Pore structure of low‑permeability coal and its deformation characteristics during the adsorption–desorption of CH4/N2

The pore structure of coal plays a key role in controlling the storage and migration of CH4/N2.The pore structure of coal is an important indicator to measure the gas extraction capability and the gas displacement efect of N2 injection.The deformation characteristic of coal during adsorption–desorption of CH4/N2 is an important factor afecting CH4 pumpability and N2 injectability.The pore structure characteristics of low-permeability coal were obtained by fuid intrusion method and photoelectric radiation technology.The multistage and connectivity of coal pores were analyzed.Subsequently,a simultaneous test experiment of CH4/N2 adsorption–desorption and coal deformation was carried out.The deformation characteristics of coal were clarifed and a coal strain model was constructed.Finally,the applicability of low-permeability coal to N2 injection for CH4 displacement technology was investigated.The results show that the micropores and transition pores of coal samples are relatively developed.The pore morphology of coal is dominated by semi-open pores.The pore structure of coal is highly complex and heterogeneous.Transition pores,mesopores and macropores of coal have good connectivity,while micropores have poor connectivity.Under constant triaxial stress,the adsorption capacity of the coal for CH4 is greater than that for N2,and the deformation capacity of the coal for CH4 adsorption is greater than that for N2 adsorption.The axial strain,circumferential strain,and volumetric strain during the entire process of CH4 and N2 adsorption/desorption in the coal can be divided into three stages.Coal adsorption–desorption deformation has the characteristics of anisotropy and gas-diference.A strain model for the adsorption–desorption of CH4/N2 from coal was established by considering the expansion stress of adsorbed gas on the coal matrix,the compression stress of free gas on the coal matrix,and the expansion stress of free gas on micropore fractures.N2 has good injectability in low-permeability coal seams and has the dual functions of improving coal seam permeability and enhancing gas fow,which can signifcantly improve the efectiveness of low-permeability coal seam gas control and promote the efcient utilization of gas resources.

Methane adsorption behavior on coal having different pore structures

The adsorption of methane onto five dry coal samples was measured at 298 K over the pressure range from 0 to 3.5 MPa using a volumetric method.The isotherm data were fitted to the Langmuir and the Freundlich equations.The kinetic data were fitted to a pseudo second order equation,the linear driving force equation(LDF),and an intra-particle diffusion model.These results showed that higher methane adsorption is correlated with larger micro-pore volumes and specific surface areas.The adsorption was related to the narrow micro-pore size distribution when the previous two parameters are large.The kinetics study showed that the kinetics of methane adsorption onto these five dry coal samples followed a pseudo second order model very well.Methane adsorption rates are controlled by intra-particle diffusion.The faster the intra-particle diffusion,the faster the methane adsorption rate will be.

Experimental Research on Pore Structure and Gas Adsorption Characteristic of Deformed Coal

The pore structure and gas adsorption property of deformed coal with different degrees of metamorphism were tested by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and isothermal adsorption experiments. The fractal theory and the Langmuir adsorption theory were used to analyze the experimental data. The test results showed that the deformed coal had more heterogeneous pore structures and open pores, and its specific surface area(SSA) and fractal dimension(D) were higher. There is a polynomial relationship between D and specific surface area as well as gas adsorption capacity(VL). The gas adsorption capacity of deformed coal is influenced by pore structure, coal rank, deformation and stress together, among which the pore structure is the main influencing factor for the adsorption capacity of deformed coal. The test pressure could affect the accuracy of the adsorption constants a and b, so the highest experiment pressure should be greater than the actual pressure of coal seam in order to reduce the deviation of adsorption constants.

