Effects of different pelvic osteotomies on acetabular morphology in developmental dysplasia of hip in children

Developmental dysplasia of hip seriously affects the health of children,and pelvic osteotomy is an important part of surgical treatment.Improving the shape of the acetabulum,preventing or delaying the progression of osteoarthritis is the ultimate goal of pelvic osteotomies.Re-directional osteotomies,reshaping osteotomies and salvage osteotomies are the three most common types of pelvic osteotomy.The influence of different pelvic osteotomy on acetabular morphology is different,and the acetabular morphology after osteotomy is closely related to the prognosis of the patients.But there lacks comparison of acetabular morphology between different pelvic osteotomies,on the basis of retrospective analysis and measurable imaging indicators,this study predicted the acetabular shape after developmental dysplasia of the hip pelvic osteotomy in order to help clinicians make reasonable and correct decisions and improve the planning and performance of pelvic osteotomy.

The Radiological Outcome of Surgical Correction of Hallux Valgus with Combined Scarf and Akin Osteotomies

Background: Hallux valgus deformity is one of the most common chronic and progressive foot deformities. Surgical correction of the deformity plays a central role in the treatment of symptomatic hallux valgus. However, more than one hundred different surgical techniques have been described. Objective: To assess the radiological outcome of hallux valgus surgical correction using a scarf and akin osteotomies. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted on 25 adult patients (36 feet). Twenty-two females and two males with hallux valgus were treated with surgical correction using a scarf and akin osteotomies. All candidates were kept on regular postoperative, scheduled clinical follow-up programs for one year and assessed radiologically. Results: Twenty-five patients (36 feet) were included in this study. The hallux valgus angle significantly shifted to the normal range (less than 15°) after surgery, and the inter-metatarsal angle also improved to the normal range (less than 9°). Conclusion: Using scarf and akin osteotomies in treating moderate and severe hallux valgus deformity provides the satisfactory radiological outcomes in form of decreasing hallux valgus angle and inter-metatarsal angle.

Corrective osteotomies of the radius:Grafting or not?

AIM:To review the current literature regarding corrective osteotomies to provide the best evidence of the rule of bone grafting.METHODS:Our MEDLINE literature search included 280 studies using the following key words "Malunited distal radius fracture" and 150 studies using key words "Corrective osteotomy of the distal radius".Inclusion criteria were:Malunited distal radial,extra articular fracture,volar locking plate,use of iliac bone graft(cancellous or corticocancellous),non-use of bone graft.Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria.RESULTS:Seven of the 12 studies considered,described the use of a graft;the remaining five studies didn't use any graft.Type of malunion was dorsal in most of the studies.The healing time was comparable using the graft or not(mean 12.5 wk),ranging from 7.5 to 16 wk.The mean disabilities of the arm,shoulder and hand score improvement was 23 points both in the studies that used the graft and in those not using the graft.CONCLUSION:This review demonstrated that corrective osteotomy of extra-articular malunited fractures of the distal radius treated by volar locking plate does not necessarily require bone graft.

Intraoperative Goal-Directed Therapies in Femoral and Pelvic Osteotomies in Children and In-Hospital Postoperative Outcomes

Background: Femoral and pelvic osteotomies are potential hemorrhagic interventions where transfusion requirements can be necessary. Objective: We undertook a secondary analysis of patients who underwent femoral and pelvic osteotomy in the initial cohort. The objective of this secondary analysis was to describe intraoperative and postoperative outcomes and to describe intraoperative management in these patients in terms of blood product management and fluid and hemodynamic therapy with the aim of implementing optimization management protocols for postoperative outcome improvement. Methods: A secondary analysis of patients who underwent femoral and pelvic osteotomy surgery was included in the initial retrospective study. Results: There were eighteen patients with a mean age of 104 ± 47.1 months. Four (22.2%) patients had intraoperative and/or postoperative complications. One patient (5.6%) had an intraoperative hemorrhagic shock, two patients (11.1%) had postoperative neurologic failure, and one patient (5.6%) had postoperative wound sepsis. The transfusion rate was 50% in nine patients. Conclusion: Femoral and pelvic osteotomies are interventions where blood, transfusion and fluid requirements can be increased;thus, this implies the necessity of a global patient blood management protocol with point-of-care tests and fluid- and hemodynamic-guided protocols with validated tools in children for intraoperative and postoperative outcome optimization.

