Although various anti-osteoporosis drugs are available,the limitations of these therapies,including drug resistance and collateral responses,require the development of novel anti-osteoporosis agents.Rhizoma Drynariae ...Although various anti-osteoporosis drugs are available,the limitations of these therapies,including drug resistance and collateral responses,require the development of novel anti-osteoporosis agents.Rhizoma Drynariae displays a promising anti-osteoporosis effect,while the effective component and mechanism remain unclear.Here,we revealed the therapeutic potential of Rhizoma Drynariae-derived nanovesicles(RDNVs)for postmenopausal osteoporosis and demonstrated that RDNVs potentiated osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMSCs)by targeting estrogen receptor-alpha(ERα).RDNVs,a natural product isolated from fresh Rhizoma Drynariae root juice by differential ultracentrifugation,exhibited potent bone tissue-targeting activity and anti-osteoporosis efficacy in an ovariectomized mouse model.RDNVs,effectively internalized by hBMSCs,enhanced proliferation and ERαexpression levels of hBMSC,and promoted osteogenic differentiation and bone formation.Mechanistically,via the ERαsignaling pathway,RDNVs facilitated mRNA and protein expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and runt-related transcription factor 2 in hBMSCs,which are involved in regulating osteogenic differentiation.Further analysis revealed that naringin,existing in RDNVs,was the active component targeting ERαin the osteogenic effect.Taken together,our study identified that naringin in RDNVs displays exciting bone tissue-targeting activity to reverse osteoporosis by promoting hBMSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation through estrogen-like effects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis(OP)has become a major public health problem worldwide.Most OP treatments are based on the inhibition of bone resorption,and it is necessary to identify additional treatments aimed at enhancing ...BACKGROUND Osteoporosis(OP)has become a major public health problem worldwide.Most OP treatments are based on the inhibition of bone resorption,and it is necessary to identify additional treatments aimed at enhancing osteogenesis.In the bone marrow(BM)niche,bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)are exposed to a hypoxic environment.Recently,a few studies have demonstrated that hypoxiainducible factor 2alpha(HIF-2α)is involved in BMSC osteogenic differentiation,but the molecular mechanism involved has not been determined.AIM To investigate the effect of HIF-2αon the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the hematopoietic function of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)in the BM niche on the progression of OP.METHODS Mice with BMSC-specific HIF-2αknockout(Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl mice)were used for in vivo experiments.Bone quantification was performed on mice of two genotypes with three interventions:Bilateral ovariectomy,semilethal irradiation,and dexamethasone treatment.Moreover,the hematopoietic function of HSCs in the BM niche was compared between the two mouse genotypes.In vitro,the HIF-2αagonist roxadustat and the HIF-2αinhibitor PT2399 were used to investigate the function of HIF-2αin BMSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.Finally,we investigated the effect of HIF-2αon BMSCs via treatment with the mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)agonist MHY1485 and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin.RESULTS The quantitative index determined by microcomputed tomography indicated that the femoral bone density of Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl mice was lower than that of Hif-2αfl/fl mice under the three intervention conditions.In vitro,Hif-2αfl/fl mouse BMSCs were cultured and treated with the HIF-2αagonist roxadustat,and after 7 d of BMSC adipogenic differentiation,the oil red O staining intensity and mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes in BMSCs treated with roxadustat were decreased;in addition,after 14 d of osteogenic differentiation,BMSCs treated with roxadustat exhibited increased expression of osteogenesis-related genes.The opposite effects were shown for mouse BMSCs treated with the HIF-2αinhibitor PT2399.The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was used to confirm that HIF-2αregulated BMSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation by inhibiting the mTOR pathway.Consequently,there was no significant difference in the hematopoietic function of HSCs between Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl and Hif-2αfl/fl mice.CONCLUSION Our study showed that inhibition of HIF-2αdecreases bone mass by inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation and increasing the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through inhibition of mTOR signaling in the BM niche.展开更多