Multi-scale pore fractal characteristics of differently ranked coal and its impact on gas adsorption

Well-developed pores and cracks in coal reservoirs are the main venues for gas storage and migration.To investigate the multi-scale pore fractal characteristics,six coal samples of different rankings were studied using high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI),low-pressure nitrogen adsorption(LPGA-N2),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)test methods.Based on the Frankel,Halsey and Hill(FHH)fractal theory,the Menger sponge model,Pores and Cracks Analysis System(PCAS),pore volume complexity(D_(v)),coal surface irregularity(Ds)and pore distribution heterogeneity(D_(p))were studied and evaluated,respectively.The effect of three fractal dimensions on the gas adsorption ability was also analyzed with high-pressure isothermal gas adsorption experiments.Results show that pore structures within these coal samples have obvious fractal characteristics.A noticeable segmentation effect appears in the Dv1and Dv2fitting process,with the boundary size ranging from 36.00 to 182.95 nm,which helps differentiate diffusion pores and seepage fractures.The D values show an asymmetric U-shaped trend as the coal metamorphism increases,demonstrating that coalification greatly affects the pore fractal dimensions.The three fractal dimensions can characterize the difference in coal microstructure and reflect their influence on gas adsorption ability.Langmuir volume(V_(L))has an evident and positive correlation with Dsvalues,whereas Langmuir pressure(P_(L))is mainly affected by the combined action of Dvand Dp.This study will provide valuable knowledge for the appraisal of coal seam gas reservoirs of differently ranked coals.

Pore characterization of different types of coal from coal and gas outburst disaster sites using low temperature nitrogen adsorption approach

To characterize the pore features of outburst coal samples and investigate whether outburst coal has some unique features or not, one of the authors, working as the member of the State Coal Mine Safety Committee of China, sampled nine outburst coal samples(coal powder and block) from outburst disaster sites in underground coal mines in China, and then analyzed the pore and surface features of these samples using low temperature nitrogen adsorption tests. Test data show that outburst powder and block coal samples have similar properties in both pore size distribution and surface area. With increasing coal rank, the proportion of micropores increases, which results in a higher surface area. The Jiulishan samples are rich in micropores, and other tested samples contain mainly mesopores, macropores and fewer micropores. Both the unclosed hysteresis loop and force closed desorption phenomena are observed in all tested samples. The former can be attributed to the instability of the meniscus condensation in pores,interconnected pore features of coal and the potential existence of ink-bottle pores, and the latter can be attributed to the non-rigid structure of coal and the gas affinity of coal.

Microstructure and its influence on CH_4 adsorption behavior of deep coal

In this paper we investigate the influence of microstructure on the CH4 adsorption behavior of deep coal. The coal microstructure is characterized by N2 adsorption at 77 K, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）. The CH4 adsorptions are measured at 298 K at pressures up to 5.0 MPa by the the volumetric method and fitted by the Langmuir model. The results show that the Langmuir model fits well with the experimental data, and there is a positive correlation with surface area, pore volume, ID/IG, and CH4 adsorption capacity. The burial depth also affects the methane adsorption capacity of the samples.

Study on the evolution of solid–liquid–gas in multi-scale pore methane in tectonic coal

The rich accumulation of methane(CH_(4))in tectonic coal layers poses a significant obstacle to the safe and efficient extraction of coal seams and coalbed methane.Tectonic coal samples from three geologically complex regions were selected,and the main results obtained by using a variety of research tools,such as physical tests,theoretical analyses,and numerical simulations,are as follows:22.4–62.5 nm is the joint segment of pore volume,and 26.7–100.7 nm is the joint segment of pore specific surface area.In the dynamic gas production process of tectonic coal pore structure,the adsorption method of methane molecules is“solid–liquid adsorption is the mainstay,and solid–gas adsorption coexists”.Methane stored in micropores with a pore size smaller than the jointed range is defined as solid-state pores.Pores within the jointed range,which transition from micropore filling to surface adsorption,are defined as gaseous pores.Pores outside the jointed range,where solid–liquid adsorption occurs,are defined as liquid pores.The evolution of pore structure affects the methane adsorption mode,which provides basic theoretical guidance for the development of coal seam resources.