The Comparison of Thick and Thin Intermediate Wafer in Maxillary Le Fort I Osteotomies

Background: Osteotomy wafers were routinely used in orthognathic surgery for repositioning the mobilized maxilla to achieve the planned final occlusion. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to determine comparison of thick and thin intermediate wafer in maxillary Le Fort I osteotomies. Methods: This study was done in 9 patients who had maxillary prognathism or retrognathism abnormality. The maxillary cast was oriented using articulator after facebow transfer. Then photographic and cephalometric data was used to determine proper dental arch segments. All 9 patients had Le Fort I combined with mandibular sagittal split osteotomies. The Le Fort I surgery was done on lateral, septum and medial sinus of nasal and trigomaxillary. The cast was removed from the base articulator and think and thick wafers were fabricated for each. Then the wafers were fixed in 1, 2 and 3 mm anterior (A1, A2 and A3, respectively). After mobilization of the maxilla and adequate bone removal, the jaws were held in occlusion with the thin intermediate wafer. The maxilla was then located against the stable part of the facial skeleton above using the yet unoperated mandible as an autorotated guide. Then the superior reposition >1 or Results: According to the results, the superior reposition was higher in thin wafers fixed in A3 > A2 compared to A1. Also, the same result was detected in thick wafers fixed in A3 > A2 compared to A1, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in both thin and thick wafers in each fixed locations. Conclusion: These results suggest thick wafers have acceptable results in maxillary Le Fort I osteotomies.

Clinical outcomes of triceps reflecting anconeus pedicle and olecranon osteotomy approach for distal humerus intercondylar fractures

BACKGROUND The preferred treatment for distal humeral intercondylar fractures is open reduction and internal fixation.While there is consensus about the posterior approach,several posterior approaches have been developed.It is debatable as to which approach is best.AIM To compare triceps reflecting anconeus pedicle(TRAP)and olecranon osteotomy approaches for internal fixation of distal humeral intercondylar fracture.METHODS In total,40 cases of Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Association of the Study of Internal Fixation type C,closed,and Gustilo type I intercondylar humeral fractures were included.Patients ranged in age from 18 years to 70 years.The patients were randomized into two groups:TRAP group and olecranon osteotomy group,with 20 cases in each.All were followed up at 6 wk,3 months,6 months,and 12 months.Functional outcomes were measured in terms of flexion-extension arc,Disabilities of Arm,Shoulder and Hand score,and Mayo Elbow Performance Score.RESULTS The mean age was 43.2 years in the TRAP group and 37.5 years in the olecranon osteotomy group.The mean operative time and mean duration of hospital stay in the TRAP group were significantly higher than in the olecranon osteotomy group(119.5 vs 111.5 min and 9.85 vs 5.45 d,respectively).The mean arc of flexion-extension,Disabilities of Arm,Shoulder and Hand score,and Mayo Elbow Performance Score were comparable without any significant difference in the groups at the 12-month follow-up(107.0 vs 106.2,18.3 vs 15.7,and 84.2 vs 86.2,respectively).Ulnar paresthesia and superficial infections were comparable in both groups(2 cases vs 3 cases and 3 cases vs 2 cases,respectively).Hardware prominence was significantly higher in the olecranon osteotomy group,mostly due to tension band wiring.CONCLUSION Both approaches were equivalent,but there is a need for further study including higher numbers of subjects and longer study duration to prove the benefits of one approach over the other.

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty vs high tibial osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis:A comparison of clinical and radiological outcomes

BACKGROUND Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA)and high tibial osteotomy(HTO)are well-established operative interventions in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.However,which intervention is more beneficial to patients with knee osteoarthritis remains unknown and a topic of much debate.Simultaneously,there is a paucity of research assessing the relationship between radiographic parameters of knee joint alignment and patient-reported clinical outcomes,preoperatively and following HTO or UKA.AIM To compare UKAs and HTOs as interventions for medial-compartment knee osteoarthritis:Examining differences in clinical outcome and investigating the relationship of joint alignment with respect to this.METHODS This longitudinal observational study assessed a total of 42 patients that had undergone UKA(n=23)and HTO(n=19)to treat medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.Patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)were collected to evaluate clinical outcome.These included two disease-specific(Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score,Oxford Knee Score)and two generic(EQ-5D-5L,Short Form-12)PROMs.The radiographic parameters of knee alignment assessed were the:Hip-knee-ankle angle,mechanical axis deviation and angle of Mikulicz line.RESULTS Statistical analyses demonstrated significant(P<0.001),preoperative to postoperative,improvements in the PROM scores of both groups.There were,however,no significant inter-group differences in the postoperative PROM scores of the UKA and HTO group.Several significant correlations associated a more distolaterally angled Mikulicz line with worse knee function and overall health preoperatively(P<0.05).Postoperatively,two clusters of significant correlations were observed between the disease-specific PROM scores and knee joint alignment parameters(hip-knee-ankle angle,mechanical axis deviation)within the HTO group;yet no such associations were observed within the UKA group.CONCLUSION UKAs and HTOs are both efficacious operations that provide a comparable degree of clinical benefit to patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.Clinical outcome has a limited association with radiographic parameters of knee joint alignment postoperatively;however,a more distolaterally angled Mikulicz line appears associated with worse knee function/health-related quality of life preoperatively.

