A review of mechanism of action of outdoor exposure in preventing myopia incidence and progression

Various studies have suggested several environmental,pharmacological,medical,and optical interventions and some are in use but their efficacy in myopia control may be transient,and the cellular,molecular,and biochemical mechanisms involved unclear.Daylight exposure is currently regarded as an effective and enduring strategy in the control of myopia development and progression.However,the mechanism behind the effect of outdoor exposure and its association with genetic predisposition and other relatively more significant environmental factors on myopia is still a conundrum.This review focuses on survey-based and intervention-based studies carried out to propose a mechanism that accounts for myopia development and important for its control.

A Semantic-Sensitive Approach to Indoor and Outdoor 3D Data Organization

Building model data organization is often programmed to solve a specific problem,resulting in the inability to organize indoor and outdoor 3D scenes in an integrated manner.In this paper,existing building spatial data models are studied,and the characteristics of building information modeling standards(IFC),city geographic modeling language(CityGML),indoor modeling language(IndoorGML),and other models are compared and analyzed.CityGML and IndoorGML models face challenges in satisfying diverse application scenarios and requirements due to limitations in their expression capabilities.It is proposed to combine the semantic information of the model objects to effectively partition and organize the indoor and outdoor spatial 3D model data and to construct the indoor and outdoor data organization mechanism of“chunk-layer-subobject-entrances-area-detail object.”This method is verified by proposing a 3D data organization method for indoor and outdoor space and constructing a 3D visualization system based on it.

Outdoor Corrosion Performance Study of Selected Construction Materials in Bonny Island

Corrosion studies are important due to the enormous cost involved in the replacement of materials in all kinds of applications. The outdoor study on corrosion behavior of aluminum sheet, chequered aluminum plate and zinc alloys roofing sheet commonly used as construction material within a highly industrial settlement were examined using the gravimetric technique. The outdoor corrosion of these alloys at different sites was observed via its exposure to atmospheric conditions, monitored and recorded for 12 months at an interval of 2 months. Results depicted a process spanning the initial and intermediate stages of corrosion. The samples of construction materials at Bonny island showed substantial weight losses and rate of corrosion which varied largely on percentage of atmospheric humidity, salt precipitations, industrial aerosols and corrosive gases present at the exposure site as well as the nature of the material and the presence of protective coating formed during corrosion process. The rapid rate of deterioration of these materials causes severe economic importance on the indigenes’ activities including the oil and gas industries and other construction companies on the island. Thus, there is urgent need for research concerned with methods to control or prevent excessive deterioration of metals in Bonny Island.

Deep Pyramidal Residual Network for Indoor-Outdoor Activity Recognition Based on Wearable Sensor

Recognition of human activity is one of the most exciting aspects of time-series classification,with substantial practical and theoretical impli-cations.Recent evidence indicates that activity recognition from wearable sensors is an effective technique for tracking elderly adults and children in indoor and outdoor environments.Consequently,researchers have demon-strated considerable passion for developing cutting-edge deep learning sys-tems capable of exploiting unprocessed sensor data from wearable devices and generating practical decision assistance in many contexts.This study provides a deep learning-based approach for recognizing indoor and outdoor movement utilizing an enhanced deep pyramidal residual model called Sen-PyramidNet and motion information from wearable sensors(accelerometer and gyroscope).The suggested technique develops a residual unit based on a deep pyramidal residual network and introduces the concept of a pyramidal residual unit to increase detection capability.The proposed deep learning-based model was assessed using the publicly available 19Nonsens dataset,which gathered motion signals from various indoor and outdoor activities,including practicing various body parts.The experimental findings demon-strate that the proposed approach can efficiently reuse characteristics and has achieved an identification accuracy of 96.37%for indoor and 97.25%for outdoor activity.Moreover,comparison experiments demonstrate that the SenPyramidNet surpasses other cutting-edge deep learning models in terms of accuracy and F1-score.Furthermore,this study explores the influence of several wearable sensors on indoor and outdoor action recognition ability.

