Osteoconductivity of Hydrophilic Surfaces of Zr-9Nb-3Sn Alloy with Hydrothermal Treatment

Zirconium and its alloys are more suitable materials for implant surgery to be performed in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner compared with other implant materials. Although they have high anticorrosion properties in the body, as do titanium and its alloys, they have little use as implants in contact with bone because of their low osteoconductivity (bone-implant contact ratio). To improve the osteoconductivity of zirconium, niobium, and Zr-9Nb-3Sn alloy, we applied a single- step hydrothermal surface treatment using distilled water at a temperature of 180°C for 3 h. The hydrothermally treated samples were stored in a ×5 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS(-)) solution to keep or to improve the water contact angle (WCA), which has a strongly positive effect on osteoconductivity. The specimen surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface roughness, and contact angle measurement using a 2 μL droplet of distilled water. The relationship between WCA and osteoconductivity for various surface modifications was examined using in vivo tests. The results showed that a superhydrophilic surface with a WCA ≤ 10° and a high osteoconductivity of up to 40% in cortical bone, about four times higher than the as-polished Zr-9Nb-3Sn and its pure alloy elements, was provided by the combination of hydrothermal surface treatment and storage in ×5 PBS(-).

Osteoinduction and Osteoconduction with Porous Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Implanted after Fibular Resection in Humans

Osteoinductive properties of β-TCP remain unknown in humans. It is important to improve the bone grafts which have been the standard treatment for bone defect due to their biocompatibility and bone-healing properties. The purpose of this study was to radiologically clarify the bone forming property of β-TCP by evaluating the replacement of β-TCP by newly formed bone in the defect after fibular resection and to examine the histological features of a β-TCP specimen three months after grafting. Radiographs of 17 patients who underwent β-TCP grafting were evaluated. Osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties were assessed by examining bone formation from the remnant fibula, periosteum, and β-TCP alone. In one case, β-TCP was removed later because of postoperative complications and was evaluated histologically. Twenty two of 34 sites between the remnant fibula and β-TCP had achieved good bone regeneration. Five of 14 sites between the periosteum and β-TCP had achieved good bone regeneration. We found immature but evident bone formation in three cases with no osseous and periosteal sites. Histological analysis revealed bone formation on the outer macropore surface of β-TCP. Some blood vessels formed in the macropores expressed CD31 and CD34, while a few lymphatic vessels expressed CD34 and podoplanin. Thus, the osteoinductive ability of β-TCP alone was demonstrated in humans radiographically for the first time. The histological morphology of β-TCP was demonstrated at an early stage after grafting in humans.

Preparation of Filling Porous Osteoconduction Materials and Its Animal Experiment Study

Titanium rods were processed into implant samples with cavity and groove in which was filled with HAP/β-TCP porous osteoconduction composite materials in order to increase the mechanical stability of the implant in vivo.The phase compositions of the composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.Histological evaluation showed that the biogradable composite could enhanced the ability of new bone formation.The composite can conduct new bone tissue growing into the cavities gradually after implanted into animal,and then achieve mechanical fixation.The filling biogradable compound exhibited excellent biocompatibility,which combined with the new bone tissues tightly without inflammation and loosing.

Osteoconductivity of Superhydrophilic Anodized TiO₂Coatings on Ti Treated with Hydrothermal Processes

Surface hydrophilicity is considered to have a strong influence on the biological reactions of bone-substituting materials. However, the influence of a hydrophilic surface on osteoconductivity is not completely clear, especially for superhydrophilic surfaces. In this study, we conferred superhydrophilic properties on anodized TiO2 coatings using a hydrothermal treatment, and developed a method to maintain this surface until implantation. The osteoconductivity of these coatings was evaluated with in vivo tests. A hydrothermal treatment made the surface of as-anodized samples more hydrophilic, up to a water contact angle of 13 (deg.). Storage in both air and distilled water increased the water contact angle after several days because of the adsorption of hydrocarbon. However, storage in phosphate buffered solution led to a reduction in the water contact angle, because of the adsorption of the inorganic ions in the solution, and the sample retained its high hydrophilicity for a long time. As the water contact angle decreased, the hard tissue formation ratio increased continuously up to 58%, which was about four times higher than the hard tissue formation ratio on as-polished Ti.

