The reversing effect of wild-type PTEN gene on resistance of C 13K cells to cisplatin and its inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of protein kinase B （AKT） were studied. The expression of PTEN mRNA and protein ...The reversing effect of wild-type PTEN gene on resistance of C 13K cells to cisplatin and its inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of protein kinase B （AKT） were studied. The expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in OV2008 cells and C13K cells were semi-quantitatively detected by using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid containing human wild-type PTEN gene was transfected into C13K cells by lipofectamine2000. The expression of PTEN mRNA was monitored by RT-PCR and the expression of PTEN, Akt, p-Akt protein were ana- lyzed by Western blotting in PTEN-transfected and non-transfected C13K cells. Proliferation and chemosensitivity of cells to DDP were measured by MTT, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry after treatment with cisplatin. The expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in OV2008 cells were significantly higher than those in C13K cells. After transfection with PTEN gene for 48 h, the expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in C 13K cells were 2.04 ± 0.10, 0.94± 0.04 respectively and the expression of p-Akt protein （ 0.94± 0.07） was lower than those in control groups （1.68 ±0.14, 1.66± 0.10） （P〈 0.05）. The IC50 of DDP to C 13 K cells transfected with PTEN （7.2± 0.3 la mol/L） was obviously lower than those of empty-vector transfected cells and non-transfected cells （12.7±0.4 lamol/1, 13.0±0.3 lamol/L） （P〈0.05）. The apopototis ratio of wild-type PTEN-transfected, empty vector transfected and non-transfected C13K cells were （41.65___0.87）%, （18.61 ±0.70）% and （15.28±0.80）% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. PTEN gene plays an important role in ovarian cancer multidrug resistance. Transfection of PTEN could increase the expression of PTEN and restore drug sensitivity to cisplatin in human ovarian cancer cell line C 13K with multidrug-resistance by decreasing the expression of p-Akt.展开更多
Objective Primary ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type(SCCOPT)is a rare ovarian tumor with a poor prognosis.The platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment.However,there is little research on the c...Objective Primary ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type(SCCOPT)is a rare ovarian tumor with a poor prognosis.The platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment.However,there is little research on the clinical characteristics of SCCOPT and the potential benefits of other treatments due to its low incidence.The study aims to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of SCCOPT.Methods We summarized the clinical,imaging,laboratorical and pathological characteristics of 37 SCCOPT cases,in which 6 cases were admitted to the Gansu Provincial Hospital from the year of 2008 to 2022 and 31 cases reported in 17 English and 3 Chinese literatures.Results The median age of the studied SCCOPT cases(n=37)was 56.00(range,22-80)years.Almost 80%of them had a stageⅢorⅣtumor.All patients underwent an operation and postoperative chemotherapy.Nevertheless,all cases had a poor prognosis,with a median overall survival time of 12 months.Immunohistochemical y,the SCCOPT of all patients showed positive expressions of epithelial markers,such as CD56 and sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high-mobility-group box 2(SOX-2),and negative expressions of estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,vimentin,Leu-7,and somatostatin receptor 2.The tumor of above 80%cases expressed synaptophysin.Only a few cases expressed neuron-specific enolase,chromogranin A,and thyroid transcription factor-1.Conclusions SCCOPT had a poor prognosis.SOX-2 could be a biomarker to be used to diagnose SCCOPT.展开更多
This study investigated the abnormal expression of ATP synthase β-subunit（ATPsyn-β） in pancreas islets of rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）,and the secretion func...This study investigated the abnormal expression of ATP synthase β-subunit（ATPsyn-β） in pancreas islets of rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）,and the secretion function changes after up-regulation of ATP5 b.Sixty female SD rats were divided into three groups randomly and equally.The rat model of PCOS with T2 DM was established by free access to the high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet,subcutaneous injections of DHEA,and a single injection of streptozotocin.The pancreas was removed for the detection of the ATPsyn-β expression by immunohistochemical staining,Western blotting and reverse transcription-PCR（RT-PCR）.The pancreas islets of the rats were cultured,isolated with collagenase Ⅴ and purified by gradient centrifugation,and the insulin secretion after treatment with different glucose concentrations was tested.Lentivirus ATP5 b was successfully constructed with the vector of GV208 and transfected into the pancreas islets for the over-expression of ATPsyn-β.The insulin secretion and intracellular ATP content were determined after transfection of the PCOS-T2 DM pancreas islets with Lenti-ATP5 b.The results showed that the expression of ATPsyn-β protein and m RNA was significantly decreased in the pancreas of PCOS-T2 DM rats.The ATP content in the pancreas islets was greatly increased and the insulin secretion was improved after the up-regulation of ATPsyn-β in the pancreas islets transfected with lenti-ATP5 b.These results indicated that for PCOS,the ATPsyn-β might be one of the key factors for the attack of T2 DM.展开更多