Fine quantitative characterization of high-H2S gas reservoirs under the influence of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption

In order to clarify the influence of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption to high-H2S gas reservoirs,three types of natural cores with typical carbonate pore structures were selected for high-temperature and high-pressure core displacement experiments.Fine quantitative characterization of the cores in three steady states(original,after sulfur injection,and after gas flooding)was carried out using the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)transverse relaxation time spectrum and imaging,X-ray computer tomography(CT)of full-diameter cores,basic physical property testing,and field emission scanning electron microscopy imaging.The loss of pore volume caused by sulfur deposition and adsorption mainly comes from the medium and large pores with sizes bigger than 1000μm.Liquid sulfur has a stronger adsorption and deposition ability in smaller pore spaces,and causes greater damage to reservoirs with poor original pore structures.The pore structure of the three types of carbonate reservoirs shows multiple fractal characteristics.The worse the pore structure,the greater the change of internal pore distribution caused by liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption,and the stronger the heterogeneity.Liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption change the pore size distribution,pore connectivity,and heterogeneity of the rock,which further changes the physical properties of the reservoir.After sulfur injection and gas flooding,the permeability of TypeⅠreservoirs with good physical properties decreased by 16%,and that of TypesⅡandⅢreservoirs with poor physical properties decreased by 90%or more,suggesting an extremely high damage.This indicates that the worse the initial physical properties,the greater the damage of liquid sulfur deposition and adsorption.Liquid sulfur is adsorbed and deposited in different types of pore space in the forms of flocculence,cobweb,or retinitis,causing different changes in the pore structure and physical property of the reservoir.

The dynamic change of pore structure for low-rank coal under refined upgrading pretreatment temperatures

Pore structure characteristics are significant factor in the evaluation of the physical characteristics of low-rank coal.In this study,three low-rank coal samples were collected from the Xishanyao Formation,Santanghu Basin,and low-temperature liquid-nitrogen adsorption(LP-N2A)measurements were taken under various pretreatment temperatures.Owing to the continuous loss of water and volatile matter in low-rank coal,the total pore volume assumes a three-step profile with knee temperatures of 150°C and 240°C.However,the ash in the coal can protect the coal skeleton.Pore collapse mainly occurs for mesopores with aperture smaller than 20 nm.Mesopores with apertures smaller than 5 nm exhibit a continuous decrease in pore volume,whereas the pore volume of mesopores with apertures ranging from 5 to 10 nm increases at lower pretreatment temperatures(<150°C)followed by a faint decrease.As for mesopores with apertures larger than 10 nm,the pore volume increases significantly when the pretreatment temperature reaches 300°C.The pore structure of low-rank coal features a significant heating effect,the pretreatment temperature should not exceed 150°C when the LP-N2A is used to evaluate the pore structure of low-rank coal to effectively evaluate the reservoir characteristics of low-rank coal.

Experimental analysis of pore structure and fractal characteristics of soft and hard coals with same coalifcation

Accurate and quantitative investigation of the physical structure and fractal geometry of coal has important theoretical and practical signifcance for coal bed methane(CBM)development and the prevention of dynamic disasters such as coal and gas outbursts.This study investigates the pore structure and fractal characteristics of soft and hard coals using nitrogen and carbon dioxide(N_(2)/CO_(2))adsorption.Coal samples from Pingdingshan Mine in Henan province of China were collected and pulverized to the required size(0.20–0.25 mm).N_(2)/CO_(2)adsorption tests were performed to evaluate the specifc surface area(SSA),pore size distribution(PSD),and pore volume(PV)using Braunuer-Emmett-Teller(BET),Barrett-Joyner-Halenda(BJH),and Density Functional Theory(DFT).The pore structure was characterized based on the theory of fractal dimensions.The results unveiled that the strength of coal has a signifcant infuence on pore structure and fractal dimensions.There are signifcant diferences in SSA and PV between both coals.The BJH-PV and BET-SSA obtained by N_(2)-adsorption for soft coal are 0.029–0.032 cm^(3)/g and 3.523–4.783 m^(2)/g.While the values of PV and SSA obtained by CO_(2)-adsorption are 0.037–0.039 cm^(3)/g and 106.016–111.870 m^(2)/g.Soft coal shows greater SSA and PV than hard coal,which is consistent with the adsorption capacity(VL).The fractal dimensions of soft and hard coal are respectively diferent.The Ding coal exhibits larger D1 and smaller D_(2),and the reverse for the Wu coal seam is observed.The greater the value of D1(complexity of pore surface)of soft coal is,the larger the pore surface roughness and gas adsorption capacity is.The results enable us to conclude that the characterization of pores and fractal dimensions of soft and hard coals is diferent,tending to diferent adsorption/desorption characteristics.In this regard,the results provide a reference for formulating corresponding coal and gas outburst prevention and control measures.

