Managements of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures:A narrative review

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs)are the most common fragility fracture and significantly influence the quality of life in the elderly.Currently,the literature lacks a comprehensive narrative review of the management of OVCFs.The purpose of this study is to review background information,diagnosis,and surgical and non-surgical management of the OVCFs.A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar for articles in the English language between 1980 and 2021 was performed.Combinations of the following terms were used:compression fractures,vertebral compression fractures,osteoporosis,osteoporotic compression fractures,vertebroplasty,kyphoplasty,bisphosphonates,calcitonin,and osteoporosis treatments.Additional articles were also included by examining the reference list of articles found in the search.OVCFs,especially those that occur over long periods,can be asymptomatic.Symptoms of acute OVCFs include pain localized to the mid-line spine,a loss in height,and decreased mobility.The primary treatment regimens are pain control,medication management,vertebral augmentation,and anterior or posterior decompression and reconstructions.Pain control can be achieved with acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for mild pain or opioids and/or calcitonin for moderate to severe pain.Bisphosphonates and denosumab are the first-line treatments for osteoporosis.Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are reserved for patients who have not found symptomatic relief through conservative methods and are effective in achieving pain relief.Vertebroplasty is less technical and cheaper than kyphoplasty but could have more complications.Calcium and vitamin D supplementation can have a protective and therapeutic effect.Management of OVCFs must be combined with multiple approaches.Appropriate exercises and activity modification are important in fracture prevention.Medication with different mechanisms of action is a critical long-term causal treatment strategy.The minimally invasive surgical interventions such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are reserved for patients not responsive to conservative therapy and are recognized as efficient stopgap treatment methods.Posterior decompression and fixation or Anterior decompression and reconstruction may be required if neurological deficits are present.The detailed pathogenesis and related targeted treatment options still need to be developed for better clinical outcomes.

Outcomes of different minimally invasive surgical treatments for vertebral compression fractures:An observational study

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis with vertebral compression fractures is increasingly common in the elderly population.Cement augmentation is one of the effective surgical treatments for these patients.Currently,there are several different types of cement augmentation treatments.No studies have compared the safety and efficacy of different cement augmentation types for the treatment of such fractures;thus,we retrospectively compared vertebroplasty,balloon kyphoplasty,and kyphoplasty with SpineJack or an intravertebral expandable pillar.AIM To compare the postoperative safety and efficacy of each surgical intervention in treating vertebral compression fractures.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 354 patients with acute vertebral compression fractures,defined as signal changes in the T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging,and randomly divided the patients into five groups.Their visual analog scale scores for pain,kyphotic angle,average body height,rate of cement leakage,and occurrence of adjacent vertebral compression fractures were followed for 1 year.One-way analysis of variance,the post hoc Bonferroni test,and Fisher exact probability test were used for statistical analyses.RESULTS All pain scores significantly improved 12 mo postoperatively;however,there was no significant difference between the groups(P=0.325).Kyphoplasty with SpineJack significantly reduced the kyphotic angle(P=0.028)and restored the height of the vertebral body(P=0.02).The rate of adjacent compression fractures was the highest in the vertebroplasty group,with a statistically significant difference according to the Fisher exact probability test(P=0.02).The treatment with the lowest cement leakage rate cannot be identified because of the small sample size;however,kyphoplasty with SpineJack,an IVEP,and vesselplasty resulted in lower rates of cement leakage than balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty.CONCLUSION Kyphoplasty with SpineJack has good outcomes in kyphotic angle reduction and body height restoration.Vertebroplasty has the highest cement leakage rate and adjacent compression fracture occurrence.