Ovarian cancer is the second most common gyneco-logical cancer and the leading cause of death in the United States. In this article we review the diagnosis and current management of epithelial ovarian cancer which acc...Ovarian cancer is the second most common gyneco-logical cancer and the leading cause of death in the United States. In this article we review the diagnosis and current management of epithelial ovarian cancer which accounts for over 95 percent of the ovarian malignancies. We will present various theories about the potential origin of ovarian malignancies. We will discuss the genetic anomalies and syndromes that may cause ovarian cancers with emphasis on Breast cancer type 1/2 mutations. The pathology and pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma will also be presented. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive overview of treatment strategies and staging of ovarian cancer, conclusions and future directions.展开更多
Background: Ovarian cancer is the third commonest cause of cancer death from gynaecologic tumors in Kenya. Early disease causes minimal, nonspecific, or no symptoms therefore, most patients are diagnosed when the dise...Background: Ovarian cancer is the third commonest cause of cancer death from gynaecologic tumors in Kenya. Early disease causes minimal, nonspecific, or no symptoms therefore, most patients are diagnosed when the disease is at an advanced stage. Overall, prognosis for these patients remains poor but has not been described in Kenya. Objectives: To describe the histological types, therapeutic methods used, therapeutic outcome and the survival rate at 2 years. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study undertaking a 10-year review of case records of patients treated for cancer of the ovary between 1998 and 2008 in Kenyatta National Hospital. Results: Majority of the patients (73.3%) presented with advanced stage of disease (stages III & IV). Epithelial tumors (86.2%) are the commonest histological type, with 45.7% of them being serous type. Chemotherapy was the most (46.0%) used therapeutic option, with vomiting and diarrhea being the leading morbidity associated with it. Survival at 2 yrs from diagnosis was 50% as per the Kaplan-Meier time survival estimate. Conclusion: There is need to improve the quality of data on cancer care and information systems in general to provide a reliable source of information to guide research and policy in oncology. Further, the late presentation to hospital calls for innovative strategies to improve ovarian cancer awareness and uptake of screening tests. There is need to lobby Governments in resource limited setting to subsidize cancer of the ovary care and invest in lower level health facilities to promote early diagnosis and decongest the referral hospital.展开更多
Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase （MT1-MMP/MMP-14） plays crucial roles in tumor cell growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. To clarify whether the endogenously expressed MT1-MMP in metastatic human ovarian carci...Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase （MT1-MMP/MMP-14） plays crucial roles in tumor cell growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. To clarify whether the endogenously expressed MT1-MMP in metastatic human ovarian carcinoma cell lines SKOV3 plays a critical role in tumor cell invasiveness, antisense MT1-MMP cloned in eukaryotic expression vector pMMP14as was transferred into SKOV3 cells. 48h after transfection, decreased expression of endogenous MT1- MMP protein was detected in pMMP14as-transfected SKOV3 cells and the activation of pro-MMP2 was inhibited markedly. The mean percentage of invasive cells was （62. 50 ± 5. 30） % in pMMP14as-transfected cells, which was obviously less than that （97.20±6.90） % in the control. Thus, antisense MT1-MMP effectively inhibited the endogenous MT1-MMP expression and the invasiveness in SKOV3 cells, suggesting that MT1-MMP may be a therapeutic target molecule for human invaslve ovarian cancers.展开更多
Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of testosterone-producing ovarian tumors.Methods:Twenty-five patients with testosterone-producing ovarian tumors diagnosed pathologically were treated in Peking Union Me...Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of testosterone-producing ovarian tumors.Methods:Twenty-five patients with testosterone-producing ovarian tumors diagnosed pathologically were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Jan 1986 to Oct 2006.Clinical documents of the 25cases were analyzed retrospectively.Results:(1)The median age of patients was 27 years.Menstrual irregularity was seen in 96% of patients and virilization was seen in 100%.