High Osteoconductive Surface of Pure Titanium by Hydrothermal Treatment

Surface properties of Ti implants (especially surface hydrophilicity) influence biological responses at the interface between the bone tissue and the implant. However, only a little research reported the effect of surface hydrophilicity on osteoconductivity by in vivo test. We have investigated the surface characteristics and osteoconductivity of titanium implant produced by hydrothermal treatment using distilled water at temperature of 180°C for 3 h, and compared with as-polished and those of implants produced by anodizing in 0.1 M H2SO4 with applied voltage from 0 V to 100 V at 0.1 Vsˉ1 and anodizing followed by hydrothermal treatment. The relationship between hydrophilic surface and osteoconductivity in various surface modifications was examined by in vivo test. In order to maintain the hydrophilicity of the hydrothermal sample surface, it was kept in to the phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) with 5 times concentration: 5PBS(-) in room temperature. The surface characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface roughness and contact angle measurement using a 2 μL droplet of distilled water. In in vivo testing, the rod samples (Φ2 × 5 mm) were implanted in male rat’s tibiae for 14 days and the bone-implant contact ratio, RB-I, was used to evaluate the osteoconductivity in the cortical and cancellous bone parts, respectively. As a result, hydrothermal treatment without anodizing still produced a smooth surface like an initial surface roughness of as-polished samples, Ra/μm B-I = 50% in cortical bone part (about four times higher than as-polished Ti) were provided by only hydrothermal process without anodizing after immersing into 5PBS(-).

Osteoconductivity Control Based on the Chemical Properties of the Implant Surface

Metallic materials, such as Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, and their alloys, and also stainless steels are widely attractive as osteoconductive materials in the dental and orthopedic fields. Ceramics and polymers are also commonly used as biomaterials. However, they do not have high osteoconductivity in their pure form, and surface coatings with bioactive substances, such as hydroxyapatite or TiO2, are needed before implantation into the bone. Many reports claim that the surface chemical properties of implants, in particular, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, strongly affect the biological reactions. However, the effect of surface properties on osteoconductivity is not clear. In this review, we focus on the relationship between the surface hydrophilicity of metallic implants and osteoconductivity using in vivo evaluation, and the control of the osteoconductivity is discussed from the viewpoint of protein adsorption in implants.

Surface Modification of PEEK and Its Osteoconductivity and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is known as one of the “super-engineering plastics” and is used as an intervertebral disk spacer in the body. PEEK has a hydrophobic surface (water contact angle (WCA) > 80°) and high chemical resistance, and it is thus difficult to perform any surface treatment, such as hydrophilization. In this study, we aimed to form a hydrophilic surface on PEEK without coating layers by using hydroprocessing (aqueous solution processing), and we examined the osteoconductivity and anti-inflammatory properties of surface-treated PEEK in vivo compared with Ti implants. The WCA value of PEEK reached ~20° using a combination of immersion in a solution of >16.2 M H2SO4 and ultraviolet irradiation (172 nm). In in vivo testing, the hydrophilization of PEEK by surface modification without a coating layer improved the osteoconductivity and anti-inflammatory properties. The relationship between the bone-implant contact ratio and the WCA values of the surface-modified PEEK agreed well with that of the surface-treated Ti.

