The main pathological change in post-traumatic osteoarthritis （PTOA） is cartilage degeneration, which is closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Inflammation can cause degeneration of articular cartil...The main pathological change in post-traumatic osteoarthritis （PTOA） is cartilage degeneration, which is closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Inflammation can cause degeneration of articular cartilage. Cartilage degeneration can also stimulate the progression of inflammation. It has been found that inflammatory cytokines can participate in the pathological process of cartilage degeneration through multiple signaling pathways, mainly mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear transcription factor kappa B, and Wnt-p-catenin signal transduction pathways. This review aimed at exploring the relationship between PTOA and inflammation-related cytokines by introducing the role of proinflammatory cytokines in chondrocyte destruction and extracellular matrix degradation.展开更多
In this article, a concise description of the recent advances in the field of osteoarthritis management is presented. The main focus is to highlight the most promising techniques that emerge in both biological joint r...In this article, a concise description of the recent advances in the field of osteoarthritis management is presented. The main focus is to highlight the most promising techniques that emerge in both biological joint replacement and artificial joint arthroplasty. A critical view of high quality evidence regarding outcome and safety profile of these techniques is presented. The potential role of kinematically aligned total knee replacement, navigation, and robotic-assisted surgery is outlined. A critical description of both primary and stem cell-based therapies, the cell homing theory, the use of biologic factors and recent advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is provided. Based on the current evidence, some thoughts on a realistic approach towards answering these questions are attempted.展开更多
Attrition and eventual loss of articular cartilage are important elements in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis(OA).Preventing the breakdown of cartilage is believed to be critical to preserve the functional integr...Attrition and eventual loss of articular cartilage are important elements in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis(OA).Preventing the breakdown of cartilage is believed to be critical to preserve the functional integrity of a joint.Chondral injuries are also common in the knee joint,and many patients benefit from cartilage repair.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and advanced digital post-processing techniques have opened possibilities for in vivo analysis of cartilage morphology,structure,and function in healthy and diseased knee joints.Techniques of semi-quantitative scoring of human knee cartilage pathology and quantitative assessment of human cartilage have been developed.Cartilage thickness and volume have been quantified in humans as well as in small animals.MRI detected cartilage loss has been shown to be more sensitive than radiographs detecting joint space narrowing.It is possible to longitudinally study knee cartilage morphology with enough accuracy to follow the disease-caused changes and also evaluate the therapeutic effects of chondro-protective drugs.There are also several MRI methods that may allow evaluation of the glycosaminoglycan matrix or collagen network of articular car-tilage,and may be more sensitive for the detection of early changes.The clinical relevance of these methods is being validated.With the development of new therapies for OA and cartilage injury,MR images will play an important role in the diagnosis,staging,and evaluation of the effectiveness of these therapies.展开更多
