In this paper, we investigate a method of selectively enhancing the single mode signal of a Lamb wave by using a meander-coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer （EMAT） with a new magnetic configuration. We use the ...In this paper, we investigate a method of selectively enhancing the single mode signal of a Lamb wave by using a meander-coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer （EMAT） with a new magnetic configuration. We use the Lamb antisym- metric （A0） mode and symmetric （SO） mode as an example for analysis. The analytical expression of the magnitude of the spatial Fourier transform of the Lorentz force generated by different meander coils is used to determine the optimal driving frequency for single mode generation. The numerical calculation is used to characterize the new magnetic configuration and the conventional EMAT magnet. Experimental examinations of each meander coil in combination with the conventional and new magnetic configuration show that the Lamb wave signal can be selectively enhanced by choosing the appropriate driving frequency and coil parameters through using the improved meander-coil EMAT.展开更多
In this paper, we describe a modal expansion approach for the analysis of the selective generation of ultrasonic Lamb waves by electromagnetic acoustic transducers （EMATs）. With the modal expansion approach for wave...In this paper, we describe a modal expansion approach for the analysis of the selective generation of ultrasonic Lamb waves by electromagnetic acoustic transducers （EMATs）. With the modal expansion approach for waveguide excitation, an analytical expression of the Lamb wave＇s mode expansion coefficient is deduced, which is related to the driving frequency and the geometrical parameters of the EMAT＇s meander coil, and lays a theoretical foundation for exactly analyzing the selective generation of Larnb waves with EMATs. The influences of the driving frequency on the mode expansion coefficient of ultrasonic Lamb waves are analyzed when the EMAT＇s geometrical parameters are given. The numerical simulations and experimental examinations show that the ultrasonic Lamb wave modes can be effectively regulated （strengthened or restrained） by choosing an appropriate driving frequency of EMAT, with the geometrical parameters given. This result provides a theoretical and experimental basis for selectively generating a single and pure Lamb wave mode with EMATs.展开更多
Three differential equations based on different definitions of current density are compared. Formulation Ⅰ is based on an incomplete equation for total current density(TCD). Formulations Ⅱ and Ⅲ are based on incomp...Three differential equations based on different definitions of current density are compared. Formulation Ⅰ is based on an incomplete equation for total current density(TCD). Formulations Ⅱ and Ⅲ are based on incomplete and complete equations for source current density(SCD), respectively. Using the weak form of finite element method(FEM), three formulations were applied in a spiral coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer(EMAT) example to solve magnetic vector potential(MVP). The input impedances calculated by Formulation Ⅲ are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. Results show that the errors for Formulations Ⅰ& Ⅱ vary with coil diameter, coil spacing, lift-off distance and external excitation frequency, for the existence of eddy-current and skin & proximity effects. And the current distribution across the coil conductor also follows the same trend. It is better to choose Formulation I instead of Formulation Ⅲ to solve MVP when the coil diameter is less than twice the skin depth for Formulation Ⅰ is a low cost and high efficiency calculation method.展开更多
Using periodic permanent magnet(PPM)electromagnetic acoustic transducers(EMATs),different shear horizontal(SH)guided wave modes can form simultaneously in some situations,which can interfere with the inspection.The ma...Using periodic permanent magnet(PPM)electromagnetic acoustic transducers(EMATs),different shear horizontal(SH)guided wave modes can form simultaneously in some situations,which can interfere with the inspection.The main cause of this phenomenon(typically named multiple modes)is related to the frequency bandwidth of excitation signals and the transducer spatial bandwidth.Simply narrowing the frequency bandwidth cannot effectively limit the number of different SH modes.Previous researches showed that unnecessary SH wave modes can be eliminated by using dual EMATs.However,in practical applications,it is more convenient to change the excitation frequency than to use dual EMATs.In this paper,the stress boundary conditions of the PPM-EMAT are analyzed,the analytical expression of SH guided wave is established,and the magnitude of SH guided wave mode under continuous tone and tone-burst input is obtained.A method to generate a single SH mode by re-selecting an operating point is proposed.Furthermore,the influence of the frequency bandwidth of the tone-burst signal is analyzed.Finally,a single SH mode excitation is achieved with tone-burst input.展开更多
