Accuracy of Intraoperative Frozen Section in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Neoplasms

Objective: The aim of the work is to evaluate the accuracy of intraoperative frozen section in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms in Zagazig University. Design: A prospective cross sectional cohort study. Method: This study was performed between March 2011 and March 2012, on 50 patients presented with ovarian mass. Gross examination of the tumor removed was done by inspection and palpation. The specimen was then cut with a sharp knife into two halves. The most appropriate area thought to be representative of lesion was chosen. The number of sections frozen was depended on the type and size of the tumor. Seven to eight μm sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The specimens were then fixed in formalin. Paraffin blocks of the sections were processed in the routine way and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). The diagnosis obtained by intraoperative frozen section based on cellularity and cell morphology was compared with final histopathological diagnosis in terms of diagnostic sensitivity, to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Assessment of the overall accuracy of the intraoperative diagnosis was classified as concordant or discordant. Results: There was no statisticaly significant differencre in the studied patients as regard the clinical data, macroscopic and intraoperative picture, while there was statisticaly significat association as regard the laterality of the ovarian masses. The validity of frozen section in the diagnosis of benign tumour was 100% with 100% accuracy, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, while sensitivity & negative prediction for borderline tumour and specificity & positive prediction of malignant tumour were 100%, specifecity for borderline tumours was 95% while the positive predictive value was 33.3% with 96% accuracy for both malignant and borderline tumours. Conclusion: Intraoperative frozen section is accurate for rapid diagnosis of ovarian tumors. It can help surgeons avoid under-treatment or overtreatment of patients. Our study was designed prospectively using a small number of patients. The door is open to larger studies using a larger number of patients to be performed in order to substantiate our results.

The diagnostic value of multiple tumor markers in malignantovarian neoplasms

Objective:To study the diagnostic value of multiple tumor markers in malignant ovarian neoplasm.Methods:Sera obtained from 430 patients with ovarian masses (110 cases were malignant ovarian tumors,320 cases were benign ovarian tumors) before operation,and from 50 healthy women as control.Serologic examination of tumor markers included CA125,TSGF,SA,CEA,AFP,HCG and Fer.Results:The serum levels of CA125,TSGF,SA and Fer in patients with ovarian cancer were higher than those in patients with benign ovarian tumors (P<0.05),also in control group (P<0.05).In the diagnostic value of application for malignant ovarian neoplasm,CA125,TSGF and SA were better than the others.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in diagnosis of ovarian cancer were 86.4%,82.8%and 83.7% respectively for CA125 alone,78.2%,81.3%and 80.5% for TSGF alone,74.5%,81.9%and 80.0% for SA alone,whereas 95.5%,45.6%and 58.4% for multiple tumor markers combined in which 1 or more indices showed positive,93.6%,80.6%and 84.0% for that in which 2 or more indices showed positive,and 87.3%,90.3%and 89.5% for that in which 3 or more indices show positive.Conclusion:multiple tumor markers examination could improve the diagnosis of ovarian cancer,and examination of CA125,TSGF and SA combined is most ideal.

Management of mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual management of mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) of the pancreas. A systematic review was performed in December 2009 by consulting PubMed MEDLINE for publications and matching the "pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm", "pancreatic mucinous cystic tumour", "pancreatic mucinous cystic mass", "pancreatic cyst", and "pancreatic cystic neoplasm" to identify English language articles describing the diagnosis and treatment of the mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. In total, 16 322 references ranging from January 1969 to December 2009 were analysed and 77 articles were identified. No articles published before 1996 were selected because MCNs were not previously considered to be a completely autonomous disease. Definition, epidemiology, anatomopathological findings, clinical presentation, preoperative evaluation, treatment and prognosis were reviewed. MCNs are pancreatic mucinproducing cysts with a distinctive ovarian-type stroma localized in the body-tail of the gland and occurring in middle-aged females. The majority of MCNs are slow growing and asymptomatic. The prevalence of invasive carcinoma varies between 6% and 55%. Preoperative diagnosis depends on a combination of clinical features, tumor markers, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasound with cyst fluid analysis, and positron emission tomography-CT. Surgery is indicated for all MCNs.