背景:近年研究表明,柚皮苷抗骨质疏松的研究大多停留在体内外实验当中,了解相关信号通路的作用机制以及相关蛋白与某些特定基因的表达是深入了解柚皮苷发挥抗骨质疏松症的重要途径。目前,中医药已被证实在抗骨质疏松方面具有显著作用,...背景:近年研究表明,柚皮苷抗骨质疏松的研究大多停留在体内外实验当中,了解相关信号通路的作用机制以及相关蛋白与某些特定基因的表达是深入了解柚皮苷发挥抗骨质疏松症的重要途径。目前,中医药已被证实在抗骨质疏松方面具有显著作用,柚皮苷是骨碎补中的主要有效成分之一,其抗骨质疏松的有效性及作用机制逐渐得到学者们认可,其临床与基础研究逐渐被大家重视。目的:分析总结柚皮苷在体内外发挥抗骨质疏松作用的研究进展,为下一步研究其相关的作用机制提供一些思路。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普数据库及PubMed数据库收录的相关文献,中文检索词为“柚皮苷,骨质疏松症,中药单体,发病机制,信号通路,骨髓间充质干细胞,成骨细胞,破骨细胞”等;英文检索词为“Naringin,Osteoporosis,Chinese medicine monomer,pathogenesis,Signal path,Bmscs,Osteoblast,Osteoclast”等,并根据研究需要确立相应的标准,对最终所得文献进行筛选,最终纳入69篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)柚皮苷阻断了富含果糖饮食引起的破骨细胞和脂肪细胞数量的增加以及骨细胞和骨钙素(+)细胞数量的减少、并且通过促进成骨细胞和骨细胞分泌Sema3A,从而激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路局部增强成骨细胞骨形成,同时抑制破骨细胞生成。(2)柚皮苷通过诱导成骨细胞自噬是一种重要的形式,然而自噬相关蛋白参与成骨细胞分化和骨形成,当成骨细胞缺乏自噬会降低矿化能力,并导致成骨细胞和破骨细胞数量不平衡,从而导致骨量丢失,骨密度下降。(3)搭载柚皮苷的复合支架可为骨缺损修复提供必要的载体,并且柚皮苷还能增加局部骨形态发生蛋白2和血管内皮生长因子的含量,从而加速新生骨组织的生长,具备优异的骨修复性能。(4)柚皮苷可调控ERK、PI3K/Akt和Wnt等相关信号通路来发挥调节骨代谢以及抑制氧化应激等作用,进而调控骨质疏松症,对该病起到良好的防治作用,但目前相关研究深度和广度不足,在未来应基于目前的机制研究,深入探究柚皮苷调控该病不同通路的具体机制及通路间相互作用,将有利于运用柚皮苷治疗骨质疏松症的多元发展。展开更多
为了研究淫羊藿苷(ICA)抑制Notch信号通路对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)成骨分化。选取8周龄SPF级健康雌性大鼠40只,手术摘除双侧卵巢建立大鼠骨质疏松症模型。收集BMSCs细胞进行体外分离培养,取传代第三代细胞进行鉴定,试验组加入浓度为0....为了研究淫羊藿苷(ICA)抑制Notch信号通路对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)成骨分化。选取8周龄SPF级健康雌性大鼠40只,手术摘除双侧卵巢建立大鼠骨质疏松症模型。收集BMSCs细胞进行体外分离培养,取传代第三代细胞进行鉴定,试验组加入浓度为0.8 g/100 mL ICA,对照组加入同剂量的雌激素,对细胞进行培养。收集培育的细胞上清液,检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和骨钙素(OCN)水平及Notch信号通路中相关蛋白Notch1、Jagged-1、CBF1的表达水平。结果表明,流式细胞检测P3代骨髓间充质干细胞表面抗原,CD90、CD44、CD34、CD11阳性率分别为98.2%,93.3%,2.6%,4.4%,确认细胞鉴定为骨髓干细胞。与对照组比较,试验组ALP和OCN活性明显升高、另外Noth1、CBF1、Jagged-1蛋白表达量均较对照组降低。淫羊藿苷通过上调ALP和OCN水平及抑制Notch通路中Notch1、CBF1、Jagged-1蛋白的表达,实现对去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠BMSCs的增殖和成骨细胞分化。展开更多
As multipotent progenitor cells,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)can renew themselves and give rise to multiple lineages including osteoblastic,chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages.It’s previously shown that BMP9 is the m...As multipotent progenitor cells,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)can renew themselves and give rise to multiple lineages including osteoblastic,chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages.It’s previously shown that BMP9 is the most potent BMP and induces osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs.However,the molecular mechanism through which BMP9 regulates MSC differentiation remains poorly understood.Emerging evidence indicates that noncoding RNAs,especially microRNAs,may play important roles in regulating MSC differentiation and bone formation.As highly conserved RNA binding proteins,Argonaute(AGO)proteins are essential components of the multi-protein RNA-induced silencing complexes(RISCs),which are critical for small RNA biogenesis.Here,we investigate possible roles of AGO proteins in BMP9-induced lineage-specific differentiation of MSCs.We first found that BMP9 upregulated the expression of Ago1,Ago2 and Ago3 in MSCs.By engineering multiplex siRNA vectors that express multiple siRNAs targeting individual Ago genes or all four Ago genes,we found that silencing individual Ago expression led to a decrease in BMP9-induced early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity in MSCs.Furthermore,we demonstrated that simultaneously silencing all four Ago genes significantly diminished BMP9-induced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs and matrix mineralization,and ectopic bone formation.Collectively,our findings strongly indicate that AGO proteins and associated small RNA biogenesis pathway play an essential role in mediating BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82174119,81973633 and 82274220)Science and Technology Projects in Liwan District,Guangzhou(Nos.20230710 and 202201009,China)+2 种基金Young Talent Support Project of Guangzhou Association for Science and Technology(No.QT2023036,China)Special focus areas for General Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2022ZDZX2016,China)Guangdong Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Project(No.20233025,China).