背景:有限元分析是一种先进的计算机工程技术,利用数学近似的方法对真实人体进行模拟,可以真实反映膝关节结构内部的生物力学特征,为理解膝关节疾病发病机制、优化手术方案以及开发新型植入材料提供了有效的工具。目的:对膝关节有限元...背景:有限元分析是一种先进的计算机工程技术,利用数学近似的方法对真实人体进行模拟,可以真实反映膝关节结构内部的生物力学特征,为理解膝关节疾病发病机制、优化手术方案以及开发新型植入材料提供了有效的工具。目的:对膝关节有限元模型的建立及其在膝关节疾病研究中的应用进行综述,并展望了未来的发展趋势。方法:第一作者于2024年4月以“Finite Element Analysis,FEA,knee joint,Finite Element Model,Knee Biomechanics,Knee Osteoarthritis,Knee Prosthesis,Knee Ligaments,Meniscus”为英文检索词在PubMed和EI数据库进行检索,以“有限元分析,有限元模型,膝关节,生物力学,骨关节炎,计算模型,膝关节假体,膝关节韧带,半月板”为中文检索词在中国知网和万方数据库进行检索,最终纳入75篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:①有限元分析法利用医学影像数据获得三维人体模型,将复杂的人体关节结构简化为有限且相互连接的单元,通过对模型施加外部载荷,直观地显示膝关节内部的应力分布。②研究者通过有限元分析深入研究膝关节在不同工况下的内部应力和应变分布,可发现膝关节内部载荷分配平衡改变时,关节软骨的过度载荷及部分区域的负荷下降,这种长期异常应力会引起软骨变形和磨损,最终缺失,对于理解生物力学因素如何引起膝关节退行性变至关重要。③有研究通过有限元分析评估膝骨关节炎患者采用太极拳、步态调整等物理治疗方法的效果,结果显示这些治疗方法减少了软骨的过度负荷,为临床治疗提供了科学理论依据。④临床医生通过有限元分析在手术前进行三维重建、数据测量和模拟手术,能够优化手术治疗策略;此外,还可以通过模拟不同假体的力学特征,改进假体的形状、材料和固定方式,减少患者的并发症,提高患者的治疗效果。⑤人工智能与有限元分析相结合使得有限元模型的构建更为精确和易于操作,极大提高了临床医生医疗实践的效率和患者的治疗效果。⑥有限元分析仅是数字化的模拟,与真实物理状态仍存在一定差异。展开更多
Oxidative stress and inflammation are key drivers of osteoarthritis(OA)pathogenesis and disease progression.Herein we report the synthesis of poly(p-coumaric)nanoparticles(PCA NPs)from p-courmaic acid(p-CA),a naturall...Oxidative stress and inflammation are key drivers of osteoarthritis(OA)pathogenesis and disease progression.Herein we report the synthesis of poly(p-coumaric)nanoparticles(PCA NPs)from p-courmaic acid(p-CA),a naturally occurring phytophenolic acid,to be a multifunctional and drug-free therapeutic for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJOA).Compared to hyaluronic acid(HA)that is clinically given as viscosupplementation,PCA NPs exhibited long-term efficacy,superior anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in alleviating TMJOA and repairing the TMJ cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat model of TMJOA.Notably,TMJ repair mediated by PCA NPs could be attributed to their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in enhancing cell proliferation and matrix synthesis,while reducing inflammation,oxidative stress,matrix degradation,and chondrocyte ferroptosis.Overall,our study demonstrates a multifunctional nanoparticle,synthesized from natural p-coumaric acid,that is stable and possess potent antioxidant,anti-inflammatory properties and ferroptosis inhibition,beneficial for treatment of TMJOA.展开更多
目的观察浮针疗法治疗早中期膝骨关节炎对关节软骨厚度的影响。方法将60例早中期膝骨关节炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组采用浮针治疗,对照组采用电针治疗。观察两组治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS...目的观察浮针疗法治疗早中期膝骨关节炎对关节软骨厚度的影响。方法将60例早中期膝骨关节炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组采用浮针治疗,对照组采用电针治疗。观察两组治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分、疼痛开始缓解时间、Lysholm膝关节功能评分、平衡功能及股骨内侧和外侧髁软骨厚度的变化。结果治疗组疼痛开始缓解时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组VAS评分以及平衡功能的横向标准差和前后标准差均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),Lysholm膝关节功能评分、平衡功能的稳定极限均较治疗前升高(P<0.05)。治疗后3个月,两组VAS评分较治疗前降低(P<0.05),Lysholm膝关节功能评分较治疗前升高(P<0.05),膝关节内外侧髁软骨厚度均较治疗前增加(P<0.05)。治疗后和治疗后3个月,治疗组VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),Lysholm膝关节功能评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组横向标准差低于对照组(P<0.05),稳定极限高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论浮针治疗早中期膝骨关节炎起效速度优于电针治疗,能有效缓解疼痛症状及提高膝关节功能,可改善软骨损伤。展开更多