Research and Application of Ecological Outdoor Ground Structure with Composite Water Storage and Drainage Function

In order to solve the problems of surface runoff increase,water accumulation in rainy days and urban heat island effect,an ecological outdoor ground structure with composite water storage and drainage functions was studied and applied in this paper:Through the comprehensive design of road ground,road inspection well,garden inspection well and drainage pipe network,it can quickly store and drain ground water,alleviate the urban heat island effect,realize plant infiltration irrigation,and achieve the purpose of saving water and energy.

Simulation Evaluation of Outdoor Noise Environment in Buildings

Green campus design has become an essential strategy to enhance campus life and learning.However,noise pol-lution remains a troubling aspect that impacts teaching and learning processes,even causing harm to the health of students and teachers.Therefore,acoustic environment quality design is crucial.This article focuses on the expansion project of a school campus in Shenzhen.We simulated and analyzed the outdoor noise environment separately for the proposed teach-ing building,as well as the existing buildings like the dining hall,teaching building,and laboratory building.The results showed that the proposed teaching building was mainly affected by surrounding noise,with the worst outdoor noise being in classrooms adjacent to the teaching building in the south and the basketball court at the west of the classroom,with maximum noise values reaching 73 dB and 66 dB,respectively.In the future,these rooms should be renovated to achieve an excellent indoor soundproof environment.

Research on the Outdoor Activities and Spatial Characteristics of the Elderly in College Communities:Taking a University in Northern China as an Example

In view of the aging population in the country,college communities can better meet the needs of the elderly in the community by developing hardware facilities,environmental resources,and management systems.However,in China,the research on elderly care in colleges is still in its infancy.The paper presents an analysis on the characteristics of the elderly group,outdoor activities,and space characteristics in college communities through the field survey of a university in the north,questionnaire survey and interview with the elderly.Suggestions for optimizing the outdoor activities space of the elderly in college communities are then provided,hoping to provide some reference for relevant research.

众源地理信息支持下的建成环境与户外慢跑关联交互

【目的】户外健身慢跑已成为城市居民提升健康水平的重要方式。探析城市建成环境与户外慢跑行为的关联交互,旨在为建立友好型人居环境提供科学依据。【方法】利用慢跑GPS轨迹、街景图片等众源地理大数据,在城市尺度测度户外慢跑行为和城市建成环境特征。采用地理探测器模型探究成都市主城区建成环境与慢跑行为的关联交互影响及其时空差异性。【结果】人口密度、土地利用混合度、公交站密度是户外慢跑空间分布的核心作用因子。建成环境因子两两交互后对慢跑流量的解释力均大于单因子,其中,人口密度和土地利用混合度二者的交互在50%程度上解释了慢跑活动的空间分异。部分环境因子对慢跑流量的交互影响会随着时间和土地利用类型的不同而变化。人口密度和土地利用混合度与其他建成环境因子呈现协同增强的交互影响,且核心交互因子对慢跑的解释力大小具有时空变化性。【结论】众源地理信息为大范围、低成本的感知测度人类行为和城市环境提供了新手段。系统解析建成环境对户外慢跑的关联交互影响,可为健康导向的城市设计提供决策建议。

山地户外运动的特点与价值

山地户外运动是指在野外的自然环境中进行的有一定探险性质或者探险体验的体育活动项目群,对于体验户外、感受自然,促进身心健康全面发展有重要的作用和意义。综合运用文献资料、实地调研等方法对山地户外运动的特点和价值进行探讨,研究认为山地户外运动的主要特点是在野外的自然环境中进行、具有一定的挑战和探险性质、强烈的团队意识、涵盖的内容范围极广、对参与者的体能要求非常高、是体验教育的关键部分,主要价值体现在健身价值、和谐价值、教育价值、观赏价值和经济价值五个方面。

户外坐席系统设计要素研究

户外坐席形式在各类户外空间中广泛存在,但其设计理论未有深入研究。文章通过设计实践与考察调研、文献辅助,用系统论方法,将设计系统的“人、事、场、物”作为系统单元要素为理论推演,回归人为事物的“人、事、场、物”基本要素框架,对户外坐席系统设计要素进行分析,明确户外坐席的系统设计要素内容,为其系统设计及后续研究明确方向。