目前电磁超声换能器(electromagnetic acoustictransducer,EMAT)建模方法中存在有限元法计算时间较长,解析法建模不完整的问题。通过将圆柱永磁体等效为电流环并采用截断区域特征函数展开(truncated region eigen-function expansion,TR...目前电磁超声换能器(electromagnetic acoustictransducer,EMAT)建模方法中存在有限元法计算时间较长,解析法建模不完整的问题。通过将圆柱永磁体等效为电流环并采用截断区域特征函数展开(truncated region eigen-function expansion,TREE)方法,建立螺旋线圈EMAT完整解析模型,得到涡流、磁场、力场和线圈阻抗的表达式。随后以铝板探伤为背景,应用该模型分析静磁场及其产生的洛伦兹力分布规律,得到永磁体直径是线圈的1.5～2倍,厚度与其直径相等的设计原则;对比分析静磁场洛伦兹力和交变磁场洛伦兹力的频率、大小和分布规律。最后,结合有限元法和实验验证了模型和分析结果的有效性。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51507171 and 51577184)
文摘In this paper, we investigate a method of selectively enhancing the single mode signal of a Lamb wave by using a meander-coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer （EMAT） with a new magnetic configuration. We use the Lamb antisym- metric （A0） mode and symmetric （SO） mode as an example for analysis. The analytical expression of the magnitude of the spatial Fourier transform of the Lorentz force generated by different meander coils is used to determine the optimal driving frequency for single mode generation. The numerical calculation is used to characterize the new magnetic configuration and the conventional EMAT magnet. Experimental examinations of each meander coil in combination with the conventional and new magnetic configuration show that the Lamb wave signal can be selectively enhanced by choosing the appropriate driving frequency and coil parameters through using the improved meander-coil EMAT.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474361 and 11274388)
文摘In this paper, we describe a modal expansion approach for the analysis of the selective generation of ultrasonic Lamb waves by electromagnetic acoustic transducers （EMATs）. With the modal expansion approach for waveguide excitation, an analytical expression of the Lamb wave＇s mode expansion coefficient is deduced, which is related to the driving frequency and the geometrical parameters of the EMAT＇s meander coil, and lays a theoretical foundation for exactly analyzing the selective generation of Larnb waves with EMATs. The influences of the driving frequency on the mode expansion coefficient of ultrasonic Lamb waves are analyzed when the EMAT＇s geometrical parameters are given. The numerical simulations and experimental examinations show that the ultrasonic Lamb wave modes can be effectively regulated （strengthened or restrained） by choosing an appropriate driving frequency of EMAT, with the geometrical parameters given. This result provides a theoretical and experimental basis for selectively generating a single and pure Lamb wave mode with EMATs.
基金Project(2014BAF12B01)supported by the Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period,ChinaProject(51405520)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012CB619505)supported by National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Three differential equations based on different definitions of current density are compared. Formulation Ⅰ is based on an incomplete equation for total current density(TCD). Formulations Ⅱ and Ⅲ are based on incomplete and complete equations for source current density(SCD), respectively. Using the weak form of finite element method(FEM), three formulations were applied in a spiral coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer(EMAT) example to solve magnetic vector potential(MVP). The input impedances calculated by Formulation Ⅲ are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. Results show that the errors for Formulations Ⅰ& Ⅱ vary with coil diameter, coil spacing, lift-off distance and external excitation frequency, for the existence of eddy-current and skin & proximity effects. And the current distribution across the coil conductor also follows the same trend. It is better to choose Formulation I instead of Formulation Ⅲ to solve MVP when the coil diameter is less than twice the skin depth for Formulation Ⅰ is a low cost and high efficiency calculation method.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51977044).
文摘Using periodic permanent magnet(PPM)electromagnetic acoustic transducers(EMATs),different shear horizontal(SH)guided wave modes can form simultaneously in some situations,which can interfere with the inspection.The main cause of this phenomenon(typically named multiple modes)is related to the frequency bandwidth of excitation signals and the transducer spatial bandwidth.Simply narrowing the frequency bandwidth cannot effectively limit the number of different SH modes.Previous researches showed that unnecessary SH wave modes can be eliminated by using dual EMATs.However,in practical applications,it is more convenient to change the excitation frequency than to use dual EMATs.In this paper,the stress boundary conditions of the PPM-EMAT are analyzed,the analytical expression of SH guided wave is established,and the magnitude of SH guided wave mode under continuous tone and tone-burst input is obtained.A method to generate a single SH mode by re-selecting an operating point is proposed.Furthermore,the influence of the frequency bandwidth of the tone-burst signal is analyzed.Finally,a single SH mode excitation is achieved with tone-burst input.
文摘目前电磁超声换能器(electromagnetic acoustictransducer,EMAT)建模方法中存在有限元法计算时间较长,解析法建模不完整的问题。通过将圆柱永磁体等效为电流环并采用截断区域特征函数展开(truncated region eigen-function expansion,TREE)方法,建立螺旋线圈EMAT完整解析模型,得到涡流、磁场、力场和线圈阻抗的表达式。随后以铝板探伤为背景,应用该模型分析静磁场及其产生的洛伦兹力分布规律,得到永磁体直径是线圈的1.5～2倍,厚度与其直径相等的设计原则;对比分析静磁场洛伦兹力和交变磁场洛伦兹力的频率、大小和分布规律。最后,结合有限元法和实验验证了模型和分析结果的有效性。