背景:在骨关节炎的软骨退变过程中,以软骨细胞为靶点的细胞因子和信号通路起到了重要作用。目的:综述近年来与骨关节炎相关的细胞因子和信号通路的作用机制及治疗方式等最新研究进展,以期为将来探索新的治疗靶点和治疗方式作参考依据。...背景:在骨关节炎的软骨退变过程中,以软骨细胞为靶点的细胞因子和信号通路起到了重要作用。目的:综述近年来与骨关节炎相关的细胞因子和信号通路的作用机制及治疗方式等最新研究进展,以期为将来探索新的治疗靶点和治疗方式作参考依据。方法:在中国知网、万方数据、维普、PubMed、Web of Science和MEDLINE数据库进行文献检索,并以“骨关节炎,细胞因子,信号通路,软骨细胞,炎症,治疗”作为中文检索词,以“osteoarthritis,cytokine,signal pathway,chondrocyte,inflammation,therapy”作为英文检索词,对最终纳入的60篇文献进行了归纳总结。结果与结论:(1)在目前的研究中认为骨关节炎具体机制尚不明确,大量研究表明骨关节炎与细胞因子和信号通路关系密切,是一个复杂的作用过程,以细胞因子和信号通路作为治疗突破口的相关研究也是当前的热点。(2)白细胞介素1等促炎因子的受体拮抗剂对于骨关节炎治疗效果不佳,已有更多的学者开始进行基因治疗方式的研究。(3)目前关于转化生长因子β等细胞因子和Wnt信号通路的重组因子、基因治疗和间充质干细胞等治疗方式均获得了积极的研究成果,但其安全性和有效性等问题还需进一步的基础和临床研究验证。(4)目前相关的骨关节炎治疗方式如富血小板血浆疗法已广泛应用于临床,而重组因子疗法、基因治疗和间充质干细胞治疗均处于研究阶段,其中间充质干细胞治疗和基因治疗有望在软骨修复和再生领域做出突破,是值得期待的治疗方式,但其有效性和安全性尚需进一步研究,未来需探寻其作用机制和适用范围以制定标准。展开更多
背景:颞下颌关节骨关节炎是一种发病率很高的口腔常见病,而颞下颌关节骨关节炎早期隐匿不易被发现,临床上病理标本获取难度较高,难以开展相关研究。将数字化3D打印技术应用到颞下颌关节骨关节炎动物模型上来增加动物模型的一致性,从而...背景:颞下颌关节骨关节炎是一种发病率很高的口腔常见病,而颞下颌关节骨关节炎早期隐匿不易被发现,临床上病理标本获取难度较高,难以开展相关研究。将数字化3D打印技术应用到颞下颌关节骨关节炎动物模型上来增加动物模型的一致性,从而促进颞下颌关节骨关节炎疾病的研究。目的:利用新型数字技术建立标准化的颞下颌关节骨关节炎大鼠模型。方法:将30只SD雌性大鼠根据单侧前牙反牙合建模方法的不同,随机分为3组,传统模型组、数字化模型组和对照组,每组10只。于建模后4,8周采集髁突软骨标本,体式显微镜观察表观形态,苏木精-伊红染色、番红O/固绿染色观察病理形态,ELISA观察白细胞介素1β、肿瘤坏死因子α的表达变化,免疫组织化学染色观察蛋白多糖、Ⅱ型胶原及基质金属蛋白酶13的表达变化。结果与结论:(1)数字化模型组和传统模型组观察到不同程度的退行性病变。干预后第1周,模型组大鼠体质量均呈下降趋势,随后呈增长趋势,且显著低于对照组。(2)体式显微镜观察结果显示,建模后4,8周,数字化模型组表面的变形及缺损程度明显高于传统模型组。(3)两个时间点,数字化模型组和传统模型组的国际骨关节炎研究学会(Osteoarthritis Research Society International,OARSI)评分均高于对照组,数字化模型组高于传统模型组(P<0.05)。(4)组织病理学观察显示,建模后4,8周,两个模型组的改良Mankin评分和OARSI评分均显著高于同龄对照组(P<0.05)。(5)免疫组织化学染色结果显示,建模后4,8周,与同龄对照组相比,蛋白多糖及Ⅱ型胶原在传统模型组与数字化模型组两个时间点表达降低,基质金属蛋白酶13表达增强(P<0.05)。(6)ELISA结果显示,传统和数字化模型组大鼠8周时炎性因子白细胞介素1β和肿瘤坏死因子α的表达水平均高于同龄对照组,数字化模型组高于传统模型组(P<0.05)。(7)采用3D打印技术设计制作的个性化金属管,无需反复试戴调整即能快速引导颞下颌关节发生骨关节炎样病变,可重复性好,适合推广应用。展开更多
Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease.It causes pain and suffering for affected patients and is the source of major economic costs for healthcare systems.Despite ongoing research,there is a lack of know...Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease.It causes pain and suffering for affected patients and is the source of major economic costs for healthcare systems.Despite ongoing research,there is a lack of knowledge regarding disease mechanisms,biomarkers,and possible cures.Current treatments do not fulfill patients’long-term needs,and it often requires invasive surgical procedures with subsequent long periods of rehabilitation.Researchers and companies worldwide are working to find a suitable cell source to engineer or regenerate a functional and healthy articular cartilage tissue to implant in the damaged area.Potential cell sources to accomplish this goal include embryonic stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,or induced pluripotent stem cells.The differentiation of stem cells into different tissue types is complex,and a suitable concentration range of specific growth factors is vital.The cellular microenvironment during early embryonic development provides crucial information regarding concentrations of signaling molecules and morphogen gradients as these are essential inducers for tissue development.Thus,morphogen gradients implemented in developmental protocols aimed to engineer functional cartilage tissue can potentially generate cells comparable to those within native cartilage.In this review,we have summarized the problems with current treatments,potential cell sources for cell therapy,reviewed the progress of new treatments within the regenerative cartilage field,and highlighted the importance of cell quality,characterization assays,and chemically defined protocols.展开更多
