECP含量的相关性进行分析。结果特应性哮喘组ORMDL3基因表达水平(11.57±1.96)%,血清IL-17(1 354.46±873.48)pg/ml和血清ECP(45.65±12.76)μg/L均高于非特应性哮喘组和对照组(P=0.000);3组的ORMDL3基因AA、AG和GG 3种基因型的频率分布差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.84,P=0.012)。特应性哮喘组的ORMDL3基因表达水平与血清IL-17(r=0.318,P=0.000)、血清ECP(r=0.540,P=0.000)均呈正相关。结论不同临床类型的哮喘患儿血清中的ORMDL3基因表达水平、IL-17和ECP含量不同。特应性哮喘患儿的血清ORMDL3基因表达水平与血清IL-17、ECP含量存在正相关性。

血清类黏蛋白1样蛋白3表达与5岁以下儿童喘息的相关性分析

目的探讨血清类黏蛋白1样蛋白3(ORMDL3)基因表达量与5岁以下儿童喘息的相关性。方法选取2013年8月—2014年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院南院儿科就诊的89例5岁以下喘息患儿,依据哮喘预测指数(API)严格标准分为API^+(过去1年内喘息次数≥4)组(n=42)和API-(过去1年内喘息次数1~3次)组(n=47);另设API0(5岁以下健康儿童)对照组(n=51)。检测3组血清ORMDL3基因表达量,分析血清ORMDL3表达水平与API、喘息、鼻炎、总免疫球蛋白E(TIg E)、家族史、湿疹、年龄、尘螨等吸入性过敏原及牛奶等摄入性过敏原的相关性。结果 API^+组患者血清ORMDL3表达水平显著高于API-和API0组。ORMDL3表达水平与API(r=0.405,P=0.000)、喘息(r=0.492,P=0.000)、湿疹(r=0.454,P=0.000)、户尘螨(r=0.298,P=0.000)、狗毛皮屑(r=0.251,P=0.000)和TIg E(r=0.170,P=0.002)存在正相关;与性别、家族史、鼻炎、年龄、屋尘螨、猫毛皮屑、树木、点青/分枝/烟曲/黑曲/交链霉及饮食因素(牛奶、鸡蛋白、牛肉、腰果、蟹、虾)不存在相关性(P>0.05)。结论 ORMDL3基因表达量与儿童API之间呈正相关,提示ORMDL3表达量与API相结合可作为诊断5岁以下儿童哮喘的诊断依据之一。

外周血类黏蛋白1样蛋白3水平与过敏性哮喘患儿Th1/Th2平衡的关系

目的探讨外周血类黏蛋白1样蛋白3(ORMDL3)水平与过敏性哮喘(AA)患儿Th1/Th2平衡的关系。方法选取64例AA患儿为AA组,另选取48例同时期体检健康儿童为对照组;检测两组血清Ig E、嗜酸性粒细胞比率(EOSR),外周血ORMDL3 m RNA、Th1/Th2水平,以及呼出气一氧化氮(Fe NO)、达峰容积比(VPEF/VE)、达峰时间比(TPTEF/TE)。Pearson相关性分析AA组外周血ORMDL3 m RNA与Th1/Th2水平及两者与Ig E、EOSR、Fe NO、VPEF/VE、TPTEF/TE的相关性,多因素Logistics回归分析AA危险因素。结果AA组血清Ig E、EOSR、Fe NO和外周血ORMDL3 m RNA、Th2水平高于对照组,VPEF/VE、TPTEF/TE、Th2水平和Th1/Th2低于对照组(P均<0.05);AA患儿外周血ORMDL3 m RNA与Th1/Th2水平呈负相关(r=-7.103,P<0.05)。外周血ORMDL3 m RNA水平与Ig E、EOSR、Fe NO呈正相关,与VPEF/VE、TPTEF/TE呈负相关(P均<0.05),Th1/Th2水平与Ig E、EOSR、Fe NO呈负相关,与VPEF/VE、TPTEF/TE呈正相关(P均<0.05)。多因素Logistics回归分析显示,Ig E(OR=1.103,95%CI=1.019~1.193)和ORMDL3 m RNA(OR=13.697,95%CI=2.203~15.161)为AA发生独立危险因素,Th1/Th2(OR=0.040,95%CI=0.004~0.396)为保护因素(P均<0.05)。结论AA患儿外周血ORMDL3 m RNA水平明显升高,Th1/Th2处失衡状态,二者可作为评估AA病情的指标。

