Steering the energy sharing of electrons in nonsequential double ionization with orthogonally polarized two-color field

Using the semiclassical ensemble model,the dependence of relative amplitude for the recollision dynamics in nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)of neon atom driven by the orthogonally polarized two-color field(OTC)laser field is theoretically studied.And the dynamics in two typical collision pathways,recollision-impact-ionization(RII)and recollisionexcitation with subsequent ionization(RESI),is systematically explored.Our results reveal that the V-shaped structure in the correlated momentum distribution is mainly caused by the RII mechanism when the relative amplitude of the OTC laser field is zero,and the first ionized electrons will quickly skim through the nucleus and share few energy with the second electron.As the relative amplitude increases,the V-shaped structure gradually disappears and electrons are concentrated on the diagonal in the electron correlation spectrum,indicating that the energy sharing after electrons collision is symmetric for OTC laser fields with large relative amplitudes.Our studies show that changing the relative amplitude of the OTC laser field can efficiently control the electron–electron collisions and energy exchange efficiency in the NSDI process.

Manipulating the electron dynamics in the non-sequential double ionization process of Ar atoms by an orthogonal two-color laser field

Electron dynamics during non-sequential double ionization(NSDI) is one of the most attractive areas of research in the field of laser–atom or laser–molecule interaction. Based on the classic two-dimensional model, we study the process of NSDI of argon atoms driven by a few-cycle orthogonal two-color laser field composed of 800 nm and 400 nm laser pulses. By changing the relative phase of the two laser pulses, a localized enhancement of NSDI yield is observed at 0.5πand 1.5π, which could be attributed to a rapid and substantial increase in the number of electrons returning to the parent ion within extremely short time intervals at these specific phases. Through the analysis of the electron–electron momentum correlations within different time windows of NSDI events and the angular distributions of emitted electrons in different channels, we observe a more pronounced electron–electron correlation phenomenon in the recollision-induced ionization(RII) channel. This is attributed to the shorter delay time in the RII channel.

Controlling the contributions to high-order harmonic generation from different nuclei of N_2 with an orthogonally polarized two-color laser field

The generation of high-order harmonic and the attosecond pulse of the N2 molecule with an orthogonally polarized two-color laser field are investigated by the strong-field Lewenstein model.We show that the control of contributions to high-order harmonic generation（HHG） from different nuclei is realized by properly selecting the relative phase.When the relative phase is chosen to be φ= 0.4π,the contribution to HHG from one nucleus is much more than that from another.Interference between two nuclei can be suppressed greatly; a supercontinuum spectrum of HHG appears from 40 e V to125 e V.The underlying physical mechanism is well explained by the time–frequency analysis and the semi-classical threestep model with a finite initial transverse velocity.By superposing several orders of harmonics,an isolated attosecond pulse with a duration of 80 as can be generated.

Generation of quasi-chirp-free isolated attosecond pulses from atoms under the action of orthogonal two-color combined pulse of fundamental frequency and higher intensity second harmonic fields

The intrinsic chirp of high-order harmonic generation is an important factor limiting the production of ultrashort attosecond pulses.Based on numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation,the generation process of highorder harmonic from the He atom under the action of orthogonal two-color combined pulse of fundamental frequency and higher intensity second harmonic fields is studied.In this paper,we propose to achieve quasi-chirp-free isolated attosecond pulses by superimposing a higher second-harmonic field on the orthogonal direction of the fundamental frequency field.It is found that the high-energy part of its harmonic emission exhibits small chirp characteristics,which can be used to synthesize isolated attosecond pulses.Through the analysis of the wave packets evolution and the classical motion trajectories of the electron,it is demonstrated that the quasi-chirp-free harmonic can be attributed to the simultaneous return of electrons ionized at different times to the parent particle.The influence of the relative phase of the two pulses on the harmonics is further analyzed,and it is observed that this phenomenon is sensitive to the relative phase,but it can still generate isolated attosecond pulses within a certain phase.