Expression and significance of tumor suppressor gene p16 in human ovarian neoplasm

To observe the relationship between tumor suppressor gene p16 expression and ovarian cancer occurrence and development. Metbods: Using ABC immunohistochemistry method, we investigated the expression of p16 in 72 cases of ovarian neoplasm. Results: The positive rates of p16 in malignant, benign, borderline tumors and normal ovarian tissue were 7. 89%, 60.00%, 66. 67% and 83. 33%, respectively (P<0.01). In the cases whose tumors were more malignant and poorly differentiated, and who relapsed and died, the positive stainings were not discovered. Conclusiou: p16 is well related with the occurrence and development of malignant ovarian tumor.

EXPRESSION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF BASIC FIBROBLAST GWOWTH FACTOR AND FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR-1 IN OVARIAN EPITHELIAL NEOPLASM

Objective To study the relevance of expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR 1) and carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian epithelial neoplasm. Methods Ten cases of normal ovarian tissues and 75 cases of ovarian epithelial neoplasm tissues were detected by immunohistochemical methods: S P for bFGF, FGFR 1,double immunohistochemistry Lab SA for Ki 67 antigen and bFGF. Results The expression level of bFGF, FGFR 1in ovarian epithelium and ovarian epithelial neoplasm showed a step wise increase in the following order:normal <benign <borderline <malignant; The expression level and intensity of bFGF and FGFR 1 were increased with the decrease of differentiation degree and increase of clinical stage in ovarian carcinoma; There was no statistical difference between the expression of bFGF, FGFR 1 in serous cystadenocarcinoma and that of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma; The expression of bFGF was correlated with that of FGFR 1 in neoplastic tissues; There were positive expression rates of bFGF and Ki 67 antigen in ovarian epithelial neoplasm. Conclusion As an important proliferative factor, bFGF plays an important role in carcinogenisis and progression of ovarian epithelial neoplasm.

The relationship between the expression of hK6 in ovarian neoplasm and the clinicopathologic variables and prognosis

Objective: The aim of this study was to approach the relationship between the expression of human kallikrein 6 (hK6) in ovarian neoplasm and the clinicopathologic variables and prognosis for finding a new tumor marker for ovarian cancer. Methods: Through immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of hK6 in 19 cases with benign, 11 cases with borderline and 45 cases with malignant ovarian neoplasms and statistically analyzed whether the expression of hK6 correlated with the clinicopathologic variables and prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Results: The positive rate of hK6 in ovarian cancer tissues (60.0%) was significantly higher than that in the benign (15.8%) and borderline (27.3%) ovarian neoplasm tissues (P < 0.01). The expression of hK6 in low-grade ovarian cancer tissues was higher than that in high-grade (68.4% vs 14.3%; P < 0.05); hK6 in late–stage (stage III) was more frequently expressed than that in early-stage (stage I or II) (76.7% vs 26.7%; P < 0.01); and it significantly higher in ovarian carcinomas with lymph node metastases than those without lymph node metastases (77.8% vs 33.3%; P < 0.01 ); moreover, the expression of hK6 in the cancer tissues that the patients died or their pathogenetic condition recurred or their tumor metastasized within 3 years after surgery was higher (75.0%) than that in the cancer tissues that the pathogenetic condition of the patients was stable (42.9%; P < 0.05). Conclusion: The expression of hK6 in ovarian cancer tissues was higher than that in the benign and borderline ovarian neoplasm tissues, and high hK6 expression correlated with late–stage, low-grade, node metastasis and poor prognosis of patients. hK6 could potentially be a novel tumor marker for ovarian cancer that can predict the prognosis of the patients.

A Case of Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm of Its Difficultly to Distinguish from a Right Ovarian Tumor Due to Postmenopause

We here present a rare case of appendiceal tumor mimicking ovarian tumor in menopause woman. The patient was a 56-year-old woman, G1P1, who presented to our hospital with a right adnexal cyst diagnosed at another hospital. Transvaginal echocardiography showed a cyst in the right adnexal region, and pelvic contrast-enhanced MRI revealed a small cyst in the same region. The left ovary was atrophic and identifiable. It was unclear whether the cyst was contiguous with the gastrointestinal tract. Blood tests showed no elevation of tumor markers. We considered its possibility of a gastrointestinal origin, but since right normal ovary was not found, we thought the tumor was of ovarian origin and decided on a laparoscopic resection of the right adnexa. Intraoperatively, we observed atrophied bilateral normal ovaries, and the pelvic tumor was contiguous to the appendix. Surgeons performed a laparoscopic appendectomy after consultation with us. After resection we searched the abdominal and pelvic cavities, but found no obvious disseminated lesions. The histological diagnosis was low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN), a rare benign tumor of the appendix. Appendiceal tumors can be difficult to differentiate from right ovarian tumors due to their close anatomic location in the pelvis. It is possible to determine whether the tumor is of ovarian or appendiceal origin by identifying normal ovaries and the location of the feeding vessels into the tumors. In our case, there were no lesions other than the appendix, but LAMN can metastasize to the ovary, cause pseudomyoxoma peritonei, or be an overlapping tumor with an ovarian tumor. If an appendiceal tumor is diagnosed after surgery for ovarian tumor, the intra-abdominal cavity should be searched for metastasis or dissemination, and a thorough search for ovarian lesions should be performed with the possibility of an overlapping tumor in mind.