Effects of coal molecular structure and pore morphology on methane adsorption and accumulation mechanism

The adsorption,diffusion,and aggregation of methane from coal are often studied based on slit or carbon nanotube models and isothermal adsorption and thermodynamics theories.However,the pore morphology of the slit model involves a single slit,and the carbon nanotube model does not consider the molecular structure of coal.The difference of the adsorption capacity of coal to methane was determined without considering the external environmental conditions by the molecular structure and pore morphology of coal.The study of methane adsorption by coal under single condition cannot reveal its mechanism.In view of this,elemental analysis,FTIR spectrum,XPS electron energy spectrum,13C NMR,and isothermal adsorption tests were conducted on the semi-anthracite of Changping mine and the anthracite of Sihe Mine in Shanxi Province,China.The grand canonical Monte Carlo(GCMC)and molecular dynamics simulation method was used to establish the coal molecular structure model.By comparing the results with the experimental test results,the accuracy and practicability of the molecular structure model are confirmed.Based on the adsorption potential energy theory and aggregation model,the adsorption force of methane on aromatic ring structure,pyrrole nitrogen structure,aliphatic structure,and oxygen-containing functional group was calculated.The relationship between pore morphology,methane aggregation morphology,and coal molecular structure was revealed.The results show that the adsorption force of coal molecular structure on methane is as follows:aromatic ring structure(1.96 kcal/mol)>pyridine nitrogen(1.41 kcal/mol)>pyrrorole nitrogen(1.05 kcal/mol)>aliphatic structure(0.29 kcal/mol)>oxygen-containing functional group(0.20 kcal/mol).In the long and narrow regular pores of semi-anthracite and anthracite,methane aggregates in clusters at turns and aperture changes,and the adsorption and aggregation positions are mainly determined by the aromatic ring structure,the positions of pyrrole nitrogen and pyridine nitrogen.The degree of aggregation is controlled by the interaction energy and pore morphology.The results pertaining to coal molecular structure and pore morphology on methane adsorption and aggregation location and degree are conducive to the evaluation of the adsorption mechanism of methane in coal.

Mechanism investigation on coal and gas outburst: An overview

Coal and gas outburst is a frequent dynamic disaster during underground coal mining activities.After about 150 years of exploration,the mechanisms of outbursts remain unclear to date.Studies on outburst mechanisms worldwide focused on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of outburst-prone coal,laboratory-scale outburst experiments and numerical modeling,mine-site investigations,and doctrines of outburst mechanisms.Outburst mechanisms are divided into two categories:single-factor and multi-factor mechanisms.The multi-factor mechanism is widely accepted,but all statistical phenomena during a single outburst cannot be explained using present knowledge.Additional topics about outburst mechanisms are proposed by summarizing the phenomena that need precise explanation.The most appealing research is the microscopic process of the interaction between coal and gas.Modern physical-chemical methods can help characterize the natural properties of outburst-prone coal.Outburst experiments can compensate for the deficiency of first-hand observation at the scene.Restoring the original outburst scene by constructing a geomechanical model or numerical model and reproducing the entire outburst process based on mining environment conditions,including stratigraphic distribution,gas occurrence,and geological structure,are important.Future studies can explore outburst mechanisms at the microscale.