Correction method for moderate and severe degrees of hallux valgus associated with transfer metatarsalgia

BACKGROUND Hallux valgus(HV)is a common foot deformity that manifests with increasing age,especially in women.The associated foot pain causes impaired gait and decreases quality of life.Moderate and severe HV is a deformity that is charac-terized by the involvement of lesser rays and requires complex surgical treatment.In this study,we attempted to develop a procedure for this condition.AIM To analyse the treatment results of patients who underwent simultaneous surgical correction of all parts of a static forefoot deformity.METHODS We conducted a prospective clinical trial between 2016 and 2021 in which 30 feet with moderate or severe HV associated with Tailor’s bunion and metatarsalgia were surgically treated via a new method involving surgical correction of all associated problems.This method included a modified Lapidus procedure,M2M3 tarsometatarsal arthrodesis,intermetatarsal fusion of the M4 and M5 bases,and the use of an original external fixation apparatus to enhance correction power.Preoperative,postoperative,and final follow-up radiographic data and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)scores were compared,and P values<0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS The study included 28 females(93.3%)and 2 males feet(6.7%),20(66.7%)of whom had a moderate degree of HV and 10(33.3%)of whom had severe deformity.M2 and M3 metatarsalgia was observed in 21 feet,and 9 feet experienced pain only at M2.The mean follow-up duration was 11 months.All patients had good correction of the HV angle[preoperative median,36.5 degrees,interquartile range(IQR):30-45;postoperative median,10 degrees,IQR:8.8-10;follow-up median,11.5 degrees,IQR:10-14;P<0.01].At follow-up,metatarsalgia was resolved in most patients(30 vs 5).There was a clinically negligible decrease in the corrected angles at the final follow-up,and the overall AOFAS score was significantly better(median,65 points,IQR:53.8-70;vs 80 points,IQR:75-85;P<0.01).CONCLUSION The developed method showed good sustainability of correction power in a small sample of patients at the one-year follow-up.Randomized clinical trials with larger samples,as well as long-term outcome assessments,are needed in the future.

Osteotomy Protocol for Implant Insertion of One Day Biotech: One Drill, One Implant

Background: Four factors determine the quality of an implantology kit: 1) Heat generated by the drills;2) Morphology of the osteotomy according to the diameter of the implant;3) Efficiency of collecting autologous bone;and 4) Osteotomy execution time. Materials and Methods: This article examines the heat produced by drills during osteotomy, focusing on the effect of the following factors: drilling technique;volume of autologous bone harvested;drilling time;implant primary stability;and the percentage of osseointegrated implants after primary healing. Discussion: The four factors mentioned above are analyzed based on the data obtained for sequential, biological, and One Drill milling techniques. Conclusions: 1) One Drill is the fastest technique for performing the osteotomy;2) All techniques stay within the biological temperature range of living bone, with the lowest increase in temperature achieved using One Drill with irrigation;3) The bone harvested showed no statistically significant differences between biological milling and the One Drill technique, both far superior to the sequential technique;and 4) There is no statistically significant difference in the number of osseointegrated implants among the three techniques analyzed.