Human ovarian neoplasm cell CD147 stimulates production and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in co-cultures with mouse fibroblasts

Objective: To investigate the expression of CD147 on human ovarian neoplasm cell lines and its influence on production and activation of matrix metallproteinases(MMPs). Methods: The expression of CD147 on different human ovarian neoplasm cell lines was studied by western blotting. Co-culture was carried out to investigate the stimulative effect of the positive expression CD147 cell HO-8910 on the production of MMPs of fibroblast cell in vitro. Zymography and immune blotting were used to study the production and activity of positive MMPs, at the time, to explore the relation between CD147 and MMPs. Results: CD147 was positively presented in 2 ovarian neoplasm cell lines(HO-8910,3-AO), but in SKOV3, TC-1,NIN3T3 cell was negative. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by HO-8910 cell line, mouse fibroblast cell and co-culture cells; but the expression in co-culture cell is obviously higher than individual cultures of each type alone.CD147 stimulated MMPs in dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: CD147 causes increased production and activation of MMP-2, MMP-9.CD147 is probably a indirect marker of some ovarian cancer cells with invasion and metastasis.

TGF-β-regulated different iron metabolism processes in the development and cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer

The impact of different iron metabolism processes(DIMP)on ovarian cancer remains unclear.In this study,we employed various gene chips and databases to investigate the role of DIMP in the initiation and development of ovarian cancer.cBioPortal was used to determine mutations in DIMP-associated genes in ovarian cancer.Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to examine the influence of DIMP on the prognosis of ovarian cancer.By analyzing 1669 serous ovarian cancer cases,we identified a range of mutations in iron metabolism genes,notably in those coding for the transferrin receptor(19%),melanotransferrin(19%),and ceruloplasmin(10%)in the iron import process,and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase(9%),hepcidin antimicrobial peptide(9%),metal regulatory transcription factor 1(8%),and bone morphogenetic protein 6(8%)in the iron regulation process.Compared to the unaltered group,the group with gene alterations exhibited a higher tumor mutation burden count(43 vs.54)and more advanced histologic grade(78.19%vs.87.90%).Compared to the normal ovarian counterparts,a reduction in expression was observed in 9 out of the 14 genes involved in iron utilization and 4 out of the 5 genes involved in iron export in ovarian cancer;in contrast,an increase in expression was observed in 2 out of the 3 genes involved in iron storage in ovarian cancer.Furthermore,in cisplatin-resistant cells compared to cisplatin-sensitive ones,the expression of all genes in iron storage and 13 out of 14 genes in iron import was decreased,while that of 8 out of the 10 genes in iron utilization was increased.In addition,survival curve analysis indicated that a higher expression in the majority of genes in the iron import process(12/21),or a reduced expression in most genes in the iron export process(4/5)correlated with poor progression-free survival.Additionally,TGF-βcould regulate the expression of most iron metabolism-associated genes;particularly,expression of genes involved in the iron storage process(2/2)was inhibited after TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 treatment.In conclusion,DIMP plays multifaceted roles in the initiation,chemo-resistance,and prognosis of ovarian cancer.Therapeutically targeting DIMP may pave the way for more tailored treatment approaches for ovarian cancer.

Immune pathway through endometriosis to ovarian cancer

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease,defined by the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity.This disease is one of the main gynecological diseases,affecting around 10%-15%women and girls of reproductive age,being a common gynecologic disorder.Although endometriosis is a benign disease,it shares several characteristics with invasive cancer.Studies support that it has been linked with an increased chance of developing endometrial ovarian cancer,representing an earlier stage of neoplastic processes.This is particularly true for women with clear cell carcinoma,low-grade serous carcinoma and endometrioid.However,the carcinogenic pathways between both pathologies remain poorly understood.Current studies suggest a connection between endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers(EAOCs)via pathways associated with oxidative stress,inflammation,and hyperestrogenism.This article aims to review current data on the molecular events linked to the development of EAOCs from endometriosis,specifically focusing on the complex relationship between the immune response to endometriosis and cancer,including the molecular mechanisms and their ramifications.Examining recent developments in immunotherapy and their potential to boost the effectiveness of future treatments.

