Applying Network Flow Optimization Techniques to Improve Relief Goods Transport Strategies under Emergency Situation

Given the seriously damaged emergency situation occurring after a large-scale natural disaster, a critical and important problem that needs to be solved urgently is how to distribute the necessary relief goods, such as drinking water, food, and medicine, to the damaged area and how to transport them corresponding to the actual supply and demand situation as quickly as possible. The existing infrastructure, such as traffic roads, bridges, buildings, and other facilities, may suffer from severe damage. Assuming uncertainty related with each road segment’s availability, we formulate a transshipment network flow optimization problem under various types of uncertain situations. In order to express the uncertainty regarding the availability of each road segment, we apply the Monte Carlo simulation technique to generate random networks following certain probability distribution conditions. Then, we solve the model to obtain an optimal transport strategy for the relief goods. Thus, we try to implement a necessary and desirable response strategy for managing emergency cases caused by, for example, various natural disasters. Our modeling approach was then applied to the actual road network in Sumatra Island in Indonesia in 2009, when a disastrous earthquake occurred to develop effective and efficient public policies for emergency situations.

Research on the evolutionary game of the supervision of civil aviation dangerous goods transportation training

This study is carried out to promote the precise supervision of dangerous goods transportation training,improve the efficiency of civil aviation supervision and further ensure the safety of air transportation.First,from the perspective of behaviour interaction and interest demands,evolutionary game theory is used to construct a tripartite evolutionary game model of dangerous goods transportation training institutions,the Civil Aviation Administration of China(CAAC)and the public.Then,the evolutionary game equilibrium of the system is further analysed under the joint action of the three parties.Finally,the influences of important parameters of the model on the behavioural strategy selection of the three parties are investigated via MATLAB numerical simulation.The conclusions reveal that the system has three evolutionarily stable strategies under different parameters,namely(non-compliant training,supervision,non-participation in supervision),(non-compliant training,supervision,participation in supervision)and(compliant training,supervision,non-participation in supervision).Moreover,the CAAC supervision cost,the fine amount,the supervision cost of public participation,the supervision success rate and the reporting reward amount are the main parameters that affect the behavioural strategy selection of the tripartite game players.The conclusions and suggestions of this study provide a decision-making basis and guidance for the supervision and management of civil aviation dangerous goods transportation training.

Safety at Work of Participants in the Railway Transport of Dangerous Goods

The transport of dangerous goods always represents a potential risk to life,human health,property,and environmental protection.For this reason and in order to preserve the lives and health of the participants in the transport process,adequate protection measures must be taken before,during,and after the transport of dangerous goods.Since the railway itself is a recipient of dangerous goods that are essential for its own operation,and is also a carrier of large quantities of various dangerous goods,these measures are of paramount importance.This paper examines,from a point of view of the protection of lives and health of the participants in the transport process and the safe transport of dangerous goods,the conditions of shipment and transport of dangerous goods,the obligations of the participants,and the essential ways for their proper handling.Proper application of safety at work prevents impromptu and indolent attitude in transporting dangerous goods,thus contributing to protection of people lives and health.Finally,this paper includes preventive measures and basic principles for implementation of safety at work in the transport of dangerous goods.

A new European standard for the electronic equipment used in the transport of dangerous goods published

The transport of dangerous goods(TDG)is a field where the precision of control,measurement and event data of electronic equipment is crucial.To ensure the necessary level of precision,high-level standards are fundamental.Therefore,new EN 15969-1:2022,Tanks for transport of dangerous goods-Digital interface for the data transfer between tank vehicle and with stationary facilities-Part 1:Protocol specification-Control,measurement and event data,which addresses this need,is a welcome addition to CEN’s portfolio.

Factors Analysis of Affecting Loading and Reinforcing Scheme of Large Goods in Railway

Large goods transported in railway are kinds of special goods and they are very important in national construction. In order to transport safely, loading and reinforcing schemes must be made first. How to design a reasonable scheme will be affected by many factors. This paper presents the characteristic of the large goods, summarizes the process of designing a loading and reinforcing scheme of large good, then probes the factors of affecting the loading and reinforcing scheme and gives a detail analysis. It’s considered that those out-of-gauge and overweight degree of goods, center-of- gravity height of a loaded wagon, position of center-of-gravity of goods, type of wagon for using, reinforcement material and reinforcement method, transport expense and transport organization could affect a scheme in the aspects of safety, economy, rapidity and convenience. This conclusion will instruct and help to make a good scheme.