Vertebral Bone Drilling (Puncture) Attenuates the Acute Pain Due to Vertebral Compression Fractures

Purpose: The Investigational Vertebroplasty Efficacy and Safety Trial (INVEST), a randomized blinded controlled study of Vertebroplasty, demonstrated similar improvements in pain between blinded Vertebroplasty and sham-Vertebroplasty groups. The result from the RCT study suggested that the observed efficacy of the Vertebroplasty procedure, instead of representing the cement-mediated reduction in pain, may relate to the vertebral bone drilling per se. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of pain relief of vertebral bone drilling at the site of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the acute phase. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients with painful osteoporotic compression fractures underwent the vertebral bone drilling. We assessed primary outcome measures in the NRS pain score and RDQ score at day 0 and 3 following the drilling. Comparisons were made by using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The mean baseline NRS and RDQ score, and the mean NRS and RDQ score at day 3 were 7.3 ± 1.2, 15.7 ± 4.2, 4.6 ± 1.4, 7.3 ± 2.2, respectively. Among the patients, we detected significant improvements in NRS pain score and RDQ score at day 3 following the drilling compared with day 0 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Vertebral bone drilling at the site of painful vertebral compression fractures alleviated the intractable pain due to osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Incidental vertebral compression fractures in imaging studies:Lessons not learned by radiologists

AIM:To assess radiologists reporting rates of incidental vertebral compression fractures in imaging studies. METHODS:We performed a review of the current literature on the prevalence and reporting rates of incidental vertebral compression fractures in radiologic examinations. RESULTS:The bibliographic search revealed 12 studies:7 studies using conventional radiology and 5 using multidetector computed tomography(MDCT).The lossof height cut-off to define a vertebral fracture varied from 15%to 25%.Fracture prevalence was high (mean 21.1%;range 9.5%-35%)in both radiographic and MDCT studies(mean 21.6%and 20.2%,respectively).Reporting rates were low with a mean value of 27.4%(range 0%-66.3%)and were significantly lower in MDCT than in radiographic studies(mean 8.1%vs 41.1%).Notably,recent studies showed lower reporting rates than older studies. CONCLUSION:Many scientific studies have confirmed a high prevalence of vertebral compression fractures as incidental findings on imaging studies.However,the underreporting of these fractures,as determined in our study,may negatively affect patient care.

Comment on “Outcomes of different minimally invasive surgical treatments for vertebral compression fractures: An observational study”

Recently we read the article entitled“Outcomes of different minimally invasive surgical treatments for vertebral compression fractures:An observational study”.This was an observational study that reviewed the safety and efficacy of different cement augmentation modalities for vertebral compression fractures under osteoporotic condition.Overall,this is a valuable study that can provide a reference for clinical practice.On the other hand,we also noticed some points in the article and are willing to share our views.Further studies with a higher level of evidence can add more knowledge regarding relevant concerns.

Clinical observations of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures by using mineralized collagen modified polymethylmethacrylate bone cement

To investigate the clinical outcomes of the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs)by using mineralized collagen(MC)modified polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)bone cement.52 cases(52 vertebras)who sustained OVCF treated with MC modified PMMA bone cement from July 2014 to December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively.All the cases(52 patients,52 vertebras)included 8 males and 44 females with an average age of 74.83(ranging from 57-to 90-years old).The visual analogue scale(VAS),vertebral body height,Cobb angle,CT values preand post-operation as well as incidence of complications were used to be observed.All the patients underwent the surgery were successfully followed-up with an average period of 13.54 months(ranging from 6 to 23 months).The patients can ambulate at the second day after the operation.The VAS scores 2 days after the operation and during the last follow-up were significantly decreased compared with that before the operation(P<0.05);the average vertebral height and local Cobb angle had significant recovery(P<0.05);the CT value of the treated vertebra significantly increased compared with that before the operation(P<0.05).MC with good osteogenic activity and degradation properties can effectively improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the PMMA bone cement,thus obtain better clinical results.