(2)Endocrinological tests:Total testosterone,LH,FSH,LH/FSH,E2 in serum before and after operation were 16.9±6.8/1.0±1.6 nmol/L(P=0.000),6.6±3.41/11.7±6.8 IU/L(P=0.025),4.9±2.6/9.2±7.8 IU/L(P=0.072),2.1±2.5/1.7±1.0(P=0.579),241±139/164±161 pmol/L(P=0.131),respectively.Initial investigation showed the level of E2 was in early follicle stage in 86% of patients,normal level of ACTH in 92%,increased level of17-αOHP and F in 50% and in 22% of patients,respectively.all patients have normal urinary free cortisol collected over a 24-hour period.Dexamethasone suppression tests and ACTH stimulating tests suggested non-adrenocorticotrophic homone dependency of the hyperandrogenic state.(3)Pathological features:of all tumors,60% were Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors in which 67% of them were poor differentiated,32%were lipid cell tumors in which all of them were well differentiated.All tumors were unilateral.The median size of tumors was 4.8cm.On cut surface most of them were solid and yellow.(4)Treatment and prognosis:twenty-two younger patients were performed conservative staging surgery.Patients with poor-differentiated tumors accepted chemotherapy and GnRH-a.After removal of ovarian tumors,symptoms of virilization were improved and five patients had healthy children.Conclusions:Testosterone-producing ovarian tumors are often seen in reproductive ages.They produce defeminization followed by virilization.The total level of testosterone in serum was increased markedly while decreased rapidly after removal of tumor.Owing to their relatively small size,the detection of such tumors may be difficult.Sertoli-Leydig cell and lipid cell tumors are the common pathological types.Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the treatment of choice in postmenopausal women.In yonger women,resection of the tumor or unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is preferable to preserve fertility.The prognosis of these tumors is satisfactory after treatment,but patients should be followed-up regularly.展开更多
AIM To identify reproductive disturbances among adolescent girls and young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1 DM) in Saudi Arabia.METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted among 102 female with T1 DM,(aged ...AIM To identify reproductive disturbances among adolescent girls and young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1 DM) in Saudi Arabia.METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted among 102 female with T1 DM,(aged 13-29 years) who attended the Diabetes Clinic at Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia between April 2015 to March 2016. Clinical history, anthropometric characteristics and reproductive disturbance were collected through a questionnaire.RESULTS Of 102 patients included in this analysis, 26.5%(27/102) were reported that they experienced an irregular menses. Of these patients, when compared to whose diabetes was diagnosed before menarche(35.4%, 17/48), patients diagnosed with diabetes after menarche(18.5%, 10/54) showed significantly less irregular menses(difference 16.9%, P = 0.04). Similarly, compared to patients diagnosed with diabetes prior to menarche(mean age 12.9 years; n = 48), patients diagnosed with diabetes after menarche(meanage 12.26 years; n = 54) were found to have 0.64 years delay in the age of menarche(P = 0.04). Among the studied patients, 15.7%(16/102) had polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). Of these PCOS patients, 37.5%(6/16) had irregular menses, 6.3%(1/16) had Celiac disease, 37.5%(6/16) had Hashimoto thyroiditis and 18.7%(3/16) had acne.CONCLUSION More than one fourth of the study population with T1 DM experiencing an irregular menses. Adolescent girls and young women diagnosed with diabetes prior to menarche showed higher menstrual irregularity and a delay in the age of menarche.展开更多
Objective: The article will review the associations between Prediabetes (PD) and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and present factors that decrease the progression of PD into type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Metformi...Objective: The article will review the associations between Prediabetes (PD) and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and present factors that decrease the progression of PD into type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Metformin will also be examined for its role in ovulation induction, pregnancy and ameliorating the metabolic syndrome. Study Design: Medline search. Methods of study: Keyword search: Prediabetes (PD), Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Metformin, Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Results: As the most common endocrinopathy during the reproductive years, PCOS has a genetic multifactorial inheritance and is associated with a high risk of insulin resistance. The use of metformin has shown mixed results in this patient population as a therapy to improve ovulation function and the metabolic syndrome and showed no definitive reduction in the rate of miscarriage. PCOS patients are significantly predisposed to PD and T2DM. Conclusion: Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and physical activity reduce the progression of PD into T2DM in PCOS patients. The new AACE and ADA guidelines establish simplified methods of screening and treating PD. The role of metformin remains undefined in the infertile PCOS patient.展开更多
基金a grant from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 30571950)National Key Basic Research Program Foundation (N0.2002CB513107).