文摘Although various anti-osteoporosis drugs are available,the limitations of these therapies,including drug resistance and collateral responses,require the development of novel anti-osteoporosis agents.Rhizoma Drynariae displays a promising anti-osteoporosis effect,while the effective component and mechanism remain unclear.Here,we revealed the therapeutic potential of Rhizoma Drynariae-derived nanovesicles(RDNVs)for postmenopausal osteoporosis and demonstrated that RDNVs potentiated osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMSCs)by targeting estrogen receptor-alpha(ERα).RDNVs,a natural product isolated from fresh Rhizoma Drynariae root juice by differential ultracentrifugation,exhibited potent bone tissue-targeting activity and anti-osteoporosis efficacy in an ovariectomized mouse model.RDNVs,effectively internalized by hBMSCs,enhanced proliferation and ERαexpression levels of hBMSC,and promoted osteogenic differentiation and bone formation.Mechanistically,via the ERαsignaling pathway,RDNVs facilitated mRNA and protein expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and runt-related transcription factor 2 in hBMSCs,which are involved in regulating osteogenic differentiation.Further analysis revealed that naringin,existing in RDNVs,was the active component targeting ERαin the osteogenic effect.Taken together,our study identified that naringin in RDNVs displays exciting bone tissue-targeting activity to reverse osteoporosis by promoting hBMSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation through estrogen-like effects.
基金Supported by Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2020A1515010123 and No.2021A1515010695Special Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province,No.2019A030317011.
文摘BACKGROUND Osteoporosis(OP)has become a major public health problem worldwide.Most OP treatments are based on the inhibition of bone resorption,and it is necessary to identify additional treatments aimed at enhancing osteogenesis.In the bone marrow(BM)niche,bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)are exposed to a hypoxic environment.Recently,a few studies have demonstrated that hypoxiainducible factor 2alpha(HIF-2α)is involved in BMSC osteogenic differentiation,but the molecular mechanism involved has not been determined.AIM To investigate the effect of HIF-2αon the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the hematopoietic function of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)in the BM niche on the progression of OP.METHODS Mice with BMSC-specific HIF-2αknockout(Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl mice)were used for in vivo experiments.Bone quantification was performed on mice of two genotypes with three interventions:Bilateral ovariectomy,semilethal irradiation,and dexamethasone treatment.Moreover,the hematopoietic function of HSCs in the BM niche was compared between the two mouse genotypes.In vitro,the HIF-2αagonist roxadustat and the HIF-2αinhibitor PT2399 were used to investigate the function of HIF-2αin BMSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.Finally,we investigated the effect of HIF-2αon BMSCs via treatment with the mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)agonist MHY1485 and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin.RESULTS The quantitative index determined by microcomputed tomography indicated that the femoral bone density of Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl mice was lower than that of Hif-2αfl/fl mice under the three intervention conditions.In vitro,Hif-2αfl/fl mouse BMSCs were cultured and treated with the HIF-2αagonist roxadustat,and after 7 d of BMSC adipogenic differentiation,the oil red O staining intensity and mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes in BMSCs treated with roxadustat were decreased;in addition,after 14 d of osteogenic differentiation,BMSCs treated with roxadustat exhibited increased expression of osteogenesis-related genes.The opposite effects were shown for mouse BMSCs treated with the HIF-2αinhibitor PT2399.The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was used to confirm that HIF-2αregulated BMSC osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation by inhibiting the mTOR pathway.Consequently,there was no significant difference in the hematopoietic function of HSCs between Prx1-Cre;Hif-2αfl/fl and Hif-2αfl/fl mice.CONCLUSION Our study showed that inhibition of HIF-2αdecreases bone mass by inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation and increasing the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through inhibition of mTOR signaling in the BM niche.