区块链赋能视角下危险货物道路运输安全监管演化博弈研究

为分析区块链技术在危险货物道路运输安全监管中的应用价值,利用演化博弈法建立由监管方、承运方和托运方构成的三方演化博弈模型,确定收益矩阵和复制动态方程,分析演化博弈系统中各均衡点的稳定条件。利用MATLAB对各利益主体的策略选择进行了动态演化分析,探究三方演化博弈中相关变量对三方演化策略选择的影响。结果表明:区块链的应用成本与各参与方的策略选择呈负相关;应用区块链技术对监管方合规监管、承运方和托运方遵守规定倾向的提升程度及应用区块链时监管方的补贴程度与各方的策略选择呈正相关;监管方责任规避系数与策略选择呈负相关,承运方和托运方的责任附加系数与策略选择呈正相关。

基于演化博弈的民航危险品运输培训监管

为促进民航危险品运输培训精准监管,提升民航监管效能,实现合规培训与监管的最佳局面,进一步保障航空运输安全。首先从行为交互和微观经济学的角度,运用演化博弈方法,构建危险品运输培训机构和民航局双方演化博弈模型,定量分析博弈双方行为策略选择的情境条件及形成原因;然后运用MATLAB软件对重要参数的敏感性进行数值仿真分析,探讨受训者能力不足造成不安全事件概率、查处成功率、处罚力度和监管成本4个重要参数对系统演化路径及结果的影响效应;最后从管理层面对民航危险品运输培训监管提出有针对性的建议及措施。结果表明:受训者能力不足造成不安全事件概率、查处成功率和处罚力度3个参数对博弈双方行为选择具有正效应,而监管成本对博弈双方行为选择具有负效应。

危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向分类及识别模型研究

为合理评估危险货物运输驾驶人驾驶过程中的风险倾向,建立危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向聚类及辨识体系,以动态监控系统中记录的驾驶人实时违规预警数据为基础,选取可能引发交通冲突的安全关键事件为特征参数,利用探索性因子分析方法实现指标降维,提取驾驶人风险倾向主因子,并通过K means算法聚类不同风险倾向的驾驶人,最后基于聚类结果监督训练随机森林模型,辨识未知驾驶人的风险倾向。结果表明,利用选取的8类安全关键事件特征参数,可以将驾驶人风险倾向划分为攻击驾驶倾向、鲁莽驾驶倾向、驾驶分神倾向和驾驶疲劳倾向,且可以识别风险较低的驾驶人,基于随机森林模型的驾驶人风险倾向识别准确率为88.68%,可以较好地实现危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向辨识。研究结果为危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向分类及识别提供了方法依据。

废旧车用锂电池运输包装箱温度场仿真分析与优化设计

目的研究废旧车用锂电池运输包装箱的热安全性和优化措施。方法以15组1.6kW·h方形锂电池模组为研究对象,按照P911、LP906规范设计运输包装箱,并建立废旧车用锂电池运输包装箱模型,实验验证模型后进行温度场仿真分析,对包装箱集液槽、箱壁壁厚、隔热材料进行优化设计。结果集液槽底部添加阻燃棉可解决温度超过100℃问题,且箱体阻燃棉厚度为15 mm和集液槽底部阻燃棉厚度为40 mm优化效果最佳,改用纳米二氧化硅纤维棉后隔热效果能提高了16.0%。最终实现箱体阻燃棉用料节约了68.75%,集液槽隔热效果提升了41.5%,包装箱整体皆满足P911及LP906要求。结论研究结果可为废旧车用锂电池危险品包装研究提供重要参考。

客观赋权对快捷货运各方式间临界运距影响分析

我国交通运输已由各方式间独立发展向一体化融合发展转变,快捷货物运输是综合交通运输融合发展的新兴关键领域,其各运输方式间临界运距的研究对合理运输结构的确定具有重要意义。针对既有研究对于临界运距问题主观赋权的不足,本文首先基于快捷货运分担率模型建立临界运距与服务属性及权重系数表达式,然后基于CRITIC(Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation)法对权重系数进行客观测算,最后通过实例进行模型分析验证及结果对比。实例结果表明:客观赋权法可以使各服务属性权重系数随运距增加而产生异质性;经济性在300~400 km和900~1100 km内波动幅度最大;便捷性与经济性的运距临界点为327 km,其重要程度随运距增加会高于经济性;客观赋权对快捷货运各方式间临界运距的影响主要体现在高铁快运绝对优势运距区间的扩大,由主观赋权下700~1500 km转变为400~2000 km。

水路运输危化品现状分析与安全管控对策研究

随着我国“一带一路”倡议的提出与逐步实施,水路运输地位日益突出,而危险货物水路运输事故时有发生,往往造成人员伤亡和财产损失,并对环境产生不可逆影响。本文对我国以危化品为主体的水路运输危险货物运量、分类、事故、主要危险特点进行分析,从法规制度体系、安全监管机制、危险货物运输安全治理能力三个方面指出当前我国危险货物水路运输存在的问题,并从法规标准、监管机制、重要基础设施、运载工具、生产作业过程等角度提出对策建议,研究结果为提升我国危险货物水路运输安全保障能力和服务质量提供借鉴。