Knee Osteoarthritis Progression after Distal Femur Closing Wedge Osteotomy

Background: Despite the conservative treatment of tibio-femoral osteoarthritis through realignment osteotomies, the rate of total knee replacements following an osteotomy is increasing. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with the progression of knee osteoarthritis after a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy. Methods: Hospital-based observational study on 20 patients who underwent a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy evaluating the progression of osteoarthritis using the Kellgren and Laurence classification. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the variation in the progressive stage of the Kellgren and Laurence classification of knee osteoarthritis preoperatively and at the final follow up. Univariate analysis made it possible to determine the factors associated with progression. The final significance threshold for statistical tests was set at 5% (p Results: Overall, the mean follow-up of 46 months ± 6.6 months, with a mean age of 43 years (range: 27 - 69 years) and a female predominance (M: F = 3/7). The progression of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis following a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy is associated with valgus or varum malalignment been a moderate valgus (OR 6.2 [1.5 - 42.7] at 95% CI;p-value = 0.02), a correction of the mechanical deviation angle with a valgus alignment (OR 2.7 [0.9 - 8.3] at 95% CI), and loss of correction (OR 3.8 [1.3 - 11.6] at 95% CI;p -value) for the lateral compartment while varus alignment (OR 1.7 [0.9 - 8.3] 95% CI, p-value = 0.05) and with rupture of the lateral cortex (OR 2.8 [1.7 - 11.5] 95% CI, p-value = 0.02) were those of the medial compartment. Conclusion: Distal femur closing wedge osteotomy does not definitively interrupt the progression of valgus knee osteoarthritis. The factors associated with the progression of this pathology are modifiable. Taking them into account when performing this surgical technique could improve the osteotomy survival curve.

Cherubism in a 4-year-old boy managed with tumor curettage, mandibular osteotomies and repositioning

Cherubism is a rare disease characterized by significant loss of medullary bone which is replaced by excessive amounts of fibrous tissue growth within the mandible and maxilla. We present a case of a 4-year-old boy with a rapidly enlarging mandible and maxilla, causing significant change in the facial contour, malocclusion and phonation difficulties. He was treated with aggressive tumor curettage, lateral mandibular cortex osteotomies with medial repositioning. This allowed obliteration of the enlarged medullary space and restoration of the normal mandibular anatomy. At 12 months postoperatively, the patient had significant improvement in facial contour, normal outward appearance, and stable dentition.

Experimental Investigation of Material Removal in Elliptical Vibration Cutting of Cortical Bone

To benefit tissue removal and postoperative rehabilitation,increased efficiency and accuracy and reduced operating force are strongly required in the osteotomy.A novel elliptical vibration cutting(EVC)has been introduced for bone cutting compared with conventional cutting(CC)in this paper.With the assistance of high-speed microscope imaging and the dynamometer,the material removals of cortical bone and their cutting forces from two cutting regimes were recorded and analysed comprehensively,which clearly demonstrated the chip morphology improvement and the average cutting force reduction in the EVC process.It also revealed that the elliptical vibration of the cutting tool could promote fracture propagation along the shear direction.These new findings will be of important theoretical and practical values to apply the innovative EVC process to the surgical procedures of the osteotomy.

Is metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy superior to diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy in the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome?A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Although metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(MUSO)is safer for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome(UIS)than diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(DUSO),DUSO is widely used for UIS treatment.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of DUSO and MUSO for UIS treatment and determine the factors that should be considered when choosing surgical treatment for UIS.METHODS Articles comparing the effectiveness of DUSO and MUSO for UIS treatment were systematically retrieved from MEDLINE(Ovid),PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library.The demography,incidence of complications,secondary operation rate,postoperative DASH score,wrist pain on the visual analogue scale,and grip strength improvement were also evaluated.In addition,the correlation between the improvement of grip strength and the shortening of osteotomy length of ulna was analyzed.The outcome of the patient was discontinuous,and the odds ratio,risk ratio(RR),and 95%CI were calculated and analyzed via RevMan5.3 software.RESULTS Six studies,including 83 patients receiving MUSO(experimental group)and 112 patients receiving DUSO(control group),were included in the meta-analysis.The second operation rate was significantly higher after DUSO than after MUSO.The DASH scores were slightly lower in the MUSO group than in the DUSO group.The patients receiving MUSO had slightly better pain relief effect than patients receiving DUSO.However,the incidence of complications and improvement of grip strength were not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION Although DUSO and MUSO provide similar effects for UIS,MUSO is associated with a lower secondary operation rate,slightly lower postoperative DASH scores and slightly better pain relief effect than DUSO,indicating that MUSO can effectively be used for UIS treatment.