99例哮喘儿童ORMDL3基因多态性及其与血清IgE水平的关联性

目的探讨血清类黏蛋白1样蛋白3(ORMDL3)基因多态性与儿童哮喘易感性及与血清免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平的关系。方法选取首诊哮喘的患儿99例为哮喘组,另选取同期健康儿童51例为对照组;采用PCR-Sanger测序对ORMDL3基因rs7216389位点进行基因分型,散射比浊法测定血清IgE水平,比较rs7216389基因型在两组间的分布差异,采用共显性、显性和隐性3种遗传模型分析血清IgE水平。结果rs7216389位点哮喘组TC、TT基因型频率高于对照组(P<0.05),相比CC基因型,TT、TC基因型儿童患哮喘的风险分别增加7.500倍、8.094倍(P<0.05);哮喘组共显性遗传模型TT基因型的IgE水平高于TC基因型(P<0.05);隐性遗传模型TT基因型的IgE水平高于CC+TC基因型(P<0.05);哮喘组显性遗传模型、对照组3种遗传模型IgE比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ORMDL3 rs7216389多态性可能与儿童哮喘患病风险有关,TC、TT基因型可能是儿童哮喘患病的风险因子;哮喘儿童rs7216389位点的基因型与血清IgE水平有关。

RAVL1 Activates IDD3 to Negatively Regulate Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight Disease

Sheath blight disease (ShB) has a severe impact on the production of rice. ABI3/VP1-like 1(RAVL1) negatively regulated the rice defense mechanism against ShB, however, this regulatorymechanism is not clearly understood. In this study, we identified that indeterminate domain 3 (IDD3) waspositively regulated by RAVL1. Further, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, yeast one-hybridassay and transient expression assay indicated a direct binding between RAVL1 and the IDD3 promoterregion. IDD3 was ubiquitously expressed in different tissues and at different stages, and its expressionwas significantly enhanced by Rhizoctonia solani infection. IDD3 exhibited transcription activation activityin yeast and IDD3-GFP was found to be localized in the nucleus. IDD3 mutants exhibited no significantdifferences in response to ShB, while IDD3 overexpressors were more susceptible to ShB compared withwild type (WT) plants. Furthermore, IDD3 repressors were less susceptible to R. solani than WT plants.Interestingly, the expression of brassinosteroid-related genes (D2, D11 and BRI1) was lower in IDD3repressors and higher in IDD3 overexpressors compared with WT. However, the ChIP assay revealedthat IDD3 did not directly bind to the D2 and D11 promoters. Overexpression of IDD3 in BRI1 mutantd61-1 inhibited the activity of IDD3, reducing its susceptibility to ShB compared with IDD3 overexpressorand WT plants, indicating that IDD3 negatively regulated the rice defense mechanism against ShB by activatingthe BR signaling pathway. Thus, our analyses provided information to enhance the understanding of therice defense mechanism against ShB.

一种Th1-like调节性T细胞新亚群

本文描述了一种独特的调节性T细胞亚群——Th1-like调节性T细胞,这类细胞是卵清蛋白特异性的调节性T细胞,经CD8α+DC诱导产生,其表达的表面标志与Th1细胞和调节性T细胞均有相似之处,既表达Th1细胞的特异性标志T-bet,又表达调节性T细胞的特异性标志Foxp3。Th1-like调节性T细胞分泌IL-10、IFN-γ等细胞因子,这些细胞因子在免疫抑制与平衡中发挥重要作用。Th1-like调节性T细胞主要作用于呼吸道,对气道超反应呈现显著抑制作用。

Evaluation of IFIT3 and ORM1 as Biomarkers for Discriminating Active Tuberculosis from Latent Infection