Adjacent Level Vertebral Fractures in Patients Operated with Percutaneous Vertebroplasty

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that involves filling of a fractured vertebral body with bone cement to relieve pain and to restore the vertebral height. It is a safe and effective treatment and is widely used for treating Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture. Despite of its beneficial advantages over primary conservative managements, adjacent level vertebral compression fracture remains the challenge for surgeons. Adjacent level vertebral compression fracture following percutaneous vertebroplasty using PMMA cement has been reported as a complication. Numerous risk factors have been reported for the occurrence of new adjacent VCFs after PVP. The multiple level osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and the increasing age of the patients are directly proportional to the risk of developing new symptomatic adjacent vertebral compression fracture after PVP. Moreover, low BMD and cement leakage are other factors that directly affect the incidence of new symptomatic adjacent vertebral fractures. The aim of this review is to evaluate the adjacent level vertebral compression fracture following percutaneous vertebroplasty on the basis of radiographs, Kaplan-Meier Estimation index and also the factors that lead to adjacent level vertebral compression fractures.

Effect of vertebroplasty combined with pedicle internal fixation on senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture

Objective:To investigate the effect of vertebroplasty combined with pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Methods:Eighty-one patients with senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were enrolled in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2019.They were randomly divided into a single group(40 cases)and a combined group(41 cases).),a single group was treated with pedicle screw internal fixation,and the combined group was treated with vertebroplasty.The recovery,pain and dysfunction index of the injured vertebrae before and after operation were compared between the two groups.The serum neurological function related indexes before and after operation were compared and the incidence of postoperative adverse events were recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in the recovery of the injured vertebrae between the two groups(P>0.05).The compression ratio,spinal stenosis rate and Cobb angle of the combined group were significantly lower than the single group(P<0.05).On the 3rd postoperative day,there were no significant differences between the two groups in Visual Analogue Scale/Score(VAS)and Oswestry Dability Index(ODI)scores(P>0.05).The VAS and ODI scores of the group were significantly lower than those of the single group(P<0.05).On the 3rd day after surgery,the neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and brain derived neurotrophic factor(brain-derived neurotrophic factor)were used.The levels of BDNF,S100βand Nerve growth factor(NGF)were not significantly different(P>0.05).At 3 months after operation,the level of BDNF in the combined group was significantly higher than that in the single group.The levels of NSE,S100βand NGF were significantly lower than that of the single group.The group(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse events in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the single group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Vertebroplasty combined with pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture can effectively improve the recovery of postoperative vertebral body structure,postoperative pain and dysfunction in Jianing patients,improve postoperative neurological function To reduce the incidence of adverse events,with clinical promotion significance.

Experimental Study on the Repair Effect of Xianlinggubao Capsule on Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture in Rabbits

[Objectives]To observe the effect of Xianlinggubao Capsule on osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF)in rabbits and the influence mechanism of the repair of fractures.[Methods]Female June age 30 rabbits were randomly divided into control group,model control group and Xianlinggubao group.After bilateral ovariectomy,the model control group and Xianlinggubao group were injected with dexamethasone continuously for 4 weeks,and then the OVCF compound model was established by surgery.The Xianlinggubao group was treated with Xianlinggubao at a dose of 300 mg/(kg·d)for 60 d,while the blank control group and the model control group were treated with the same amount of normal saline for 60 d.The number of blood vessels and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)were detected by immunohistochemical staining and the bone mineral density(BMD)in the callus of the third lumbar fracture area of rabbits was measured.The content of serum phosphorus(P),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and total calcium(TCa)in rabbit venous blood were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer.The content of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)in rabbit venous blood were measured by ELISA kit.[Results]The number of blood vessels and the expression of BMP-2 in the callus of the third lumbar fracture area of rabbits was high in Xianlinggubao group,the content of serum P,ALP,TCa,VEGF and PDGF was obviously increased,BMD was obviously increased,the bone microstructure of the third lumbar vertebrae fracture area of rabbits was basically restored.Compared with the model control group(P<0.05),the difference was statistically significant.[Conclusions]Xianlinggubao Capsule can increase calcium and phosphorus deposition,promote the formation of blood vessels in the fracture area of OVCF in rabbits,and have a strong repair effect on OVCF in rabbits.