寒冷地区城市公园老年人秋季热舒适特征及影响因素分析

为进一步明确寒冷地区城市公园老年人秋季热舒适特征及影响因素,结合微气候实测和热舒适调研的方法,通过与非老年人进行对比,分析了老年人室外热感觉与热舒适的关系特征,从热中性生理等效温度(physiological equivalent temperature,PET)、满足80%热可接受率的PET范围以及热偏好PET 3个方面,划定了老年人热舒适评价标准,并探明了微气候因素对老年人热舒适的影响特征。结果表明:寒冷地区秋季城市公园中,相较于非老年人,老年人的耐热性较强,耐寒性较弱;老年人的热中性PET为8.3℃,非老年人为11.5℃,热可接受PET范围为3.2~28.0℃,非老年人为4.9~24.3℃,热偏好PET为25.8℃,非老年人为24.2℃;各微气候因素对老年人热感觉的影响程度由大到小依次为黑球温度>风速>相对湿度。

寒地城市老幼群体不同季节住区户外活动特征及其影响因素研究

住区是承载老幼群体户外活动的主要场所,寒地城市特殊气候条件下的季节变化对老幼群体的活动特征影响显著,本文根据其影响因素提出满足老幼群体全季节活动需求的共享型户外活动空间营造策略。利用实地调研与问卷结合的方式对哈尔滨市6个样本住区452组老幼群体进行调查,研究不同季节老幼群体住区户外活动的时间与空间分布特征,并通过多元回归分析的方法分别提取不同季节下老幼群体活动频率、活动时长和活动类型的影响因素。基于研究结果,从优化目标、优化机制、环境营造三方面提出寒地住区户外活动空间的优化策略。

基于点云特征的改进RANSAC地面分割算法

针对室外复杂场景下,轻量级和地面优化的激光雷达里程计与测图(LeGO-LOAM)算法由于地面分割不精确而导致算法定位精度降低的问题,提出一种基于改进随机一致性采样(RANSAC)的多线程地面分割算法:相较于传统RANSAC算法,该算法舍弃从全部原始数据中随机选取种子点拟合地面模型的迭代方式,首先利用点云高程、曲率等点特征信息挑选出所有小于高程、曲率等阈值的种子点以构建种子点集合,并根据种子点集合中的种子点数量判断是否需要多线程处理;然后根据判断结果从种子点集合中选择种子点子集进行地面拟合;最后比较各地面模型所包含的点云数量以获得最优地面模型参数以及地面点云集;地面分割精度的提高有效地降低了LeGO-LOAM算法的定位误差。实验结果表明,在室外复杂场景下所提出的地面分割算法分割效果更好,杂点更少;相较于原LeGO-LOAM算法,改进算法的定位误差降低至3.73 m,平面均方根误差降低了20.8%。

室外通信机柜通风冷却节能性能研究

合肥地区室外空气温度全年约有77.5%的时间在25℃以下,利用CFD数值模拟对机柜进行气流组织优化,结果表明,在合肥地区可采用新风设备给室外通信机柜降温。为了充分利用室外自然冷却资源,在对合肥地区典型室外通信机柜进行现场测量和数值模拟的基础上,提出了空调与新风设备联动策略。该策略缩短了空调的运行时间,从而节约能源,结果表明,空调与新风设备联合运行时的能耗为空调单独运行时的46.8%。

干热地区不同居住区夏季室外热环境分析——以石河子市5个居住区为例

随着城镇化的快速发展,大规模的城市开发建设加剧了城市热岛效应,干热地区夏季城市热环境问题尤为突出,城市活力下降。为探究不同形态参数和建筑布局对干热地区居住区夏季室外热环境的影响,通过对石河子市五个典型居住区的热环境物理参数进行实测调研,运用控制变量法对比不同形态参数对居住区的影响,并采用多元回归分析的方法探究干热地区室外热环境的影响因素,以期为干热地区营造健康舒适的室外环境和街区设计提供借鉴和参考。