High-order harmonic generation of N2molecule in two-color circularly polarized laser fields

The generation of high-order harmonics and the attosecond pulse of the N2 molecule in two-color circularly polarized laser fields are investigated by the strong-field Lewenstein model. We show that the plateau of spectra is dramatically extended and a continuous harmonic spectrum with the bandwidth of 113 eV is obtained. When a static field is added to the x direction, the quantum path control is realized and a supercontinuum spectrum can be obtained, which is beneficial to obtain a shorter attosecond pulse. The underlying physical mechanism is well explained by the time-frequency analysis and the semi-classical three-step model with a finite initial transverse velocity. By superposing several orders of harmonics in the combination of two-color circularly polarized laser fields and a static field, an isolated attosecond pulse with a duration of 30 as can be generated.

Relative phase effect of nonsequential double ionization in Ar by two-color elliptically polarized laser field

We investigated the nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)in Ar by two-color elliptically polarized laser field with a three-dimensional(3D)classical ensemble method.We study the relative phase effect of NSDI and distinguish two particular recollision channels in NSDI,which are recollision–impact ionization(RII)and recollision-induced excitation with subsequent ionization(RESI),according to the delay-time between the recollision and the final double ionization.The numerical results indicate that the ion momentum distribution is changed and the triangle structure is more obvious with the decrease of the relative phase.We also demonstrate that the RESI process always dominates in the whole double ionization process and the ratio of RESI and RII channels can be influenced by the relative phase.

Exploration of High-Harmonic Generation from the CS2 Molecule by the Lewenstein Method in Two-Color Circularly Polarized Laser Field

The high harmonic generation (HHG) from the CS2 molecule in intense laser fields is investigated using the extended Lewenstein method. The initial state is the highest-occupied molecular orbital of the CS2 molecule, which can be well described by Gaussian wave packet using GAMESS-UK package. Compared with the case of the elliptical laser, the HHG can be extended in two-color circularly polarized laser field. The time-frequency analysis and classical electron trajectory as well as the ionization yield curve are also presented to further explain the underlying mechanism. After adding a static electric field on the z-direction, the single quantum path control is realized and the supercontinuum spectra are obtained. Moreover, an isolated 110 as pulse can be obtained by superposing the harmonics from 130th to 180th order.

Isolated attosecond pulse generation with few-cycle two-color counter-rotating circularly polarized laser pulses

Most of the schemes for generating isolated attosecond pulses（IAP） are sensitive to the carrier-envelope phase（CEP）of the driving lasers. We propose a scheme for generating IAP using two-color counter-rotating circularly polarized（TCCRCP） laser pulses. The results demonstrate that the dependence of the IAP generation on CEP stability is largely reduced in this scheme. IAP can be generated at most of CEPs. Therefore, the experiment requirements become lower.

Controlling paths of high-order harmonic generation by orthogonal two-color fields

Controlling paths of high-order harmonic generation from H^2+ is theoretically investigated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation based on the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in orthogonal two-color fields.Our simulations show that the change of harmonic emission paths is dependent on time-dependent distribution of electrons.Compared with one-dimensional linearly polarized long wavelength laser,multiple returns are suppressed and short paths are dominant in the process of harmonic emission by two-dimensional orthogonal ω/2ω laser fields.Furthermore,not only are multiple returns weaken,but also the harmonic emission varies from twice to once in an optical cycle by orthogonalω/1.5ωlaser fields.Combining the time-frequency distributions and the time-dependent electron wave packets probability density,the mechanism of controlling paths is further explained.As a result,a 68-as isolated attosecond pulse is obtained by superposing a proper range of the harmonics.