Objective Current commercially available immunological tests cannot be used for discriminating active tuberculosis(TB)from latent TB infection.To evaluate the value of biomarker candidates in the diagnosis of active TB,this study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)between patients with active TB and individuals with latent TB infection by transcriptome sequencing.Methods The differentially expressed genes in unstimulated PBMCs and in Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)antigen-stimulated PBMCs from patients with active TB and individuals with latent TB infection were identified by transcriptome sequencing.Selected candidate genes were evaluated in cohorts consisting of 110 patients with TB,30 individuals with latent TB infections,and 50 healthy controls by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to calculate the diagnostic value of the biomarker candidates.Results Among the differentially expressed genes in PBMCs without Mtb antigen stimulation,interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3(IFIT3)had the highest area under curve(AUC)value(0.918,95%CI:0.852-0.984,P<0.0001)in discriminating patients with active TB from individuals with latent TB infection,with a sensitivity of 91.86%and a specificity of 84.00%.In Mtb antigen-stimulated PBMCs,orosomucoid 1(ORM1)had a high AUC value(0.833,95%CI:0.752-0.915,P<0.0001),with a sensitivity of 81.94%and a specificity of 70.00%.Conclusion IFIT3 and ORM1 might be potential biomarkers for discriminating active TB from latent TB infection.

Evaluation of trabecular meshwork-specific promoters in vitro and in vivo using scAAV2 vectors expressing C3 transferase

AIM:To evaluate the potential of two trabecular meshwork(TM)-specific promoters,Chitinase 3-like 1(Ch3L1)and matrix gla protein(MGP),for improving specificity and safety in glaucoma gene therapy based on self-complementary AAV2(scAAV2)vector technologies.METHODS:An scAAV2 vector with C3 transferase(C3)as the reporter gene(scAAV2-C3)was selected.The scAAV2-C3 vectors were driven by Ch3L1(scAAV2-Ch3L1-C3),MGP(scAAV2-MGP-C3),enhanced MGP(scAAV2-eMGP-C3)and cytomegalovirus(scAAV2-CMV-C3),respectively.The cultured primary human TM cells were treated with each vector at different multiplicities of infections.Changes in cell morphology were observed by phase contrast microscopy.Actin stress fibers and Rho GTPases/Rho-associated protein kinase pathway-related molecules were assessed by immunofluorescence staining,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Each vector was injected intracamerally into the one eye of each rat at low and high doses respectively.In vivo green fluorescence was visualized by a Micron III Retinal Imaging Microscope.Intraocular pressure(IOP)was monitored using a rebound tonometer.Ocular responses were evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy.Ocular histopathology analysis was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining.RESULTS:In TM cell culture studies,the vectormediated C3 expression induced morphologic changes,disruption of actin cytoskeleton and reduction of fibronectin expression in TM cells by inhibiting the Rho GTPases/Rhoassociated protein kinase signaling pathway.At the same dose,these changes were significant in TM cells treated with scAAV2-CMV-C3 or scAAV2-Ch3L1-C3,but not in cells treated with scAAV2-eMGP-C3 or scAAV2-MGP-C3.At lowinjected dose,the IOP was significantly decreased in the scAAV2-Ch3L1-C3-injected eyes but not in scAAV2-MGPC3-injected and scAAV2-eMGP-C3-injected eyes.At highinjected dose,significant IOP reduction was observed in the scAAV2-eMGP-C3-injected eyes but not in scAAV2-MGP-C3-injected eyes.Similar to scAAV2-CMV-C3,scAAV2-Ch3L1-C3 vector showed efficient transduction both in the TM and corneal endothelium.In anterior segment tissues of scAAV2-eMGP-C3-injected eyes,no obvious morphological changes were found except for the TM.Inflammation was absent.CONCLUSION:In scAAV2-transduced TM cells,the promoter-driven efficiency of Ch3L1 is close to that of cytomegalovirus,but obviously higher than that of MGP.In the anterior chamber of rat eye,the transgene expression pattern of scAAV2 vector is presumably affected by MGP promoter,but not by Ch3L1 promoter.These findings would provide a useful reference for improvement of specificity and safety in glaucoma gene therapy using scAAV2 vector.