Influence of Alloy Elements on the Osteoconductivity of Anodized Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr Alloy

Anodizing is expected to be an effective method to improve the osteoconductivity of the Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) alloy because the bioactivity of anodized Ti is good. However, it is not known how the alloy elements influence the surface roughness, composition, hydrophilicity, and osteoconductivity of the anodized film on the Ti alloy. In this study, we investigated the effects of anodizing on the surface properties and the osteoconductivity of the anodized TNTZ alloy, focusing on the functions of the individual alloy elements. The anodized oxides of the Nb, Ta, and Zr metals were hydrophobic at all the voltages applied, in contrast to the anodized oxide of Ti. As well as pure Ti, a TiO2-based oxide film formed on TNTZ after anodizing. However, the oxide film also contained large amounts of Nb species and the molar Nb/Ti ratio in the TNTZ alloy was high, which makes the surface more hydrophobic than the anodized oxide on Ti. In vivo tests showed that the osteoconductivity of the TNTZ alloy was sensitive to both its surface roughness and hydrophilicity. When the TNTZ alloy was anodized, the process increased either the surface hydrophobicity or the surface roughness at the voltage used in this study. These changes in the surface properties did not improve its osteoconductivity.

Powder metallurgical Ti-Mg metal-metal composites facilitate osteoconduction and osseointegration for orthopedic application

In this work,TieMg metal-metal composites(MMCs)were successfully fabricated by spark plasma sintering(SPS).In vitro,the proliferation and differentiation of SaOS-2 cells in response to TieMg metal-metal composites(MMCs)were investigated.In vivo,a rat model with femur condyle defect was employed,and TieMg MMCs implants were embedded into the femur condyles.Results showed that TieMg MMCs exhibited enhanced cytocompatibility to SaOS-2 cells than pure Ti.The micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT)results showed that the volume of bone trabecula was significantly more abundant around TieMg implants than around Ti implants,indicating that more active new-bone formed around TieMg MMCs implants.Hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining analysis revealed significantly greater osteointegration around TieMg implants than that around Ti implants.

Biofunctionalized composite scaffold to potentiate osteoconduction,angiogenesis,and favorable metabolic microenvironment for osteonecrosis therapy

Osteonecrosis is a common orthopedic disease in clinic,resulting in joint collapse if no appropriate treatment is performed in time.Core decompression is a general treatment modality for early osteonecrosis.However,effective bone regeneration in the necrotic area is still a significant challenge.This study developed a biofunctionalized composite scaffold(PLGA/nHA30VEGF)for osteonecrosis therapy through potentiation of osteoconduction,angiogenesis,and a favorable metabolic microenvironment.The composite scaffold had a porosity of 87.7%and compressive strength of 8.9 MPa.PLGA/nHA30VEGF had an average pore size of 227.6μm and a water contact angle of 56.5◦with a sustained release profile of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).After the implantation of PLGA/nHA30VEGF,various osteogenic and angiogenic biomarkers were upregulated by 2-9 fold compared with no treatment.Additionally,the metabolomic and lipidomic profiling studies demonstrated that PLGA/nHA30VEGF effectively regulated the multiple metabolites and more than 20 inordinate metabolic pathways in osteonecrosis.The excellent performances reveal that the biofunctionalized composite scaffold provides an advanced adjuvant therapy modality for osteonecrosis.

中药单体促进骨缺损修复再生的研究进展

骨缺损是由创伤、炎症等各种原因造成的骨质缺失,随着人口老龄化,其修复再生成为临床中重点关注的课题。骨组织改建存在三种基本的生物学机制:包括骨生成、骨诱导和骨引导,这些机制相互依存,对骨缺损的修复至关重要。目前,常用的修复方法包括骨移植、引导骨再生术等,但各有其局限性。近年来,传统医学应用于骨缺损修复的研究发现中药单体有助于促进骨缺损区域的骨再生。本文综述了中药单体在促进骨生成、骨诱导和骨引导方面的作用,为中药在骨缺损再生领域的应用提供了理论基础。