考虑时间价值的中欧班列多级定价与舱位控制

中欧班列运输需求高速增长,导致旺季时间偏长,运能供不应求。部分时间敏感型货物无法长时间等待,进而转向了其他运输方式。为满足时间敏感型货物的运输需求,本文考虑货物时间价值并提出多等级定价方案,以班列运营企业收益最大化为目标建立了考虑货主选择行为的动态舱位控制模型。由于多维状态空间模型难以获得精确解,采用值函数近似方法近似求解动态规划模型,利用最小二乘近似策略迭代算法对线性近似、分段线性近似两种形式的近似值函数进行参数标定。应用学习得到的参数进行仿真实验,对比两种值函数近似方法与基准运价下先到先得、多级定价下先到先得方案的收益性能和舱位预订情况。结果表明,在需求旺季供不应求的场景下,本文提出的基于多级定价的舱位控制策略能把有限的运能分配给最需要的客户,同时可以有效提升铁路企业的运输收益,其中分段线性近似方法对收益提升的效果更佳。

基于违禁品检测和人脸表情识别的铁路客运站安检风险评估技术研究

随着我国高速铁路的快速发展和客流量日益增长,铁路客运安全风险事件发生的概率逐年升高,仅靠安检值机人员辨识风险已无法满足需求。为了更好地评估车站安全风险,降低车站安全评估对人力的依赖,提出基于深度学习的旅客及物品安检风险评估机制。首先采用训练好的YOLOv5s模型对安检X光照片中的违禁品进行检测;其次使用训练好的ResNet50模型对车站安检机出口的人脸表情进行识别;最后建立了违禁品检测和人脸表情识别相结合的旅客及其所携物品风险评估机制。仿真结果表明,所采用的方法可以较准确地检测和识别出违禁品以及人脸表情,所提出的风险评估机制降低了安检过程对人力的依赖,可以帮助车站工作人员预防安检风险。

不确定需求下考虑货物时间价值的多式联运路径选择方法

为降低高价值时间敏感类货物的时间价值损失及合理规划多式联运路径,在不确定的运输需求情况下,探究货物时间价值对多式联运路径选择的影响。在考虑货物价值特性的基础上,通过鲁棒优化方法中的情景分析法建立以运输成本、货物时间价值成本及碳排放成本综合最低为目标和以节点作业硬时间窗等为约束的多式联运路径鲁棒优化模型。根据研究问题的特点,采用基于蒙特卡罗的灾变自适应遗传算法对模型进行求解,并以15个城市节点和公路、铁路、水路3种运输方式构成的联合运输网络为算例网络进行分析。研究结果表明:与不考虑货物时间价值相比,考虑货物时间价值的运输路径中铁路运输距离在运输总距离中的占比增加了17.28%,使得运输总时间降低12 h,节约货物时间价值成本16.19%。随着日平均衰减率的增加,在不同的衰减率范围内会选择不同的运输路径,同时选择增加铁路或公路运输距离占比以提高运输时效性,避免货物时间价值成本上升过快。需求的不确定使得运输成本、货物时间价值成本和碳排放成本分别增加了16.53%、3.44%和17.31%,最终导致运输总成本上升9.65%。研究结果可帮助决策者在根据实际需求情况和货物性质基础上,对需求量及衰减率进行估算,为其合理选择运输路径提供参考,避免造成货物时间价值损失过大。

基于多式联运的铁路货物分类调整探讨

优化调整铁路货物分类体系是贯彻落实国务院关于推进多式联运发展、推进运输服务规则衔接等具体要求的重要措施之一。在阐述铁路货物分类现状及存在问题的基础上,对包含国际间《商品名称和编码协调制度》(HS)和我国行业标准在内的国内外主要货物分类标准进行分析研究,从标准修订、动态调整、货物名称规范、货物归类及与外部标准衔接等方面总结了对铁路货物分类调整的可借鉴经验。提出既适合铁路货运改革又能促进多式联运发展的铁路货物分类优化调整思路,包括优化既有铁路货物分类标准的品名和小类、优化品名新增机制以及建立铁路货物分类与外部标准之间的衔接机制。

提升内蒙古地区铁路白货运输市场份额对策研究

随着经济社会发展,白货运输对于铁路日趋重要。以内蒙古地区为例,分析白货市场及运输现状,在对比公路白货运输特点的基础上,针对当前铁路运输服务在满足白货市场物流需求上存在的问题,结合铁路加快向现代物流体系转型发展的实际,提出在优化铁路物流园规划布局及功能、提升物流服务能力、丰富物流产品供给、紧密衔接货运市场、实施灵活运价机制等方面适应白货市场需要的相应对策,以充分发挥铁路在现代物流体系中的骨干作用。

物流企业大件货物道路运输安全评价研究

文章主要介绍了物流企业大件货物运输的相关内容,通过对大件货物运输安全的影响因素进行分析,来探讨物流企业大件货物道路运输安全评价,旨在加强对物流企业大件货物道路运输安全的研究,确保大件货物道路运输安全,在规定的时间内将大件货物安全运输到规定位置,保障物流企业大件货物道路运输的质量,从而推动物流企业实现长远发展,达到综合效益最大化。科学的物流企业大件货物道路运输安全评价体系,有利于提高物流企业大件货物道路运输效率,保障大件货物道路运输的质量。