The Relationship between Methylation and Expression Defect of Tumor Suppressor Gene p16INK4A in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Objective： To evaluate the expression of p16INK4A gene in ovarian cancer and analyze the relation between this alteration and the promoter methylation of p16INK4A DNA. Methods： Seven ovarian cancer cell lines and eighteen ovarian cancer specimens were selected for the study. Genomic DNA and RNA were extracted from fresh tissues and cell lines, DNA was treated with sodium bisulfite and then analyzed with methylation-specific PCR （MSP） to detect p16INK4A methylation. The expression of p16INK4A mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. In addition, the proliferation of methylated cell lines before and after treatment of demethylating agent 5-Aza-2＇-deoxycytidine （5-ADC） was examined with 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay in vivo. Results： Compared with the control, the expression of p16INK4A mRNA decreased significantly or absolutely defaulted in 10 of 18 （55.56%） ovarian cancer specimens and 71.4% （5/7） ovarian cancer cell lines （P〈0.05）, and the expression of p16INK4A protein also decreased （P〈0.05）. The decrease of p16INK4A was due, in part, to p16INK4A methylation, which was found in the first exon of three cell lines and six ovarian cancer specimens and the rate was 42.86% and 33.33% in ovarian cancer cell lines and specimens respectively. All the methylated cells and tissues showed expression defect of p16INK4A, but the treatment of 5-ADC reactivated the expression of p16INK4A in methylated cells and decreased the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion： The expression defect of p16INK4A gene possibly has an important role in the development of ovarian cancer, and this alteration is due, in part, to the methylation of the first exon in p16INK4A.

Effect of WFDC 2 silencing on the proliferation,motility and invasion of human serous ovarian cancer cells in vitro

Objective:To investigate effect and possible mechanisms of silencing human WFDC2（HE4） gene on biological behavior changes as cell proliferation,apoplosis,movement and invasion of human serous ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3.Methods:Lentiviral WFDC2 gene sequence of small interfering siRNA was stablely transfected into SKOV3 identified by Q-PCR and western-blot. Obtained SKOV3 stable strains with silenced HE4 were measured by proliferation,apoplosis, migration,and invasion.Results:Gene sequencing showed that the oligonucleotides were successfully inserted into the expected site.After silencing HE4 in the SKOV3,proliferation was significandy inhibited（P【0.05）.G0/G1 phase was arrested by the cell cycle（P【0.01） and capacity of the migration and invasion decreased significandy（P【0.01）.Slight early apoptosis ratio and no change of late apoplosis were found without change of Caspase-3 or Bcl-2 protein.Proteins involed in ERK pathway as phosphorylated protein as p-EGFR,p- ERK decreased and protease protein involved in tissue remoding as matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9,MMP-2 and cathepsin B decreased compared with control group.Conclusions:HE4 gene plays an important role in regulating proliferation,apoptosis,migration,invasion of serous ovarian cancer cells by ERK pathway and protease system.Its role in apoptosis needs to be further explored,and it may be a potential target for serous ovarian cancer.

Identification of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs in human ovarian cancer cells with different metastatic potentials

Objective： To identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs （lncRNAs） involved in the metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods： An in vitro invasion assay was performed to validate the invasive capability of SKOV3 and SKOV3.ip1 cell lines. Total R.NA was then extracted, and microarray analysis was performed. Moreover, nine lncRNAs were selected for validation using RT-qPCR. Results： Compared with the SKOV3 cells, the SKOV3.ip1 cells significantly improved in the in vitro invasive activity. Of the 4,956 lncRNAs detected in the microarra~ 583 and 578 lncRNAs were upregulated and downregulated, respectivel~ in SKOV3.ip1 cells, compared with the parental SKOV3 cells. Seven of the analyzed lncRNAs （MALAT1, H19, UCA1, CCAT1, LOC645249, LOC100128881, and LOC100292680） confirmed the deregulation found by microarray analysis. Conclusion： LncRNAs clusters were differentially expressed in ovarian cancer cells with varying metastatic potentials. This result indicates that some lncRNAs might exert a partial or key role in epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis. Further studies should be conducted to determine the roles of these lncRNAs in ovarian cancer metastasis.