骨质疏松性脊柱椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体成形后骨水泥外漏原因及治疗策略

背景:随着人口老龄化的加剧,骨质疏松症的发病率逐年上升,而骨质疏松性脊柱椎体压缩骨折作为其中的一种常见并发症,给患者带来了极大的痛苦和不便。经皮椎体成形术作为一种有效的治疗方法,在临床上得到了广泛应用。然而,骨水泥外漏作为该手术的一个潜在风险,一直是研究者们关注的重点。目的:探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体成形后骨水泥外漏的原因及处理策略。方法:选择2017年3月至2021年2月于北京市平谷区医院骨科行经皮椎体成形治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者100例为研究对象,根据术后12个月随访结果分为骨水泥外漏组(n=27)和无骨水泥外漏组(n=73)。Cox比例风险回归分析筛选术后骨水泥外漏的影响因素,用以构建术后骨水泥外漏风险预测列线图模型,并对模型进行评价。行骨水泥外漏治疗后,观察术前、术后3 d、术后12个月时,27例患者的目测类比评分、Oswesry功能障碍指数。结果与结论:①27例骨水泥外漏患者中,24例均为椎间盘终板内渗漏,无明显症状及不适,无需特殊处理;1例发生肺栓塞,请呼吸科协助处理得以好转;2例有症状,行经皮椎间孔镜下骨水泥取出术;②CT值、骨折严重程度、骨水泥黏度、皮质断裂、骨水泥注入量是术后发生骨水泥外漏的独立影响因素(P<0.05);③列线图模型的校准度、区分度均较好,且具有很好的临床实用性;④对于27例术后骨水泥外漏患者,术后3 d、术后12个月时,目测类比评分均显著低于术前,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);术后12个月的Oswesry功能障碍指数显著低于术后3 d,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);⑤结果表明,骨水泥注入量、骨水泥黏度、皮质断裂、CT值、骨折严重程度是经皮椎体成形术后发生骨水泥外漏的危险因素。

双侧经皮椎体强化术中不同骨水泥填充量及分布形态的有限元分析

背景:采用双侧经皮椎体强化治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中,作者发现当骨水泥注射总量达4 mL及以上时会在X射线片上呈现不同的分布形态,然而关于骨水泥分布形态对骨折椎体生物力学特性的影响鲜有报道。目的:利用有限元法进一步探讨骨水泥填充量及分布形态对骨折椎体生物力学的影响。方法:建立L_1-L_3骨质疏松有限元模型,在L_2节段模拟椎体压缩骨折,在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折模型上分别模拟4 mL及6 mL骨水泥注入量及双侧部分融合(FH型)、完全融合(FO型)、对称分离(SA型)、非对称分离(SN型)4种骨水泥分布形态,共获得9组模型。在相同边界条件下进行三维有限元求解,比较L_2骨折椎体的应力及位移。结果与结论:(1)9组模型的最大应力均集中于L_2骨折区域,各骨水泥填充骨折模型的L_2最大应力和最大位移均小于无骨水泥填充骨折模型,说明骨水泥填充治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折有效;(2)与4 mL骨水泥填充相比,6 mL骨水泥填充在提高骨折椎体稳定性的同时可显著降低骨折椎体应力,增强椎体强度;(3)在相同运动状态下,FH型组骨折椎体应力均为最小,其次为SA型组,该两组接近,FO型组骨折椎体应力最大,在侧弯动作中尤为明显,可能与骨水泥团块形状导致侧方应力集中有关;FH型组骨折椎体位移最小,FO型组骨折椎体位移最大;(4)结果显示,增加骨水泥注入剂量可以降低骨折椎体应力,提高稳定性,但会增加渗漏风险;双侧对称弥散分布骨水泥(FH型、SA型)在恢复椎体强度及稳定性上均优于完全融合、非对称分离骨水泥,因此,临床上行双侧经皮椎体强化治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折时,首先保证双侧对称弥散分布,优先推荐双侧部分融合型分布,可获得合适的应力刺激及较好的稳定性。