中国罕见A组轮状病毒DS-1样G3P[8]的全基因组分子特征分析

目的对2021年采集于我国福建的A组轮状病毒(group A rotavirus,RVA)G3P[8]毒株FJ21351116进行全基因组分子特征分析。方法使用高灵敏度A组轮状病毒全基因组测序方法对FJ21351116进行全基因组测序。用MEGA11.0、Geneious9.0.2和DNASTAR软件通过核酸序列分析评估病毒的基因组特征。使用BioEdit v.7.0.9.0和PyMOL v.2.5.2分析VP7和VP4(VP8*)的中和表位。结果我国福建RVA毒株FJ21351116基因型为G3-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2,系统进化分析显示,FJ21351116株的VP7、VP4、VP3、NSP2-NSP5基因与近几年日本检测到的马样DS-1样G3P[8]基因存在亲缘关系。而VP6、VP1、VP2、NSP1基因与大部分国家G2P[4]的相应基因亲缘关系近,特别是新加坡,表明该毒株是马样G3P[8]毒株与G2P[4]毒株共感染过程中通过基因重配形成的。FJ21351116的VP7/VP4基因与Rotarix和RotaTeq疫苗的进化分析表明,VP7和VP4(VP8*)中和抗原表位与疫苗氨基酸位点均存在多个突变。推测Rotarix和RotaTeq疫苗针对马样DS-1样G3P[8]RVA的保护效果不佳,且与Rotarix的中和抗原表位氨基酸差异高于RotaTeq。结论本研究发现一例中国罕见的DS-1样G3P[8]型RVA毒株,且疫苗株可能对其保护效果差,强调了持续监测RVA毒株及研发高效覆盖面全的RVA疫苗的重要性。

猪Ⅰ型补体受体与C3b活性片段相互结合的体外检测

【目的】检测猪红细胞类补体受体Ⅰ型(Complement receptor 1-like,CR1-like)与C3b活性片段能否发生结合,以期为阐明猪红细胞发挥免疫粘附功能的分子机理提供科学数据。【方法】利用前期已构建的CR1-like_(3-6)、CR1-like_(8-11)功能域片段的重组质粒建立酵母双杂交检测体系,运用酵母共转化的方法将诱饵质粒(重组pGBKT7-CR1-like)与捕获质粒(重组pGADT7-C3b)共同转入Y2HGold酵母细胞中,分别利用一缺平板SD/-Leu、SD/-Trp和二缺平板SD/-Leu/-Trp(DD0)严格筛选共转化成功的酵母细胞,再根据报告因子是否表达来鉴别转化子在SD/-Leu/-Trp/X-α-Ga1 (DDO/X)、SD/-Leu/-Trp/X-α-Ga1/Aba (DDO/X/A)二缺培养板上的生长情况,并结合菌落的颜色变化现象综合判定CR1-like活性片段与补体C3b在酵母细胞中是否发生相互结合;然后运用免疫沉淀技术分离酵母细胞中CR1-like与C3b结合复合物,并对该复合物的特异性进行Western blot鉴定。【结果】试验成功将pGBKT7-CR1-like与pGADT7-C3b基因共转入Y2HGold酵母细胞。共转化的酵母克隆在SD/-Leu、SD/-Trp、DDO平板上能够正常生长,在DDO/X、DDO/X/A平板上正常生长且菌落呈现蓝色,由此表明,试验中酵母双杂交系统建立成功,并通过试验获得了阳性酵母克隆。共同转化了 pGBKT7-CR1-like和pGADT7-C3b质粒的酵母菌落PCR反向鉴定结果显示,在共转化的酵母菌中含有目的基因CR1-like_(3-6)和CR1-like_(8-11),共转化组的质粒酶切后出现C3b基因片段,与设计大小一致,说明重组质粒成功共转化入酵母细胞中。免疫沉淀试验中应用pGBKT7载体的标签抗体c-Myc沉淀酵母细胞中的融合蛋白,以c-Myc为一抗进行Western blot检测发现,单独转化了pGBKT7-CR1-like_(3-6)和pGBKT7-CR1-like_(8-11)的融合蛋白在 50 kD 处出现特异性条带;共转化 pGBKT7-CR1-like_(3-6)+pGADT7-C3b和共转化pGBKT7-CR1-like(8-11)+pGADT7-C3b的酵母融合蛋白在83kD处出现特异性条带;以HA单克隆抗体为一抗进行Western blot检测时,在pGBKT7-CR1-like_(3-6)和pGBKT7-CR1-like_(8-11)融合蛋白中没有出现特异性条带,只有3、4泳道中共转化的酵母融合蛋白在83kD处出现特异性条带,表明在Y2HGold酵母细胞中存在CR1-like与C3b识别结合的复合物。使用CR1-like单克隆抗体沉淀酵母细胞中的融合蛋白,以CR1-like单克隆抗体为一抗进行Western blot检测发现,单独转化了pGBKT7-CR1-like_(3-6)和pGBKT7-CR1-like_(8-11)的融合蛋白在50kD处出现特异性条带;共转化pGBKT7-CR1-like_(3-6)+pGADT7-C3b和共转化pGBKT7-CR1-like_(8-11)+pGADT7-C3b的酵母融合蛋白在83kD处出现特异性条带;以C3单克隆抗体为一抗进行Western blot检测发现,在pGBKT7-CR1-like_(3-6)和pGBKT7-CR1-like_(8-11)融合蛋白中没有出现特异性条带,泳道3、4所示只有共转化的酵母融合蛋白在83 kD处出现特异性条带,表明在Y2HGold酵母细胞中存在具有生物活性的CR1-like与C3b识别结合的复合物。通过多个单克隆抗体杂交结果,可看出诱饵质粒的表达产物CR1-like_(3-6)、CR1-like_(8-11)片段与捕获质粒的表达产物C3b片段可在酵母细胞内发生结合。【结论】猪红细胞CR1-like发挥免疫粘附功能的识别配体为C3b,为猪红细胞CR1-like功能域分子结构的进一步解析提供了重要数据依据。