Effectiveness analysis of methane-drainage by deep-hole controlled pre-splitting blasting for preventing coal and gas outburst

In the study of the application effectiveness of deep-hole controlled pre-splittingblasting technology,it was found through laboratory micro test and field study on a mine insouth China that under the technology,coal masses produce many irreversible cracks.Afterblasting,the nearer the distance from blasting hole,the larger the BET surface areaand volume ratio of the infiltration pore are;they increased by 11.47%and 5.73%,respectively.The coefficient of air permeability is increased 4 times.After 3 months,the gasdrainage rate was increased by 66%.In the first 15 days,the cumulative pumped gas was1.93 times of blasting before.The average absolute gas emission decreased by 63.46%.Experimental results show that deep-hole controlled pre-splitting blasting not only preventscoal and gas outburst,but also gives good economic results.

Deformed coal types and pore characteristics in Hancheng coalmines in Eastern Weibei coalfields

Based on SEM observance,the methods of low-temperature nitrogen and isothermal adsorption were used to test and analyze the coal samples of Hancheng,and pore structure characteristics of tectonic coals were discussed.The results indicate that in the same coal rank,stratification and crack are well developed in cataclastic coal,which is mostly filled by mineral substance in the geohydrologic element abundance,results in pore connectivity variation.Granulated and mylonitic coal being of these characteristics,as develop microstructures and exogenous fractures as well as large quantity of pores resulted from gas generation and strong impermeability,stimulate the recovery of seepage coal,improve coal connectivity and enhance reservoir permeability.Absorption pore(micro-pore) is dominant in coal pore for different coal body structure,the percentage of which pore aperture is from 1 to 100 nm is 71.44% to 88.15%,including large of micro-pore with the 74.56%-94.70%;with the deformation becoming more intense in the same coal rank,mesopore enlarge further,open-end pores become thin-neck-bottle-shaped pores step by step,specific surface area of micro-pore for cataclastic coal is 0.0027 m 2 /g,while mylonitic coal increases to 7.479 m 2 /g,micro-pore gradually play a dominant role in effecting pore structural parameters.

超临界CO_(2)作用下高阶煤微观结构及力学特性-声发射特征研究

超临界CO_(2)压裂技术作为极具发展潜力的压裂煤体增透瓦斯技术,明晰其对煤体的影响机制,有助于推动该技术的机理研究和实践工程应用。为准确表征超临界CO_(2)作用下高阶煤的孔裂隙结构及力学特性变化,以焦煤集团中马村矿的高阶煤为试验对象,通过自主搭建的超临界CO_(2)浸泡试验系统,结合全自动物理吸附仪(BET)以及全自动压汞仪(MIP),对超临界CO_(2)处理前后高阶煤的孔裂隙结构变化进行分析,并利用单轴压缩和声发射试验系统对超临界CO_(2)处理前后高阶煤的单轴压缩力学特性和声发射特征进行测定。结果表明:超临界CO_(2)对高阶煤具有良好的扩孔增渗作用。超临界CO_(2)处理后高阶煤的微小孔孔容占比降低,中大孔孔容占比增大,且高阶煤的总孔容增大;超临界CO_(2)对高阶煤的力学特性具有明显的劣化作用。超临界CO_(2)处理后高阶煤单轴抗压强度和弹性模量均显著下降,降幅分别为70.06%和55.56%,且超临界CO_(2)处理后高阶煤的内部声发射信号活跃度明显下降,高阶煤单轴抗压时间、累计振铃计数以及累计能量分别降低了98.68 s、95.14×10^(3)个、200.30 V·ms,降幅分别为46.65%、37.65%、50.03%,高阶煤累计振铃计数以及累计能量平静期占比均显著增加,缓增期占比均降低,激增期前者占比降低,后者占比小幅度增加。研究成果将有助于推动超临界CO_(2)压裂技术的机理研究,对深部高阶煤的煤层气开采和CO_(2)地下封存具有一定指导意义。