亚微米拓扑结构磷酸三钙陶瓷的研制及骨诱导性能

背景:人工合成的磷酸钙陶瓷材料与天然骨组织无机成分相似,通过表面形貌和化学组成进行功能化设计可赋予其优异的骨传导和骨诱导性能,研发具有骨诱导性能的磷酸钙陶瓷材料是目前的研究热点。目的:通过材料形貌调控和功能化设计赋予亚微米拓扑结构磷酸三钙陶瓷骨诱导性能,检测其理化性能及骨诱导性能。方法:采用高温烧结法制备亚微米拓扑结构的磷酸三钙陶瓷,以市场可供商品化的骨修复材料Bio-Oss骨粉为对照组,表征两种材料的表面形貌、蛋白吸附能力及体外矿化性能。将第3代人牙周膜干细胞与两种材料浸提液共培养,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,茜素红染色检测细胞矿化性能;将第3代人牙周膜干细胞分别接种至两种材料表面,采用碱性磷酸酶染色检测早期成骨,qR T-PCR检测成骨相关因子的表达。结果与结论:(1)扫描电镜下可见两种材料均具有颗粒状纹理的微孔表面,Bio-Oss颗粒明显小于磷酸三钙陶瓷,两种材料的总孔隙度、大孔隙度和微孔隙度相似,磷酸三钙陶瓷主要为亚微米级孔隙,晶粒粒径100 nm-1.0μm,Bio-Oss骨粉主要为纳米级孔隙;体外矿化实验显示,磷酸三钙陶瓷表面诱导骨磷灰石沉积的能力强于Bio-Oss骨粉;与Bio-Oss骨粉相比,磷酸三钙陶瓷可从胎牛血清、牛血清白蛋白溶液中吸附更多的蛋白质(P<0.05);(2)CCK-8实验显示,两种材料均促进细胞增殖,两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);(3)磷酸三钙陶瓷组培养4,7 d的碱性磷酸酶活性高于Bio-Oss组(P<0.05),培养21 d的矿化结节数量多于Bio-Oss组;培养7,14 d的碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、骨桥蛋白及Runx-2的mRNA表达均高于Bio-Oss组(P<0.05);(4)结果表明,新型磷酸钙陶瓷具有优越的体外骨诱导性能。

分析锁定加压钢板加骨诱导活性材料和自体骨治疗股骨远端C3型骨折的疗效

目的探讨对股骨远端C3型骨折患者采用锁定加压钢板+骨诱导活性材料+自体骨方法完成治疗后的临床效果。方法选取2021年3月—2022年5月济宁市中医院收治的74例股骨远端C3型骨折患者作为研究对象,以投掷硬币法分组,施以单钢板固定治疗的设为参照组(37例),施以锁定加压钢板+骨诱导活性材料+自体骨方法治疗的设为研究组(37例),对比两组治疗效果及膝关节功能评分。结果研究组治疗总有效率为97.30%,高于参照组的78.38%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.553,P<0.05)。研究组各项膝关节功能评分均优于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论股骨远端C3型骨折患者采用锁定加压钢板+骨诱导活性材料+自体骨方法治疗后,可显著提高膝关节稳定性、活动度以及股四头肌力量,并改善疼痛评分,预后良好。

骨组织工程支架及生物材料研究

组织工程的出现为人类治疗骨缺损提供了一种新的选择。在骨组织工程中 ,支架扮演着十分重要的角色。本文就骨组织工程用支架材料的性能要求。

磷酸钙牙根管材料的封闭性能研究

以自行研制的磷酸钙 ( α- TCP/ TTCP)水泥作为牙根管充填材料 ,为了评价该材料的封闭性能 ,以六只成年狗作为实验对象 ,人为造成根端开放后 ,在根管内充填磷酸钙水泥 ,并同时以 Ca( OH) 2 糊剂、HA糊剂作为对照组 ,动态观察根尖孔闭合情况及根尖周组织修复过程 ,进行组织学及 SEM分析。结果表明 ,磷酸钙水泥比 Ca( OH) 2 糊剂和 HA糊剂的封闭性能更为优异 ,在根管内与牙本质壁适合性好 ,具有优良的生物相容性 ,能引导根尖钙化组织沉积 ,完全封闭根尖孔 ,促进根尖周组织愈合。适用于根端开放。