拟南芥转录因子Ethylene-insensitive3(EIN3)抑制花青素的合成

Ethylene-insensitive3(EIN3)和EIN3-like1(EIL1)蛋白是乙烯信号转导途径中一类重要的核转录因子。花青素是植物体中的一类水溶性天然色素,在植物的许多生理过程中起重要作用。本研究以拟南芥双突变体ein3-1eil1-3为研究材料,通过RT-PCR技术确定了拟南芥双突变体ein3-1eil1-3中EIN3和EIL1基因均已被敲除,单突变体ein3-1中的EIN3基因被敲除。通过肉眼定性观察发现突变体ein3-1eil1-3的种子和叶片内均呈紫色。通过紫外分光光度计定量分析发现,花青素积累量也明显比突变体ein3-1和野生型多。通过GUS染色发现EIN3启动子主要在花、柱头、成熟花粉、种子胚和果荚等组织中有较强的表达。这与突变体ein3-1eil1-3的种子和叶片内均呈紫色并花青素含量增高一致。因此,拟南芥转录因子EIN3可能与EIL1共同参与抑制花青素的合成。

Cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau,visinin-like protein-1,and chitinase-3-like protein 1 in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

Background:Visinin-like protein-1(VILIP-1)and chitinase-3-like protein 1(CHI3L1 or YKL-40)in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)are newly discovered markers indicating neuronal damage and microglial activation,respectively.Phosphorylated tau(p-tau)reflects the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and is useful as diagnostic markers for AD.However,it is unknown whether these biomarkers have similar or complementary information in AD.Methods:We stratified 121 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)database into cognitively normal(CN),stable mild cognitive impairment(sMCI),progressive MCI(pMCI),and dementia due to AD.Analysis of covariance(ANOVA)and chi-square analyses,Spearman correlation,and logistic regression models were performed to test the demographic,associations between biomarkers,and diagnostic accuracies,respectively.Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the effects of CSF amyloid-β(Aβ)on above biomarkers within diagnostic groups,the combination of diagnostic group and Aβstatus as predictor,and CSF biomarkers as predictors of AD features,including cognition measured by Mini–Mental State Examination(MMSE)and brain structure and white matter hyperintensity(WMH)measured by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Results:P-tau,VILIP-1,and YKL-40 were all predictors of AD diagnosis,but combinations of biomarkers did not improve the diagnostic accuracy(AUC 0.924 for p-tau,VILIP-1,and YKL-40)compared to p-tau(AUC 0.922).P-tau and VILIP-1 were highly correlated(r=0.639,p<0.001)and strongly associated with Aβpathology across clinical stages of AD,while YKL-40 was correlated with Aβpathology in CN and AD groups.VILIP-1 was associated with acceleration of cognitive decline,hippocampal atrophy,and expansion of ventricles in longitudinal analyses.YKL-40 was associated with hippocampal atrophy at baseline and follow-up,while p-tau was only associated with worsening WMH at baseline.Conclusions:CSF levels of p-tau,VILIP-1,and YKL-40 may have utility for discriminating between cognitively normal subjects and patients with AD.Increased levels of both VILIP-1 and YKL-40 may be associated with disease degeneration.These CSF biomarkers should be considered for future assessment in the characterization of the natural history of AD.