Multimodality imaging of ovarian cystic lesions: Review with an imaging based algorithmic approach

Ovarian cystic masses include a spectrum of benign, borderline and high grade malignant neoplasms. Imaging plays a crucial role in characterization and pretreatment planning of incidentally detected or suspected adnexal masses, as diagnosis of ovarian malignancy at an early stage is correlated with a better prognosis. Knowledge of differential diagnosis, imaging features, management trends and an algorithmic approach of such lesions is important for optimal clinical management. This article illustrates a multi-modality approach in the diagnosis of a spectrum of ovarian cystic masses and also proposes an algorithmic approach for the diagnosis of these lesions.

EFFECTS OF MUTATION AND EXPRESSION OF PTEN GENEmRNA ON TUMORIGENESIS AND PROGRESSION OFEPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER

Objective To investigate the mutation and expression of tumor suppressor gene-PTEN mRNA and explore their roles in tumorigenesis and progression of ovarian cancer. Methods Mutated exon 5 of PTEN gene was examined in normal ovary(n = 5), ovarian cyst (n =5), ovarian borderline tumor (n = 9), epithelial ovarian cancer(n = 60), and ovarian cancer cell line (n = 1)by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). mRNA expression of PTEN gene was evaluated in corresponding tissues and cell line by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The mutation and mRNA expression of PTEN gene were compared with clini-copathological features of ovarian cancer. Results Mutated exon 5 of PTEN gene was detected only in 5(7.1%)cases of epithelial ovarian cancer. mRNA expression level of PTEN gene in ovarian borderline tumor or ovarian cancer was lower than that in normal ovary or ovarian cyst(P < 0.05). The level of PTEN gene mRNA expression was negatively correlated with clinicopathological staging of ovarian cancer, whereas positively correlated with histological differentiation (P < 0.05). mRNA expression level of PTEN gene in ovarian endometrioid cancer was significantly lower than that in ovarian serous or mucinous cancer (P < 0.05=. Conclusions Mutation of PTEN gene occurs in ovarian cancer. Down-regulated expression of PTEN is probably an important molecular event in tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer. Abnormal expression of PTEN gene is involved in progression of ovarian cancer. Reduced expression of PTEN gene is closely associated with tumorigenesis and pathobiological behaviors of ovarian endometrioid cancer.

Advances in circulating microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers for ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal malignant gynecological tumors. More than 70% of patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed at advanced stage. The 5-year survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer is less than 30% because of the lack of effective biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment. MicroRNA （miR） is a class of small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression primarily through post-transcriptional repression. Many studies on tissue miR in ovarian cancer have been carried out and show great potential in clinical practice. However, tissue samples are not easily available because sampling causes injur）n Researchers have started to focus on plasma/serum miR, assuming that blood samples may replace tissue samples in miR research in the future. Plasma/serum miR research is still in its early stages. Studies on its function in the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer have achieved some progress, but plasma/serum miR profiling for prognosis and personalized treatment of ovarian cancer remains unknown. A thorough understanding of the function of plasma/serum miR in ovarian cancer will facilitate early diagnosis and improve treatment for ovarian cancer.

Relationship between the Expression of Connexin43 and Bystander Effect of Suicide Gene Therapy in Ovarian Cancer

The relationship of connexin43 (Cx43) and bystander effect in ovarian tumor cells in herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) gene therapy in vitro was explored and the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on the expression of Cx43 and bystander effect investigated. The Cx43 expression was detected by flowcytometry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence in two ovarian tumor cell lines OVCAR3, CaOV3 before and after RA treatment. Bystander effect was determined by the cells growth inhibitory rate with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium. Following exposure to ganciclovir, there was much greater bystander killing in OVCAR3 than that in CaOV3 (P<0.05). The expression of Cx43 was detected in OVCAR3 by flowcytometry and Western blot, but it could not be detected in CaOV3. The expression of Cx43 in both cell lines could be induced by RA. Immunofluoresence staining showed that Cx43 protein of OVCAR3 was located on membrane surface, whereas CaOV3 in cytoplasm. RA could not change the location of Cx43 protein in both cell lines. There is relationship between Cx43 expression and HSV-TK/GCV bystander effect. HSV-TK/GCV bystander effect can be enhanced by RA in ovarian cancer.