基金supported by Shanxi Province Returned Overseas Students Research Funding Project(No.2016-118)
文摘The main pathological change in post-traumatic osteoarthritis （PTOA） is cartilage degeneration, which is closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Inflammation can cause degeneration of articular cartilage. Cartilage degeneration can also stimulate the progression of inflammation. It has been found that inflammatory cytokines can participate in the pathological process of cartilage degeneration through multiple signaling pathways, mainly mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear transcription factor kappa B, and Wnt-p-catenin signal transduction pathways. This review aimed at exploring the relationship between PTOA and inflammation-related cytokines by introducing the role of proinflammatory cytokines in chondrocyte destruction and extracellular matrix degradation.
文摘In this article, a concise description of the recent advances in the field of osteoarthritis management is presented. The main focus is to highlight the most promising techniques that emerge in both biological joint replacement and artificial joint arthroplasty. A critical view of high quality evidence regarding outcome and safety profile of these techniques is presented. The potential role of kinematically aligned total knee replacement, navigation, and robotic-assisted surgery is outlined. A critical description of both primary and stem cell-based therapies, the cell homing theory, the use of biologic factors and recent advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is provided. Based on the current evidence, some thoughts on a realistic approach towards answering these questions are attempted.
文摘Attrition and eventual loss of articular cartilage are important elements in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis(OA).Preventing the breakdown of cartilage is believed to be critical to preserve the functional integrity of a joint.Chondral injuries are also common in the knee joint,and many patients benefit from cartilage repair.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and advanced digital post-processing techniques have opened possibilities for in vivo analysis of cartilage morphology,structure,and function in healthy and diseased knee joints.Techniques of semi-quantitative scoring of human knee cartilage pathology and quantitative assessment of human cartilage have been developed.Cartilage thickness and volume have been quantified in humans as well as in small animals.MRI detected cartilage loss has been shown to be more sensitive than radiographs detecting joint space narrowing.It is possible to longitudinally study knee cartilage morphology with enough accuracy to follow the disease-caused changes and also evaluate the therapeutic effects of chondro-protective drugs.There are also several MRI methods that may allow evaluation of the glycosaminoglycan matrix or collagen network of articular car-tilage,and may be more sensitive for the detection of early changes.The clinical relevance of these methods is being validated.With the development of new therapies for OA and cartilage injury,MR images will play an important role in the diagnosis,staging,and evaluation of the effectiveness of these therapies.