Synthesis of Antennas for Field and Polarization Control

This article presents a procedure for electromagnetic field and polarization control with antennas. The concept previously introduced by the authors for spatially distributed three-dimensional electromagnetic polarization (as time varies) is discussed and extended also to include non-ideal antennas and the control of electromagnetic field distributions (at a given instant of time). These polarizations and fields are herein referred to as “3D”, although time is also inherent to them. Even that the main objective is to introduce a mathematically/numerically consistent synthesis technique for controlling the 3D electromagnetic fields and polarizations, an effort is made to present and discuss possible applications, including but not limited to torus-knotted distributions and spatial multiplexing for transmission of information in wireless digital communication systems.

Controlling nonadiabatic spectral redshift of high-order harmonic using two orthogonally polarized laser fields

We investigate the nonadiabatic spectral redshift of high-order harmonic of He driven by two time-delayed orthogonally polarized laser fields. It is found that the nonadiabatic spectral redshift can be observed by properly adjusting the time delay of the two laser fields when the controlling pulse is added in the raising part of the driving pulse in the vertical direction. That is because the controlling pulse in the vertical direction prevents the ionized electrons from returning to the vicinity of parent ions and then reduces the recombination probability. This leads to the high-order harmonic generated mainly in the falling part of the driving pulse. Meanwhile,we also find that the quantity of redshift can be effectively controlled through accommodating the positive time delays. In addition, this scheme can also be used to produce nonadiabatic spectral blueshift.

换流变阀侧套管极性反转暂态电场模型降阶

随着以新能源为主体的新型数字化电力系统建设,实现主设备的数字孪生体系是未来数字电网的重要发展趋势,使用模型降阶方法提高计算效率并实现快速实时仿真,是数字孪生应用于电力设备多物理场仿真领域的重要基础。为此提出了一种基于本征正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition,POD)法求解换流变阀侧套管极性反转暂态电场的有限元快速计算方法,应用伽辽金有限元数值计算方法编程建立了换流变阀侧套管暂态电场刚度矩阵,提出了换流变阀侧套管芯体铝箔极板悬浮电位边界设置的强加虚拟齐次边界条件与稀疏矩阵联合的算法,通过矩阵奇异值分解对处理后的矩阵进行了主成分提取,构建了换流变阀侧套管电场降阶模型。研究结果表明,采用模型降阶方法得到的套管电场分布与商用软件计算的结果相近,同时,采用轻量化模型计算套管电场分布所需时间被大幅缩减,验证了模型降阶方法具有较高的准确性和计算效率,证明了采用模型降阶方法实现套管这种电力设备电场的快速计算和实时仿真的可行性。

微循环监测技术的研究进展

正常的血流灌注是保证人体生理功能的一个必要条件。活体微循环的监测对于了解脏器功能、诊治疾病、研究疾病机制和药物治疗效果有重要的作用。该文就几种活体微循环监测技术,如正交偏振光谱技术、侧流暗视野成像技术、激光多普勒成像技术、近红外线光谱成像技术、脉搏血氧测定监测技术等近年来的主要研究进展予以综述。

天线近场耦合系统散射矩阵的分析

依据微波网络理论对单个天线的空间辐射特性进行了分析,并得到近场耦合系统的散射矩阵方程,依此得出结论是只要探头特性已知,探头只需两次正交极化的测量就可确定天线的辐射特性.

正交偏振双色激光场作用下生成的孤立阿秒脉冲

我们理论研究了正交偏振双色激光场作用下的高次谐波发射和孤立阿秒脉冲的产生.当y方向加一束中红外激光脉冲(12.5 fs/2000 nm),x方向加一束强度较弱的激光脉冲(12 fs/800 nm)时,我们得到从250 eV到350 eV的超连续谐波平台,在平台范围内叠加50 eV的谐波,可以得到一个脉宽约为97as的孤立阿秒脉冲.通过时频分析,我们解释了高次谐波发射的物理机制.

COLD阵列近场源定位

利用特殊极化敏感阵列极化域的旋转不变性,提出了一种基于交叉偶极子-磁环天线(COLD)阵的近场源闭式定位算法.与现有方法相比,该算法无需高维搜索和高阶累积量运算,也无需参数配对,计算效率高;无需阵列具有对称结构,阵列孔径利用率高.COLD阵方法无需高阶项舍弃,与交叉偶极子阵方法相比,也不涉及接收模型的近似假设,性能更优越并可实现无偏定位.计算机仿真验证了所提算法的有效性.