Minimally invasive surgeries for insertional Achilles tendinopathy:A commentary review

Studies of minimally invasive surgery for insertional Achilles tendinopathy are limited.To establish this surgery,the following techniques must be minimally invasive:Exostosis resection at the Achilles tendon insertion,debridement of degenerated Achilles tendon,reattachment using anchors or augmentation using flexor hallucis longus(FHL)tendon transfer,and excision of the posterosuperior calcaneal prominence.Studies on these four perspectives were reviewed to establish minimally invasive surgery for insertional Achilles tendinopathy.Techniques for exostosis resection were demonstrated in one case study,where blunt dissection around the exostosis was performed,and the exostosis was resected using an abrasion burr under fluoroscopic guidance.Techniques for debridement of degenerated Achilles tendon were demonstrated in the same case study,where the space left after resection of the exostosis was used as an endoscopic working space,and the degenerated Achilles tendon and intra-tendinous calcification were debrided endoscopically.Achilles tendon reattachment techniques using suture anchors have been demonstrated in several studies.However,there are no studies on FHL tendon transfer techniques for Achilles tendon reattachment.In contrast,endoscopic posterosuperior calcaneal prominence resection is already established.Additionally,studies on ultrasound-guided surgeries and percutaneous dorsal wedge calcaneal osteotomy as minimally invasive surgery were reviewed.

Mid-term results of sub-trochanteric valgus osteotomy for symptomatic late stages Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

BACKGROUND The treatment of late stages of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease(LCPD)is controversial.Although the concept of femoral head containment is a well-established technique of treatment,its use remains debatable in the late stages of the disease,as it does not improve symptoms in terms of limb length discrepancy and gait.AIM To assess the results of subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy in symptomatic patients with late-stage Perthes disease.METHODS From 2000 to 2007,36 symptomatic patients with late stage of Perthes disease were surgically treated with subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy and followed-up for 8 to 11 years using the IOWA score and range of motion(ROM)variables.The Mose classification was also assessed at the last follow-up to reflect possible remodeling.The patients were 8 years old or older at the time of surgery,in the post-fragmentation stage,and complaining of pain,limited ROM,Trendelenburg gait,and/or abductor weakness.RESULTS The preoperative IOWA score(average:53.3)markedly improved at the 1-year post follow-up period(average:85.41)and then slightly improved at the last follow-up(average:89.4)(P value<0.05).ROM improved,with internal rotation increased on average by 22°(from 10°preoperatively to 32°postoperatively)and abduction increased on average by 15.9°(from 25°preoperatively to 41°postoperatively).The mean Mose deviation of femoral heads was 4.1 mm at the end of the follow-up period.The tests used were the paired t-test and Pearson correlation test,where the level of significance was a P value less than 0.05.CONCLUSION Subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy can be a good option for symptomatic relief in patients with late-stage of LCPD.

Role of lateral soft tissues release in percutaneous hallux valgus correction:A medium term retrospective study

BACKGROUND In the field of minimally invasive surgery(MIS)for the treatment of hallux valgus(HV),different techniques have begun to emerge in the literature concerning the distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone,the synthesis or not of the metatarsal head,the possible association with lateral soft tissues release(LSTR)and osteotomy of the base of the first phalanx.AIM To evaluate the role of LSTR on percutaneous HV correction,evaluating functional and radiographical results.METHODS From January 2012 to May 2016 a total of 396 patients with mild to moderate symptomatic HV treated with the MIS technique were included in this retrospective study.The technique provides no internal fixation(WOS).Patients were divided into the LSTR group and no LSTR group(LSTR N).This surgical procedure(LSTR)was reserved for insufficient HV angle(HVA)correction during fluoroscopic control.Patients were evaluated at each follow-up by two other authors after appropriate training by senior authors(first practitioners).Clinical evaluation was performed before surgery,6 mo after surgery,and 48 mo follow-up.American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)and visual analog scale(VAS)score was used to evaluate pain and function,and complications were recorded.In addition,the incidence of relapses and the degree of joint range of motion(ROM)with the association with the LSTR(capsule,adductor tendon,phalanx-sesamoid ligament,and the deep transverse metatarsal ligament)were evaluated.Radiological parameters included HVA and intermetatarsal angle(IMA).Patient satisfaction was assessed.Student t-test and Fisher exact test were used to assess statistical analysis.RESULTS From our study it is clear that no differences in term of HVA,VAS,IMA correction,rate of complications,and AOFAS score were found between groups,while a significant improvement of the same variables was found in each group between pre and postoperative values.A significant improvement in ROM at 6 mo(P=0.018)and 48 mo(P=0.02)of follow-up was found in LSTR N group.Complications were rare in both groups.CONCLUSION LSTR procedure on percutaneous HV correction seems to increase postoperative joint stiffness with a comparable incidence of relapse and a low incidence of complications.