个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗不同类型骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的生物力学分析

背景:个体化精准穿刺入路是近年来提出椎体强化治疗的新型入路方式,并且已经取得了良好的临床疗效,但仍缺少相关生物力学研究。目的:采用有限元分析方法探讨个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折椎体终板以及椎间盘生物力学的影响。方法:使用3例已完成个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者术前和术后的CT影像资料,建立楔形型、双凹型、塌陷型术前和术后共6个模型。在椎体垂直方向加载500 N力矩和10 N/m旋转力矩,模拟正常椎体的生理活动,包括前屈、后伸、左侧弯、右侧弯、左旋转和右旋转,观察个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗后不同类型骨折椎体终板、邻近终板以及椎间盘的应力变化。结果与结论:①成功建立了个体化精准穿刺椎体强化术前和术后脊柱功能单元的三维有限元模型;②个体化精准穿刺椎体强化术后,楔形型、双凹型及塌陷型骨折椎体终板和邻近椎体终板的最大von Mises应力值均有一定程度的减小;楔形型邻近椎体T_(10)下终板和塌陷型邻近椎体L1上终板的术后最大von Mises应力值增加;③个体化精准穿刺椎体强化术后,3种有限元模型的相邻椎间盘整体最大von Mises应力值均减小;④结果表明,个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗可在一定程度上减轻楔形型、双凹型和塌陷型椎体终板的最大von Mises应力值,降低术后椎体再骨折的风险;此外,还可减轻椎间盘的最大von Mises应力值,理论上也能够在一定程度上缓解椎间盘退变。

益肾强骨化瘀汤联合PVP治疗骨质疏松性脊椎压缩性骨折临床观察

目的探讨骨质疏松性脊椎压缩性骨折(OVCF)患者应用益肾强骨化瘀汤联合经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗的效果。方法采用随机数字表法将2020年8月—2022年2月于江西省婺源县人民医院就诊的OVCF患者60例分为观察组、对照组,各30例。两组均行PVP治疗,对照组术后予阿法骨化醇胶囊+碳酸钙片治疗,观察组加用自拟益肾强骨化瘀汤治疗,均连续治疗6周。对比两组临床疗效、疼痛程度、胸腰背部功能、椎体前缘高度、骨密度、骨代谢指标及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组临床总有效率为96.67%(29/30),高于对照组的73.33%(22/30)(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组椎体前缘高度、骨密度高于对照组,视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分及骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、骨钙素(BGP)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组均未见明显不良反应。结论益肾强骨化瘀汤联合PVP治疗OVCF,效果确切,有利于改善患者骨密度及骨代谢,缓解痛苦,加速胸腰部功能恢复进程,且安全性好,值得推广。

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折手术治疗进展及穿刺并发症

我国人口老龄化不断加剧,老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)发病率也在上升,其主要临床表现是腰背部疼痛及活动障碍,严重影响老年人生活质量^([1])。经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)是治疗OVCFs患者的常用方法,其主要特点是微创、有效、简便,能迅速改善腰背部疼痛,提高患者生活质量^([2])。