高阶煤吸附孔结构特征及其对甲烷吸附能力的影响

孔隙结构对煤层吸附甲烷的能力有显著影响,但目前对高阶煤吸附孔结构特征及其对甲烷吸附能力的影响研究较少。以贵州兴安煤业有限公司糯东煤矿高阶煤样为研究对象,采用低温N2吸附和低温CO_(2)吸附试验,结合分形理论研究了高阶煤吸附孔的孔隙结构特征,并通过高压等温甲烷吸附试验,分析了煤储层物性、孔隙结构特征和分形维数对甲烷吸附能力的影响。结果表明:①高阶煤储层孔隙形态较为单一,多数为两端开放的平行板孔和狭缝型孔,微孔在煤的孔隙结构中占主导地位,其孔体积和孔比表面积占比均大于98%,为气体的富集提供了空间。②以不同孔径段的孔体积占比为权重计算高阶煤孔隙的综合分形维数,微孔分形维数在综合分形维数中占主导地位;煤样孔隙结构具有明显的分形特征,孔隙非均质性较强。③Langmuir模型能很好地描述高阶煤的吸附行为,煤储层物性、孔隙结构和分形维数对甲烷吸附能力影响显著,Langmuir体积与最大镜质体反射率、镜质组含量、灰分含量和水分含量呈线性正相关关系,与惰质组含量呈线性负相关关系;Langmuir体积与吸附孔的孔比表面积和孔体积均呈线性正相关关系,Langmuir体积与分形维数呈弱线性关系。研究结果可为黔西南地区高阶煤层气勘探开发及煤矿瓦斯灾害防治提供理论指导。

基于结构表征和热力学分析的2种菊花粉水分吸附特性研究

为探讨干制菊花吸湿特性与其结构、水分活度(A_(w))、贮藏温度的关系,本文以2种菊花粉末(小黄菊和贡菊王)为对象,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线电子能谱(XPS)对其结构特征进行分析,结果显示菊花粉末表面粗糙,含有大量凹陷和孔洞;与小黄菊相比,贡菊王粉末粒径较小且表面含有更多的亲水基团,如-OH,O-C-O等。采用静态称量法在20、30和40℃和A_(w)=0.112~0.976下研究了2种菊花粉末的水分吸附行为,并通过模型拟合和热力学分析阐明了物料的水分吸附机制。菊花粉末的平衡干基含水率(X_(e))随水分活度(A_(w))增加而升高,但在同一A_(w)下,温度越高X_(e)值越低。Peleg模型是描述水分吸附等温线的最佳模型。热力学分析表明,净等量吸附热(qst)随平衡干基含水率升高而降低,其中小黄菊和贡菊王粉末的qst值分别于X_(e)>0.14 g/g和X_(e)>0.24 g/g时趋于恒定。小黄菊在20、30和40℃下的单分子层干基含水率(X_(m))分别为0.0690、0.0525、0.0505 g/g(干基),而贡菊王为0.0645、0.0591和0.0584 g/g(干基)。有效孔径(rp)随温度和水分含量增加而增大,其中当X_(e)>0.09 g/g(干基)时小黄菊粉末呈现介孔特性,而贡菊王粉末则当X_(e)>0.11 g/g(干基)时内部孔隙才由微孔转变成介孔。研究结果可为菊花的干燥工艺优化与贮藏条件选择提供参考。

鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区侏罗系延安组煤层微观孔隙结构特征

煤层孔隙结构对煤层气的吸附与扩散具有显著影响。通过气体吸附、核磁共振、扫描电镜等实验,对鄂尔多斯盆地神木地区侏罗系延安组煤岩开展煤层孔隙结构多尺度、多参数的联合表征研究,厘清了煤层气解吸—扩散—渗流的规律。研究结果表明:(1)神木地区延安组煤层平均孔隙度为6.89%,平均渗透率为4.82 mD,属典型的特低渗煤层,主要发育方解石、黏土矿物以及非晶质组分等,其中方解石平均质量分数为54.8%,黏土矿物平均质量分数为35.7%,非晶质平均质量分数为15.0%。(2)研究区煤层主要储集空间为狭缝形和墨水瓶形等,包括气孔、屑间孔、胞腔孔、铸模孔和少量微裂缝,孔隙以2~50 nm的介孔为主,大孔次之,微孔最少,但微孔是孔比表面积及孔容的主要贡献者,表明煤层气主要吸附在微孔中。(3)研究区煤层孔喉尺寸为纳米—微米级,对渗透率的贡献主要来自于亚微米—微米级的孔喉,其孔隙连通性好。煤样可动流体饱和度为38.72%~65.06%,退汞效率为0.84%~44.30%,均质系数为1.86~10.95,且不同深度煤层孔喉半径对渗透率的贡献存在较大差异,表明该区煤层具有较强的非均质性。