Mechanism of drug resistance and reversal with ligustra-zine and cyclosporin A in cisplatin--inducedhuman epithelial ovarian cancer resistant cell line 3Ao/cDDP

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of resistance and reversal effect of ligustrazine and cyclosporin A in cisplatin--induced multidrug resistance ovarian cancer cell line 3Ao/cDDP. Methods: Using the corresponding dose calculated from clinical chemotherapy at 30 mg cisplatin per cycle, we established 3Ao/cDDP with 3Ao exposed at regular intervals and repeatedly to high-level concentration of cisplatin at 10 mg/ml for 24 hours each time. Expressions of LRP, MRP, P-gp, GSTp and TopoII were quantitatively detected with FCM. For drug resistance reversal, cyclosporin A and ligustrazine were administered singly or in combination at the maximal dose without cytotoxicity. Inhibition rates were determined by MTT assay. Results: 3Ao/cDDP was established after 4.5 months, with resistance factor 1.6 which was similar to clinical resistance degree. Low expression levels of MRP and P-gp were found in both 3Ao and 3Ao/cDDP (P>0.05), and LRP and GSTp expression levels in 3Ao/cDDP were significantly higher than those in 3Ao (P<0.005 and P<0.05, respectively), and TopoII in 3Ao/cDDP was significantly lower vs 3Ao (P<0.05). The inhibition rate of cDDP was 20.807±0.015%, cDDP plus ligustrazine 27.421±0.07% (P>0.05 vs cDDP), cDDP plus cyclosporin A 49.635±0.021% (P<0.01 vs cDDP), and cDDP plus ligustrazine and cyclosporin A 58.861±0.014% (P<0.01 vs cDDP). Conclusions: 3Ao/cDDP, induced by cisplatin and established by imitating the characteristics of clinical chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer, was an ideal model for investigation of cisplatin resistance in vitro. Cisplatin resistance in 3Ao/cDDP could be accounted for by higher LRP, GSTp and lower TopoII expression and was not associated with MRP or P-gp. Ligustrazine had no significant reversal effect on cisplatin resistance, but cyclosporin A could reverse the resistance effectively.

Cloning of WWOX Gene and Its Growth-inhibiting Effects on Ovarian Cancer Cells

The growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing effects of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase(WWOX) gene on ovarian cancer cell line A2780 were investigated.The full length cDNA of human WWOX gene was amplified from normal human ovary tissues.The correct cDNA of full length WWOX was subcloned into eukaryocytic expression vector pCMV.After introduction of WWOX gene into cancer cells with liposome,the WWOX mRNA and protein level in the cancer cells were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunoblotting.The growth activities of cancer cells were detected by Trypan blue staining.The clone formation assay in soft agar was employed to observe the proliferation of the cancer cells.Apoptosis was examined by DNA ladder and acridine orange-ethidium bromide fluorescent staining.The results showed that 72 h after WWOX gene transfection,the WWOX expression was increased significantly(P<0.01).The growth of ovarian cancer cells was decreased by 16.41% to 38.49%(P<0.01).The clone formation abilities were reduced(P<0.01).Some cancer cells presented the characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis with obvious ladder bands on electrophoresis.The apoptosis rate was(20.7±6.0)%(P<0.01).It was concluded that over-expression of WWOX gene could induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer cells,which might be potentially useful in the gene therapy of ovarian cancers.

LOSS OF HETEROZYGOSITY ON CHROMOSOME 17p13.3 IN OVARIAN CANCER AND CERVICAL CANCER

Objective: To identify the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 17p13 3 in ovarian cancer and cervical cancer Methods: The frequency of LOH on chromosome 17p13 3 in DNA samples from 24 ovarian cancers, 9 cervical cancers, and 13 non malignant gynecological diseases were determined respectively, using Southern blot method with probe PYNZ 22 Results: LOH on 17p13 3 was found in 12 of 24 (50 0%) ovarian cancers (including a borderline mucinous cystadenoma), 4 of 9 (44 4%) cervical carcinomas, and 1 of 13 (7 7%) non malignant gynecological diseases, which was cervical intraepithelial neoplasm III (CIN III) ( P< 0 01) Conclusion: These results show that LOH on 17p13 3 is associated with ovarian cancer and cervical cancer, suggesting that detection of LOH on 17p13 3 may be helpful to understand the molecular pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and cervical cancer