In this paper, we propose a fuzzy linear regression model with LR-type fuzzy input variables and fuzzy output variable, the fuzzy extent of which may be different. Then we give the iterative solution of the proposed m...In this paper, we propose a fuzzy linear regression model with LR-type fuzzy input variables and fuzzy output variable, the fuzzy extent of which may be different. Then we give the iterative solution of the proposed model based on the Weighted Least Squares estimation procedure. Some properties of the estimates are proved. We also define suitable goodness of fit index and its adjusted version useful to evaluate the performances of the proposed model. Based on the Least Median Squares-Weighted Least Squares (LMS-WLS) estimation procedure, we give robust estimation steps for the proposed model. Compared with the well-known fuzzy Least Squares method, the effectiveness of our model on reducing the outliers influence is shown by using two examples.展开更多
To determine the distribution of stem decay in the beech stands of Azerbaijan, we sought to identify the species, number, and height of attachment of fruiting bodies;the extent of decay in tree trunks growing under di...To determine the distribution of stem decay in the beech stands of Azerbaijan, we sought to identify the species, number, and height of attachment of fruiting bodies;the extent of decay in tree trunks growing under different conditions;and its influence on the trees’ commercial wood. The research was conducted on three farms representing the most common forest types of the Greater Caucasus within Azerbaijan. Examination of the presence of fruiting bodies in the tree trunk revealed that stem decay is the most common infection in beech (Fagus orientalis) stands, especially in fresh, moist areas, with less infection under dry growing conditions. In this work, the length, diameter, and volume of decay were studied by infecting the trunks of 93 model trees affected with mushrooms in 1–4 m cuttings. Our results showed that as the age of the stand increased, extent, diameter, and volume of decay increased significantly: the extent of decay from 1.47 to 6.43 m;the diameter of the decay from 8.15 to 32.7 cm;and the volume of decay from 2.5 to 13.2%. The relationship between age and the specified indicators is presented graphically. Using data obtained from the same sample of trees, we determined the expected and actual yield of commercial wood by age class. We determined that stem decay in beech stands leads to a decrease in the yield of commercial wood on average from 25.1% in the middle-aged to 14.8% in overmature plantations, respectively, with an estimated yield of 40.8–62.7%. Here we present mathematical models of the output of commercial wood from the infected part of the stands by age classes with the use of average data on the extent of decay in model trees.展开更多
A review of the art state was developed about the inflow relationships and their application for reservoir characterization. The theoretical development of the methodology for determining the damage effect using type-...A review of the art state was developed about the inflow relationships and their application for reservoir characterization. The theoretical development of the methodology for determining the damage effect using type-curves of the inflow relationships was shown. We show the process followed for achieve the geothermal type-curve affected with damage for reservoirs with mean salinities of 30000 ppm and temperatures up to 350℃. This type-curve was applied using measurement production data in a Mexican geothermal field. According with the obtained results is shown that the methodology for determining the damage effect using production measurements is a sure alternative for the damage effect calculation. It was used an alternative methodology in order to validate the damage presence and the obtained results were consistent. Last thing shows that both methodologies can be combined as a confident manner.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we propose a fuzzy linear regression model with LR-type fuzzy input variables and fuzzy output variable, the fuzzy extent of which may be different. Then we give the iterative solution of the proposed model based on the Weighted Least Squares estimation procedure. Some properties of the estimates are proved. We also define suitable goodness of fit index and its adjusted version useful to evaluate the performances of the proposed model. Based on the Least Median Squares-Weighted Least Squares (LMS-WLS) estimation procedure, we give robust estimation steps for the proposed model. Compared with the well-known fuzzy Least Squares method, the effectiveness of our model on reducing the outliers influence is shown by using two examples.
基金‘‘Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction’’ and Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources
文摘To determine the distribution of stem decay in the beech stands of Azerbaijan, we sought to identify the species, number, and height of attachment of fruiting bodies;the extent of decay in tree trunks growing under different conditions;and its influence on the trees’ commercial wood. The research was conducted on three farms representing the most common forest types of the Greater Caucasus within Azerbaijan. Examination of the presence of fruiting bodies in the tree trunk revealed that stem decay is the most common infection in beech (Fagus orientalis) stands, especially in fresh, moist areas, with less infection under dry growing conditions. In this work, the length, diameter, and volume of decay were studied by infecting the trunks of 93 model trees affected with mushrooms in 1–4 m cuttings. Our results showed that as the age of the stand increased, extent, diameter, and volume of decay increased significantly: the extent of decay from 1.47 to 6.43 m;the diameter of the decay from 8.15 to 32.7 cm;and the volume of decay from 2.5 to 13.2%. The relationship between age and the specified indicators is presented graphically. Using data obtained from the same sample of trees, we determined the expected and actual yield of commercial wood by age class. We determined that stem decay in beech stands leads to a decrease in the yield of commercial wood on average from 25.1% in the middle-aged to 14.8% in overmature plantations, respectively, with an estimated yield of 40.8–62.7%. Here we present mathematical models of the output of commercial wood from the infected part of the stands by age classes with the use of average data on the extent of decay in model trees.
文摘A review of the art state was developed about the inflow relationships and their application for reservoir characterization. The theoretical development of the methodology for determining the damage effect using type-curves of the inflow relationships was shown. We show the process followed for achieve the geothermal type-curve affected with damage for reservoirs with mean salinities of 30000 ppm and temperatures up to 350℃. This type-curve was applied using measurement production data in a Mexican geothermal field. According with the obtained results is shown that the methodology for determining the damage effect using production measurements is a sure alternative for the damage effect calculation. It was used an alternative methodology in order to validate the damage presence and the obtained results were consistent. Last thing shows that both methodologies can be combined as a confident manner.