文摘背景:有限元分析是一种先进的计算机工程技术,利用数学近似的方法对真实人体进行模拟,可以真实反映膝关节结构内部的生物力学特征,为理解膝关节疾病发病机制、优化手术方案以及开发新型植入材料提供了有效的工具。目的:对膝关节有限元模型的建立及其在膝关节疾病研究中的应用进行综述,并展望了未来的发展趋势。方法:第一作者于2024年4月以“Finite Element Analysis,FEA,knee joint,Finite Element Model,Knee Biomechanics,Knee Osteoarthritis,Knee Prosthesis,Knee Ligaments,Meniscus”为英文检索词在PubMed和EI数据库进行检索,以“有限元分析,有限元模型,膝关节,生物力学,骨关节炎,计算模型,膝关节假体,膝关节韧带,半月板”为中文检索词在中国知网和万方数据库进行检索,最终纳入75篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:①有限元分析法利用医学影像数据获得三维人体模型,将复杂的人体关节结构简化为有限且相互连接的单元,通过对模型施加外部载荷,直观地显示膝关节内部的应力分布。②研究者通过有限元分析深入研究膝关节在不同工况下的内部应力和应变分布,可发现膝关节内部载荷分配平衡改变时,关节软骨的过度载荷及部分区域的负荷下降,这种长期异常应力会引起软骨变形和磨损,最终缺失,对于理解生物力学因素如何引起膝关节退行性变至关重要。③有研究通过有限元分析评估膝骨关节炎患者采用太极拳、步态调整等物理治疗方法的效果,结果显示这些治疗方法减少了软骨的过度负荷,为临床治疗提供了科学理论依据。④临床医生通过有限元分析在手术前进行三维重建、数据测量和模拟手术,能够优化手术治疗策略;此外,还可以通过模拟不同假体的力学特征,改进假体的形状、材料和固定方式,减少患者的并发症,提高患者的治疗效果。⑤人工智能与有限元分析相结合使得有限元模型的构建更为精确和易于操作,极大提高了临床医生医疗实践的效率和患者的治疗效果。⑥有限元分析仅是数字化的模拟,与真实物理状态仍存在一定差异。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82170960 and No.52173150)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(Grant No.202206080009)+1 种基金Guangzhou Science and Technology Program City-University Joint Funding Project(Grant No.2023A03J0001)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M723670).
文摘Oxidative stress and inflammation are key drivers of osteoarthritis(OA)pathogenesis and disease progression.Herein we report the synthesis of poly(p-coumaric)nanoparticles(PCA NPs)from p-courmaic acid(p-CA),a naturally occurring phytophenolic acid,to be a multifunctional and drug-free therapeutic for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJOA).Compared to hyaluronic acid(HA)that is clinically given as viscosupplementation,PCA NPs exhibited long-term efficacy,superior anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in alleviating TMJOA and repairing the TMJ cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat model of TMJOA.Notably,TMJ repair mediated by PCA NPs could be attributed to their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in enhancing cell proliferation and matrix synthesis,while reducing inflammation,oxidative stress,matrix degradation,and chondrocyte ferroptosis.Overall,our study demonstrates a multifunctional nanoparticle,synthesized from natural p-coumaric acid,that is stable and possess potent antioxidant,anti-inflammatory properties and ferroptosis inhibition,beneficial for treatment of TMJOA.
文摘目的观察浮针疗法治疗早中期膝骨关节炎对关节软骨厚度的影响。方法将60例早中期膝骨关节炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组采用浮针治疗,对照组采用电针治疗。观察两组治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)评分、疼痛开始缓解时间、Lysholm膝关节功能评分、平衡功能及股骨内侧和外侧髁软骨厚度的变化。结果治疗组疼痛开始缓解时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组VAS评分以及平衡功能的横向标准差和前后标准差均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),Lysholm膝关节功能评分、平衡功能的稳定极限均较治疗前升高(P<0.05)。治疗后3个月,两组VAS评分较治疗前降低(P<0.05),Lysholm膝关节功能评分较治疗前升高(P<0.05),膝关节内外侧髁软骨厚度均较治疗前增加(P<0.05)。治疗后和治疗后3个月,治疗组VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),Lysholm膝关节功能评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组横向标准差低于对照组(P<0.05),稳定极限高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论浮针治疗早中期膝骨关节炎起效速度优于电针治疗,能有效缓解疼痛症状及提高膝关节功能,可改善软骨损伤。