壳多糖膜管修复兔桡骨缺损的实验研究

取新西兰兔１５只，造成双侧桡骨骨干８ｍｍ骨缺损。一侧采用１ｍｍ厚壳多糖膜管包绕成管室＇状，两端各超越骨断端２ｍｍ；另一侧作为空白对照组。术后６周，对愈合情况采用ｘ线及组织学检查，空白组均呈骨不连接，膜管包绕组，在其表面形成薄形、连续性外骨痂，膜管内形成少量骨痂。结果表明，壳多糖对骨组织修复有传导成骨作用。

基因重组人骨形成蛋白-2和牛骨形成蛋白异位诱导成骨的比较

目的 :观察基因重组人骨形成蛋白 2 (rhBMP 2 )和牛骨形成蛋白 (bBMP)分别与珊瑚 /聚乳酸形成复合人工骨的异位诱导成骨活性 ,同时比较两种骨形成蛋白的成骨效率。方法 :把rhBMP 2和bBMP分别与珊瑚 /聚乳酸形成复合人工骨 ,进行小鼠肌内种植 1、3、6周后 ,组织学观察和组织形态测量 ,比较其异位诱导成骨活性。结果 :rhBMP 2和bBMP存在骨诱导差异 ,rhBMP 2诱导成骨量相对较少但血管、骨髓含量丰富 ,bBMP则相反。结论 :两种BMP都具有良好的诱骨活性 ,但在成骨量和血管。

壳聚糖复合生物膜引导颅颌骨再生的研究

目的 开发研制新型骨引导再生膜 -壳聚糖复合膜用于口腔颌面外科骨缺损的修复。方法 壳聚糖复合膜由可降解壳聚糖凝胶和珊瑚微晶复合而成 ,成膜经理化性能及生物相容性测试后植入家兔的实验性颅颌骨缺损中 ,设置对照组 ;采用不脱钙组织切片、四环素荧光示踪、放射性同位素标记、放射自显影观测以及多媒体骨组织计量学分析等手段对该膜制品促进骨创愈合的效果进行了系统的评估。结果 该新型壳聚糖复合膜理化性能及生物相容性良好 ;体内植入与对照组相比可明显促进家兔颅颌骨创愈合 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 新型壳聚糖 /珊瑚微晶复合膜具备良好的引导成骨活性 ,可望进一步开发成一种有效的口腔颌面骨组织引导再生膜制品。

羟基磷灰石梯度涂层的生物学研究

目的 :本实验研究HA梯度涂层材料在体内负重条件下的生物学表现。方法 :将经梯度涂层羟基磷灰石的钛合金栓与非涂层钛合金栓分别植入狗下肢的负重区 ,观察植入体与骨结合界面的生物学特性。结果 :组织学研究显示类骨样基质直接沉积在HA涂层表面 ,涂层与宿主骨紧密结合。而非涂层组新生骨形成的数量和速度远低于HA涂层组。生物力学测试显示HA组与宿主骨结合界面的抗剪强度均远大于非涂层组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :结果表明HA梯度涂层法作为新颖的涂层方法有其实际临床应用价值。

生物吸收性多孔碳酸化羟基磷灰石支架的骨传导性体外研究

目的:通过体外实验对新型生物吸收性多孔碳酸化羟基磷灰石(CAP)支架材料的骨传导性进行评价。方法:体外分离培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,向成骨诱导后,定植于不同孔隙率及不同碳酸根含量的CAP支架材料上共同培养,通过扫描电镜、细胞黏附及增殖检测(MTT法)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)定量检测、骨钙素(OCN)定量检测,评价成骨细胞在支架材料上的附着、增殖和分化情况。结果:成骨细胞定植于不同孔隙率及碳酸根含量的支架材料上,4 h均已开始黏附、且增殖情况良好。分化实验中,ALP和OCN在各组支架材料分化良好。不同孔隙率支架材料组间比较,40%孔隙率的实验组对ALP分化的促进作用有明显优势。结论:CAP支架材料有良好的生物相容性和骨传导性,是一种良好的组织工程支架材料。