基于超宽带定位的室外定位系统设计

随着体育竞技水平的不断提高,运动员对科学精准的训练分析方法的需求越来越高,对于人体的定位分析是其中一个基本且重要的维度。目前基于GPS的室外定位无法满足一般的小型体育场景的高精度定位,该文基于超宽带定位技术设计了一套应用于小型场景室外定位系统,该系统可以满足高精度、高刷新率要求的体育定位场景,可以应用于一般田径运动的训练分析。

基于Kano-TRIZ的中老年户外腰背按摩器设计研究

目的分析户外腰背按摩器的用户需求,在此基础上对其进行分类并完成优先级排序,以找到提高用户满意度的需求项,进而为户外腰背按摩器的创新设计提供新的参考。方法通过文献分析法和访谈法得出户外腰背按摩器的用户初始需求项;运用KJ法归纳用户需求;结合调查问卷和Kano模型进行筛选,得出中老年人对户外腰背按摩器的四个需求属性类别及排序;借助TRIZ理论分析工具进行设计实践。结果户外腰背按摩器的基本型需求和期望型需求主要体现在产品操作简单,结构简单稳固及滚轮防滑;魅力型需求主要体现在腰背部按摩、提供按摩滚轮、按摩器高度可调节的功能方面。结论通过对中老年人的需求属性分析,为今后户外健身器材提供新的设计思路与参考。

养老机构室外景观环境适老性调查分析——以齐齐哈尔市4所养老机构为例

养老机构室外环境是承载着老年人休闲、锻炼和交流等功能的重要场所,其质量的好坏和品质的高低直接影响着老年人的身心健康。以养老机构室外景观环境的适老性为研究对象,通过实地调查和问卷调查的方法,对齐齐哈尔市4所具有代表性的养老机构进行实地调研,深入分析老年人在室外环境中的活动状况以及室外环境现存问题,因地制宜地提出优化建议,为改善老年人的居住环境提供参考。

夹芯镀锌钢板复合墙板对木结构建筑外部火灾蔓延的延缓与阻断作用研究

目的提出一种新型夹芯镀锌钢板复合墙板,以延缓与阻断村镇木结构建筑的外部火灾蔓延。方法采用火灾环境模拟软件PyroSim建立西南地区穿斗式木结构建筑数值模型,从发生火灾后的室外温度和外部火灾蔓延时间的角度,对比分析复合墙板对外部火灾蔓延的延缓与阻断效果及其合理布设方式。结果综合考虑地形、地势以及大气环境等不确定因素的影响,建议西南地区穿斗式木结构建筑防火间距取值为6.0 m以上。对于封堵山墙通风洞口的木结构建筑而言,当前后立面方向的建筑间距为3.0 m时,复合墙板的布设能够将火灾蔓延至相邻建筑物的时间延长约60 s;当前后立面方向的建筑间距为4.0 m时,复合墙板的布设将有效阻断外部火灾蔓延。结论对于未封堵山墙通风洞口的木结构建筑物而言,应以合理设置防火间距作为控制外部火灾蔓延的手段。对于封堵山墙通风洞口的木结构建筑物而言,在前后立面外墙布设复合墙板,既能延缓外部火灾蔓延,又能有效降低成本。

冷辐射墙系统对室外热环境的改善

选取夏季沈阳西塔步行街作为研究对象,通过实地测量和PHOENICS软件模拟,对比分析了步行街的室外热环境。发现测量数据与模拟数据的趋势大体相同,并且有较好的拟合结果,验证了PHOENICS模拟软件对街区室外热环境模拟的可行性。同时通过热舒适评价指标UTCI评价了湿热天气下街区的热舒适,其中阴影区外的行人活动区域UTCI值达到42℃左右,街区平均UTCI达到37℃左右,属于极端热应力和很强的热应力范围。为改善步行街的室外热环境,建立了冷辐射墙系统,通过试验验证和数据分析证明了冷辐射墙系统对室外热环境有较好的改善效果。最后在PHOENICS模拟软件中,将冷辐射墙模型加到原有的街区模型中,模拟发现在加入冷辐射墙的3号楼附近,风速增加了1m/s,温度降低了3℃左右,验证了冷辐射墙系统在热湿天气下对街区室外热环境有很好的改善效果。