超临界CO_(2)作用下无烟煤结构响应特征及高压吸附机理

中国深部煤层气资源丰富,将CO_(2)注入深部煤层,在提高煤层气采收率同时,还可实现CO_(2)地质封存(CO_(2)-ECBM)。通常,深部煤层CO_(2)处于超临界态并显著影响煤体吸附能力,但对于超临界CO_(2)作用下煤体结构演化及吸附机理尚不清晰。为此,以山西晋城成庄矿二叠系山西组三号煤层为研究对象,开展了无烟煤对超临界CO_(2)的高压吸附实验,结合傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射光电子能谱(XPS)测试及比表面积(BET)测试,分析了超临界CO_(2)高压吸附引起的无烟煤化学结构与孔隙结构响应特征,最后揭示了无烟煤对超临界CO_(2)的高压吸附特性及吸附机理。研究结果表明:①超临界CO_(2)高压吸附存在突变点,35℃时突变点位于临界压力(8 MPa)附近,在突变点处的吸附能力最小;②超临界CO_(2)可使芳香环枝接官能团、醚氧键、羟基氢键断裂,脂肪结构甲基脱落,可为CO_(2)提供更多的吸附位点,增强了无烟煤表面吸附能力;③超临界CO_(2)改变无烟煤介孔的孔隙结构特征和分形特征,吸附后平均孔径、孔体积、比表面积、分形维数呈增大趋势,孔隙粗糙度增大,对孔隙结构改造作用表现为“增孔、扩孔、粗糙化”,可提供更多吸附空间,增强了无烟煤吸附能力;④在深部煤层中注入CO_(2),应优先选择高孔隙度、高渗透性储层,注入煤层环境应尽可能远离CO_(2)临界点区域,储层对CO_(2)才有最大吸附能力。结论认为,成果认识为深部煤层CO_(2)可注性及封存潜力评估提供了重要的理论依据,对煤层气高效开发具有重要现实意义。

低阶煤不同宏观煤岩组分孔隙发育特征及甲烷吸附/解吸性能差异

目的针对煤储层非均质性较强,不同宏观煤岩组分由于物质成分和孔隙结构差异导致煤层气吸附解吸性能和气水运移特征迥异的问题,方法以黄陇煤田彬长矿区延安组低阶煤为研究对象,采集并分离镜煤和暗煤组分,综合运用显微组分测定、元素分析、压汞、低温液氮吸附、吸附解吸试验等测试方法,研究低阶镜煤和暗煤的孔隙发育特征差异和对甲烷吸附/解吸性能的影响。结果结果表明:(1)镜煤的镜质组质量分数、挥发分及H,O,N,S元素质量分数高于暗煤的,而惰质组、壳质组、矿物、灰分、固定碳和C元素质量分数低于暗煤的。(2)煤样孔隙度为2.92%~10.29%,总体孔隙较发育,暗煤孔隙度略高于镜煤的,孔喉更粗,大孔更发育,连通性更好。镜煤BET比表面积和BJH总孔容均略大于暗煤的,微孔更发育,且多以半封闭型和墨水瓶型孔隙为主。(3)镜煤微小孔更发育,比表面积更大,吸附能力更强。结论煤中甲烷吸附/解吸过程普遍存在解吸滞后现象,暗煤孔隙连通性相对较好,解吸滞后程度低于镜煤的,理论解吸效率高于镜煤的。研究结果可为彬长矿区低阶煤煤层气储层物性认识提供参考。