文摘背景:在骨关节炎的软骨退变过程中,以软骨细胞为靶点的细胞因子和信号通路起到了重要作用。目的:综述近年来与骨关节炎相关的细胞因子和信号通路的作用机制及治疗方式等最新研究进展,以期为将来探索新的治疗靶点和治疗方式作参考依据。方法:在中国知网、万方数据、维普、PubMed、Web of Science和MEDLINE数据库进行文献检索,并以“骨关节炎,细胞因子,信号通路,软骨细胞,炎症,治疗”作为中文检索词,以“osteoarthritis,cytokine,signal pathway,chondrocyte,inflammation,therapy”作为英文检索词,对最终纳入的60篇文献进行了归纳总结。结果与结论:(1)在目前的研究中认为骨关节炎具体机制尚不明确,大量研究表明骨关节炎与细胞因子和信号通路关系密切,是一个复杂的作用过程,以细胞因子和信号通路作为治疗突破口的相关研究也是当前的热点。(2)白细胞介素1等促炎因子的受体拮抗剂对于骨关节炎治疗效果不佳,已有更多的学者开始进行基因治疗方式的研究。(3)目前关于转化生长因子β等细胞因子和Wnt信号通路的重组因子、基因治疗和间充质干细胞等治疗方式均获得了积极的研究成果,但其安全性和有效性等问题还需进一步的基础和临床研究验证。(4)目前相关的骨关节炎治疗方式如富血小板血浆疗法已广泛应用于临床,而重组因子疗法、基因治疗和间充质干细胞治疗均处于研究阶段,其中间充质干细胞治疗和基因治疗有望在软骨修复和再生领域做出突破,是值得期待的治疗方式,但其有效性和安全性尚需进一步研究,未来需探寻其作用机制和适用范围以制定标准。
文摘背景:颞下颌关节骨关节炎是一种发病率很高的口腔常见病,而颞下颌关节骨关节炎早期隐匿不易被发现,临床上病理标本获取难度较高,难以开展相关研究。将数字化3D打印技术应用到颞下颌关节骨关节炎动物模型上来增加动物模型的一致性,从而促进颞下颌关节骨关节炎疾病的研究。目的:利用新型数字技术建立标准化的颞下颌关节骨关节炎大鼠模型。方法:将30只SD雌性大鼠根据单侧前牙反牙合建模方法的不同,随机分为3组,传统模型组、数字化模型组和对照组,每组10只。于建模后4,8周采集髁突软骨标本,体式显微镜观察表观形态,苏木精-伊红染色、番红O/固绿染色观察病理形态,ELISA观察白细胞介素1β、肿瘤坏死因子α的表达变化,免疫组织化学染色观察蛋白多糖、Ⅱ型胶原及基质金属蛋白酶13的表达变化。结果与结论:(1)数字化模型组和传统模型组观察到不同程度的退行性病变。干预后第1周,模型组大鼠体质量均呈下降趋势,随后呈增长趋势,且显著低于对照组。(2)体式显微镜观察结果显示,建模后4,8周,数字化模型组表面的变形及缺损程度明显高于传统模型组。(3)两个时间点,数字化模型组和传统模型组的国际骨关节炎研究学会(Osteoarthritis Research Society International,OARSI)评分均高于对照组,数字化模型组高于传统模型组(P<0.05)。(4)组织病理学观察显示,建模后4,8周,两个模型组的改良Mankin评分和OARSI评分均显著高于同龄对照组(P<0.05)。(5)免疫组织化学染色结果显示,建模后4,8周,与同龄对照组相比,蛋白多糖及Ⅱ型胶原在传统模型组与数字化模型组两个时间点表达降低,基质金属蛋白酶13表达增强(P<0.05)。(6)ELISA结果显示,传统和数字化模型组大鼠8周时炎性因子白细胞介素1β和肿瘤坏死因子α的表达水平均高于同龄对照组,数字化模型组高于传统模型组(P<0.05)。(7)采用3D打印技术设计制作的个性化金属管,无需反复试戴调整即能快速引导颞下颌关节发生骨关节炎样病变,可重复性好,适合推广应用。
基金Most funding by Cline Scientific AB and partly funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement RESTORE no 814558 and AUTOCRAT no 874671.
文摘Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease.It causes pain and suffering for affected patients and is the source of major economic costs for healthcare systems.Despite ongoing research,there is a lack of knowledge regarding disease mechanisms,biomarkers,and possible cures.Current treatments do not fulfill patients’long-term needs,and it often requires invasive surgical procedures with subsequent long periods of rehabilitation.Researchers and companies worldwide are working to find a suitable cell source to engineer or regenerate a functional and healthy articular cartilage tissue to implant in the damaged area.Potential cell sources to accomplish this goal include embryonic stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,or induced pluripotent stem cells.The differentiation of stem cells into different tissue types is complex,and a suitable concentration range of specific growth factors is vital.The cellular microenvironment during early embryonic development provides crucial information regarding concentrations of signaling molecules and morphogen gradients as these are essential inducers for tissue development.Thus,morphogen gradients implemented in developmental protocols aimed to engineer functional cartilage tissue can potentially generate cells comparable to those within native cartilage.In this review,we have summarized the problems with current treatments,potential cell sources for cell therapy,reviewed the progress of new treatments within the regenerative cartilage field,and highlighted the importance of cell quality,characterization assays,and chemically defined protocols.