老年女性骨质疏松性骨折相邻椎体再骨折的影响因素及列线图预测模型构建

背景:有关老年女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者相邻椎体再骨折的研究较多,但其相关危险因素仍在争论中,如何将其风险直观地呈现以便于临床应用的研究较少。目的:分析影响老年女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者相邻椎体再骨折的危险因素并构建列线图(Nomogram)预测模型。方法:选择2018年1月至2022年11月赣州市人民医院收治的268例老年女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者,经皮穿刺椎体成形术后3个月根据是否发生相邻椎体再骨折分为研究组(发生相邻椎体再骨折,n=31)和对照组(未发生相邻椎体再骨折,n=237)。比较两组患者一般临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响老年女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者相邻椎体再骨折的独立风险因素,利用R软件“rms”包构建Nomogram预测模型。结果与结论:①两组患者的年龄、绝经年龄、体质量指数、骨折病史、术前骨折椎体数、骨水泥渗漏、骨密度、术后后凸畸形角度、术前Oswestry功能障碍指数比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);②多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(>69岁)、绝经年龄(≤51岁)、体质量指数(>24.7 kg/m^(2))、骨折病史(有)、术前骨折椎体数(≥2)、术后后凸畸形角度(>13°)是影响老年女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者相邻椎体再骨折的独立危险因素(P<0.05);③Nomogram预测模型决策曲线结果显示,当风险阈值>0.09时,此预测模型可以提供显著额外的临床净收益;④结果表明,年龄较大、绝经年龄较低、体质量指数较高、有骨折病史、术前骨折椎体数较多、术后后凸畸形角度较大是老年女性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者相邻椎体再骨折的独立影响因素,基于此构建的Nomogram预测模型可为此类患者相邻椎体再骨折的防治提供重要的策略指导。

曲马多超前镇痛在局麻下胸腰段骨质疏松骨折椎体后凸成形术中的效果

目的:探讨术前肌注曲马多用于局麻下行经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)的超前镇痛效果。方法:自2019年8月至2021年6月收治118例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)患者,观察组59例,男26例,女33例;年龄57~80(67.69±4.75)岁;T1114例,T1212例,L118例,L215例;予PKP术前0.5 h肌肉注射曲马多100 mg。对照组59例,男24例,女35例;年龄55~77(68.00±4.43)岁;T1119例,T1211例,L117例,L212例;予肌肉注射等量生理盐水。记录两组手术时间和术中出血量,采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估两组术前(T0)及术中穿刺时(T1)、放置工作套管时(T2)、球囊扩张时(T3)、骨水泥注入椎体时(T4)、术后2 h(T5)、出院时(T6)的疼痛程度;观察头晕、恶心、呕吐等不良反应,出院时询问患者对再次行PKP手术的接受度。结果:118例患者顺利完成经双侧椎弓根入路PKP术,术中均未使用静脉镇静镇痛药物。两组手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组T1、T2、T3、T4、T5时的VAS较对照组降低(P<0.05);T6时的VAS比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组T6时的VAS较T0降低(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),对再次行PKP术的接受度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:术前0.5 h肌注曲马多用于在局麻下单节段胸腰段骨质疏松骨折椎体PKP术的超前镇痛效果明确,可增加患者术中及术后2 h的舒适度,提高患者手术满意度。

针刺联合补肾活血方治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折的疗效观察及对骨代谢水平的影响

目的观察针刺联合补肾活血方治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效及对患者血清骨代谢指标的影响。方法选择108例骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者,随机分为对照组和联合组,每组54例。两组均进行椎体后凸成形术治疗和常规护理,对照组口服补肾活血方治疗,联合组采用针刺联合口服补肾活血方治疗。比较两组疼痛缓解时间、下床活动时间和骨折愈合时间,观察两组治疗前和随访结束时疼痛数字评估表(numerical rating scale,NRS)评分、中国人骨质疏松症简明生存质量量表(Chinese osteoporosis quality of life short questionnaire,COQOL)评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)的变化,观察两组治疗前和随访结束时骨折椎体的椎形态及骨密度检测结果的变化,观察治疗前后两组血清高迁移率族蛋白-1(high mobility group protein-1,HMGB-1)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、P物质(substance P,SP)、皮质醇(cortisol,Cor)、骨形态发生蛋白-7(bone morphogenetic protein-7,BMP-7)、骨钙素N端中分子片段(osteocalcin n-terminal molecular fragment,N-MID)、网膜素-1(omentin-1)、Ⅰ型胶原C端肽(typeⅠcollagen C-terminal peptide,CTX-1)水平的变化,比较两组临床疗效。结果联合组疼痛缓解时间、下床活动时间和骨折愈合时间短于对照组(P<0.05),联合组治疗后HMGB-1、CRP、SP、Corh和CTX-1水平以及随访结束时伤椎楔变角、Cobb角、ODI评分、NRS评分和COQOL评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),联合组治疗后N-MID、Omentin-1和BMP-7水平以及随访结束时骨折椎体椎前缘高度和BMD水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。联合组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在椎体后凸成形术治疗和常规护理基础上,针刺联合补肾活血方治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折可减少炎症反应和应激反应,降低疼痛介质指标水平,改善骨性标志物及骨代谢水平,促进椎体愈合,提高腰椎功能、临床疗效及生活质量。