Successful hip revision surgery following refracture of a modern femoral stem using a cortical window osteotomy technique:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND The ExeterTM Universal cemented femoral component is widely used for total hip replacement surgery.Although there have been few reports of femoral component fracture,removal of a broken femoral stem can be a challenging procedure.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man with a Dorr A femur sustained a refracture of a primary ExeterTM stem,two years after receiving a revision using a cement-within-cement technique(CWC)through an extended trochanteric osteotomy(ETO).The technical problems related to the CWC technique and the ETO played a major role in the stem fatigue refracture.We performed revision surgery and removed the distal cement using a cortical femoral window technique,followed by reimplantation with an uncemented,modular,distally-fixed uncemented stem.The patient experienced an uneventful postoperative recovery.CONCLUSION Re-fracture of a modern femoral ExeterTM stem is a rare event,but technical complications related to revision surgery can lead to this outcome.The cortical window osteotomy technique can facilitate the removal of a broken stem and cement,allowing for prosthetic reimplantation under direct vision and avoiding ETO-related complications.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip in the newborn: A systematic review

Developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH) denotes a wide spectrum of conditions ranging from subtle acetabular dysplasia to irreducible hip dislocations. Clinical diagnostic tests complement ultrasound imaging in allowing diagnosis, classification and monitoring of this condition. Classification systems relate to the alpha and beta angles in addition to the dynamic coverage index(DCI). Screening programmes for DDH show considerable geographic variation; certain risk factors have been identified which necessitate ultrasound assessment of the newborn. The treatment of DDH has undergone significant evolution, but the current gold standard is still the Pavlik harness. Duration of Pavlik harness treatment has been reported to range from 3 to 9.3 mo. The beta angle, DCI and the superior/lateral femoral head displacement can be assessed via ultrasound to estimate the likelihood of success. Success rates of between 7% and 99% have been reported when using the harness to treat DDH. Avascular necrosis remains the most devastating complication of harness usage with a reported rate of between 0% and 28%. Alternative non-surgical treatment methods used for DDH include devices proposed by LeD amany, Frejka, Lorenz and Ortolani. The Rosen splint and Wagner stocking have also been used for DDH treatment. Surgical treatment for DDH comprises open reduction alongside a combination of femoral or pelvic osteotomies. Femoral osteotomies are carried out in cases of excessive anteversion or valgus deformity of the femoral neck. The two principal pelvic osteotomies most commonly performed are the Salter osteotomy and Pemberton acetabuloplasty. Serious surgical complications include epiphyseal damage, sciatic nerve damage and femoral neck fracture.

Current surgical strategies for total arthroplasty in valgus knee

The majority of orthopaedic surgeons even currentlyagree that primary total arthroplasty in valgus knees with a deformity of more than ten degrees may prove challenging. The unique sets of bone and soft tissue abnormalities that must be addressed at the time of the operation make accurate axis restoration, component orientation and joint stability attainment a difficult task. Understanding the specific pathologic anatomic changes associated with the valgus knee is a prerequisite so as to select the proper surgical method, to optimize component position and restore soft-tissue balance. The purpose of this article is to review the valgus knee anatomical variations, to assess the best pre-operative planning and to evaluate how to choose the grade of constraint of the implant. It will also be underlying the up-to-date main approaches and surgical techniques be proposed in the English literature both for bone cuts and soft tissue management of valgus knees.

Correction of mandibular deficiency by inverted-L osteotomy of ramus and iliac crest bone grafting

This study was to describe the use of inverted-L osteotomy of ramus and lilac bone graft for the management of mandibular deficiency in adult patients. From 2008 to 2010, 11 patients （aged 19 to 29 years） with mandibular deficiency underwent intraoral or extraoral inverted-L osteotomy of ramus and lilac crest bone grafting. Data were collected from the patients＇ records, photographs and radiographs. The height and width of the ramus were successfully expanded by inverted-L osteotomy and lilac crest bone grafting with minimal complications in all patients, resulting in significant improvement in occlusion and facial appearance. Our early results showed that the inverted-L osteotomy of ramus and lilac crest bone grafting is safe and effective, and should be considered as a good alternative for the patients with mandibular deficiency.