文摘背景:近年研究表明,柚皮苷抗骨质疏松的研究大多停留在体内外实验当中,了解相关信号通路的作用机制以及相关蛋白与某些特定基因的表达是深入了解柚皮苷发挥抗骨质疏松症的重要途径。目前,中医药已被证实在抗骨质疏松方面具有显著作用,柚皮苷是骨碎补中的主要有效成分之一,其抗骨质疏松的有效性及作用机制逐渐得到学者们认可,其临床与基础研究逐渐被大家重视。目的:分析总结柚皮苷在体内外发挥抗骨质疏松作用的研究进展,为下一步研究其相关的作用机制提供一些思路。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普数据库及PubMed数据库收录的相关文献,中文检索词为“柚皮苷,骨质疏松症,中药单体,发病机制,信号通路,骨髓间充质干细胞,成骨细胞,破骨细胞”等;英文检索词为“Naringin,Osteoporosis,Chinese medicine monomer,pathogenesis,Signal path,Bmscs,Osteoblast,Osteoclast”等,并根据研究需要确立相应的标准,对最终所得文献进行筛选,最终纳入69篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)柚皮苷阻断了富含果糖饮食引起的破骨细胞和脂肪细胞数量的增加以及骨细胞和骨钙素(+)细胞数量的减少、并且通过促进成骨细胞和骨细胞分泌Sema3A,从而激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路局部增强成骨细胞骨形成,同时抑制破骨细胞生成。(2)柚皮苷通过诱导成骨细胞自噬是一种重要的形式,然而自噬相关蛋白参与成骨细胞分化和骨形成,当成骨细胞缺乏自噬会降低矿化能力,并导致成骨细胞和破骨细胞数量不平衡,从而导致骨量丢失,骨密度下降。(3)搭载柚皮苷的复合支架可为骨缺损修复提供必要的载体,并且柚皮苷还能增加局部骨形态发生蛋白2和血管内皮生长因子的含量,从而加速新生骨组织的生长,具备优异的骨修复性能。(4)柚皮苷可调控ERK、PI3K/Akt和Wnt等相关信号通路来发挥调节骨代谢以及抑制氧化应激等作用,进而调控骨质疏松症,对该病起到良好的防治作用,但目前相关研究深度和广度不足,在未来应基于目前的机制研究,深入探究柚皮苷调控该病不同通路的具体机制及通路间相互作用,将有利于运用柚皮苷治疗骨质疏松症的多元发展。
文摘为了研究淫羊藿苷(ICA)抑制Notch信号通路对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)成骨分化。选取8周龄SPF级健康雌性大鼠40只,手术摘除双侧卵巢建立大鼠骨质疏松症模型。收集BMSCs细胞进行体外分离培养,取传代第三代细胞进行鉴定,试验组加入浓度为0.8 g/100 mL ICA,对照组加入同剂量的雌激素,对细胞进行培养。收集培育的细胞上清液,检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和骨钙素(OCN)水平及Notch信号通路中相关蛋白Notch1、Jagged-1、CBF1的表达水平。结果表明,流式细胞检测P3代骨髓间充质干细胞表面抗原,CD90、CD44、CD34、CD11阳性率分别为98.2%,93.3%,2.6%,4.4%,确认细胞鉴定为骨髓干细胞。与对照组比较,试验组ALP和OCN活性明显升高、另外Noth1、CBF1、Jagged-1蛋白表达量均较对照组降低。淫羊藿苷通过上调ALP和OCN水平及抑制Notch通路中Notch1、CBF1、Jagged-1蛋白的表达,实现对去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠BMSCs的增殖和成骨细胞分化。
基金The reported work was supported in part by research grants from the National Institutes of Health(CA226303 to TCH,and AR072731 to JY)the Chicago Biomedical Consortium with support from the Searle Funds at The Chicago Community Trust(RRR),and the Scoliosis Research Society(TCH and MJL)+2 种基金WW was supported by the Medical Scientist Training Program of the National Institutes of Health(T32 GM007281)This project was also supported in part by The University of Chicago Cancer Center Support Grant(P30CA014599)the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences(NCATS)of the National Institutes of Health(NIH)through Grant Number 5UL1TR002389-02 that funds the Institute for Translational Medicine(ITM).TCH was supported by the Mabel Green Myers Research Endowment Fund and The University of Chicago Orthopaedics Alumni Fund.
文摘As multipotent progenitor cells,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)can renew themselves and give rise to multiple lineages including osteoblastic,chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages.It’s previously shown that BMP9 is the most potent BMP and induces osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs.However,the molecular mechanism through which BMP9 regulates MSC differentiation remains poorly understood.Emerging evidence indicates that noncoding RNAs,especially microRNAs,may play important roles in regulating MSC differentiation and bone formation.As highly conserved RNA binding proteins,Argonaute(AGO)proteins are essential components of the multi-protein RNA-induced silencing complexes(RISCs),which are critical for small RNA biogenesis.Here,we investigate possible roles of AGO proteins in BMP9-induced lineage-specific differentiation of MSCs.We first found that BMP9 upregulated the expression of Ago1,Ago2 and Ago3 in MSCs.By engineering multiplex siRNA vectors that express multiple siRNAs targeting individual Ago genes or all four Ago genes,we found that silencing individual Ago expression led to a decrease in BMP9-induced early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity in MSCs.Furthermore,we demonstrated that simultaneously silencing all four Ago genes significantly diminished BMP9-induced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs and matrix mineralization,and ectopic bone formation.Collectively,our findings strongly indicate that AGO proteins and associated small RNA biogenesis pathway play an essential role in mediating BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