基于本征正交分解的换流变压器极性反转电场降阶模型

为了解决在求解换流变压器极性反转瞬态电场过程中计算时间过长,占用存储空间过大的问题,该文基于本征正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition,POD)方法构建了求解换流变压器极性反转瞬态电场的低阶有限元模型。首先,应用传统伽辽金有限元法计算部分时刻的场域电位组成样本数据,并对样本数据组成的矩阵进行特征值分解得到一组POD正交基,最后通过生成的POD正交基构建准静态电场方程的降阶模型。应用所提出的POD降阶模型,分析了一台?500k V换流变压器在极性反转情况下绕组端部电场随时间的变化情况。计算结果表明:POD降阶模型的计算结果与全阶模型(传统伽辽金有限元模型)的计算结果较吻合,验证了POD降阶模型的准确性。同时,应用降阶模型计算换流变压器瞬态电场的计算时间远小于全阶模型的计算时间,说明了降阶模型的高效性。

基于正交偏振场的双光学控制方案获得孤立阿秒脉冲产生

利用强场近似理论开展了基于正交偏振场的双光学控制脉冲与氦原子相互作用产生高次谐波和阿秒脉冲发射的理论研究.这里的正交偏振场由具有一定时间延迟、振幅相等且呈正交偏振的两束线偏振脉冲构成,双光学控制脉冲是在正交偏振场的驱动脉冲电场方向附加一束线偏振二次谐波脉冲.研究发现,若合理地调整正交偏振场中两束线偏振脉冲之间的时间延迟及附加二次谐波场与驱动脉冲电场之间的相对相位,可得到效率较高且在整个平台区及截止位置附近皆连续的高次谐波发射谱,傅里叶变换后实现了143 as孤立短脉冲的辐射.相比于利用两束反旋圆偏振脉冲附加二次谐波场的双光学控制方案,该方案不仅克服了对入射驱动脉冲脉宽和强度的限制,而且避免了偏振门前端光学周期引起的气体介质电离不利于谐波相位匹配的弊端.

正交偏振双色激光场作用下高次谐波的椭偏特性研究

通过数值求解二维含时薛定谔方程,理论研究了正交偏振双色激光场作用下H2+分子高次谐波发射和孤立阿秒脉冲的产生.数值结果显示,改变激光场的强度比,可以调控高次谐波强度以及谐波椭偏率.结果表明随着场强比的增加,y方向的谐波强度不断提高.当场强比为1:2.5时,x方向和y方向分别仅有奇次谐波和偶次谐波产生,并且偶次谐波的强度比奇次谐波强度高2-3个数量级.此时,奇次谐波的椭偏率最大可以达到0.3,偶次谐波的椭偏率接近于0.此外,通过改变分子的准直角可以控制谐波的椭偏率,基于这一现象,利用椭圆偏振高次谐波的平台区合成了椭偏率为0.05的椭圆偏振阿秒脉冲链.

Generation of non-integer high-order harmonics and significant enhancement of harmonic intensity

High-order harmonics from helium atom in the orthogonally two-color(OTC) laser field are investigated by solving the two-dimensional time-dependent Schrodinger equation.Non-integer high-order harmonics are obtained in some ratio of frequencies of two components.Pure odd and even harmonics from atoms could be separated in two components by adjusting the ratio of frequencies in OTC scheme,and the resolution of harmonics is improved at the same time.The physical mechanism is explained by the periodicity of dipole.With the same intensity of the incident laser,the intensity of the high-order harmonics from the OTC field scheme is improved by three orders of magnitude compared to the monochromatic laser field scheme.A theoretical scheme is provided for experimentally achieving improving energy resolution and separation of pure odd and even harmonics in atoms.Also,we provide a means for improving harmonic intensity.