椎体成形术后再骨折危险因素的研究进展

骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折是临床的常见病和多发病。目前经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术广泛应用于临床,已成为治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的有效方法。近年来椎体成形术后再骨折的问题引起临床医师的广泛关注,其危险因素主要包括骨水泥渗漏、骨质疏松、生物力学等,因此有必要对椎体成形术后再骨折的原因进行研究与分析。深入了解椎体成形术后再骨折的原因有助于加强对其病因和治疗的认识,减少术后再骨折发生,减轻患者痛苦。

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折术后临近椎体再发骨折的危险因素分析

目的:分析骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture OVCF)经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)或经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗后临近椎体再发骨折(adjacentvertebral compression fracture,AVCF)的相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2018年4月至2020年2月郑州市第一人民医院脊柱外科行PVP或PKP手术治疗的148例OVCF患者的临床资料,根据术后有无临近椎体再骨折分成AVCF组(27例)和非AVCF组(121例)。记录患者的年龄、性别、初始骨折椎体数量、初始骨折部位(T10-L2、非T10-L2)、体重指数(BMI)、手术方式(PVP、PKP)、术前腰1椎体CT值、术后伤椎高度恢复率。采用Logistic回归分析确定潜在危险因素。结果:所有患者随访6~18mon,平均10 mon。148例中共发现AVCF 27例(18.2%)。两组患者在性别、年龄、初次骨折椎体数、初次骨折部位、手术方式及BMI方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AVCF组腰1椎体CT值明显低于非AVCF组(P<0.05),而AVCF组伤椎高度恢复率明显高于非AVCF组(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示:腰1椎体CT值与伤椎高度恢复率与OVCF术后AVCF明显相关(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示:腰1椎体CT值≤80 HU及伤椎高度恢复率是导致OVCF术后AVCF的独立危险因素。结论:腰1椎体CT值伤椎高度恢复率是OVCF患者PVP或PKP术后AVCF的危险因素。

中西医结合骨质疏松管理模式在骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者中的应用效果研究

目的研究中西医结合骨质疏松管理模式在骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)患者中的应用效果。方法选取2020年6月至2022年3月江苏省中医院骨伤科诊治的156例OVCF患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组78例。所有患者行骨水泥微创术治疗,围手术期对照组给予常规护理,观察组采用中西医结合骨质疏松管理模式干预。比较两组入院时、出院6个月时骨密度、中文版骨质疏松症自我效能量表(OSES)评分、改良Barthel指数评定量表评分;比较两组入院时,出院1、3、6个月时视觉模拟评法(VAS)评分;比较两组出院6个月内跌倒率及再骨折发生率。结果对照组69例,观察组71例完成研究。出院6个月时,观察组骨密度高于入院时及对照组(P<0.05);两组OSES评分、改良Barthel指数高于入院时,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。整体分析发现:两组VAS评分时间、组间及交互作用比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步两两比较,组内比较:两组组内各时间点VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较:出院3、6个月,观察组VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。出院6个月内,观察组跌倒率低于对照组(P<0.05);两组再骨折发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论中西医结合骨质疏松管理模式可以提高OVCF患者骨密度,改善骨质疏松程度,减轻患者疼痛。