文摘The reversing effect of wild-type PTEN gene on resistance of C 13K cells to cisplatin and its inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of protein kinase B （AKT） were studied. The expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in OV2008 cells and C13K cells were semi-quantitatively detected by using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid containing human wild-type PTEN gene was transfected into C13K cells by lipofectamine2000. The expression of PTEN mRNA was monitored by RT-PCR and the expression of PTEN, Akt, p-Akt protein were ana- lyzed by Western blotting in PTEN-transfected and non-transfected C13K cells. Proliferation and chemosensitivity of cells to DDP were measured by MTT, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry after treatment with cisplatin. The expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in OV2008 cells were significantly higher than those in C13K cells. After transfection with PTEN gene for 48 h, the expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in C 13K cells were 2.04 ± 0.10, 0.94± 0.04 respectively and the expression of p-Akt protein （ 0.94± 0.07） was lower than those in control groups （1.68 ±0.14, 1.66± 0.10） （P〈 0.05）. The IC50 of DDP to C 13 K cells transfected with PTEN （7.2± 0.3 la mol/L） was obviously lower than those of empty-vector transfected cells and non-transfected cells （12.7±0.4 lamol/1, 13.0±0.3 lamol/L） （P〈0.05）. The apopototis ratio of wild-type PTEN-transfected, empty vector transfected and non-transfected C13K cells were （41.65___0.87）%, （18.61 ±0.70）% and （15.28±0.80）% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. PTEN gene plays an important role in ovarian cancer multidrug resistance. Transfection of PTEN could increase the expression of PTEN and restore drug sensitivity to cisplatin in human ovarian cancer cell line C 13K with multidrug-resistance by decreasing the expression of p-Akt.
文摘Objective Primary ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type(SCCOPT)is a rare ovarian tumor with a poor prognosis.The platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment.However,there is little research on the clinical characteristics of SCCOPT and the potential benefits of other treatments due to its low incidence.The study aims to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of SCCOPT.Methods We summarized the clinical,imaging,laboratorical and pathological characteristics of 37 SCCOPT cases,in which 6 cases were admitted to the Gansu Provincial Hospital from the year of 2008 to 2022 and 31 cases reported in 17 English and 3 Chinese literatures.Results The median age of the studied SCCOPT cases(n=37)was 56.00(range,22-80)years.Almost 80%of them had a stageⅢorⅣtumor.All patients underwent an operation and postoperative chemotherapy.Nevertheless,all cases had a poor prognosis,with a median overall survival time of 12 months.Immunohistochemical y,the SCCOPT of all patients showed positive expressions of epithelial markers,such as CD56 and sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high-mobility-group box 2(SOX-2),and negative expressions of estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,vimentin,Leu-7,and somatostatin receptor 2.The tumor of above 80%cases expressed synaptophysin.Only a few cases expressed neuron-specific enolase,chromogranin A,and thyroid transcription factor-1.Conclusions SCCOPT had a poor prognosis.SOX-2 could be a biomarker to be used to diagnose SCCOPT.
文摘This study investigated the abnormal expression of ATP synthase β-subunit（ATPsyn-β） in pancreas islets of rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）,and the secretion function changes after up-regulation of ATP5 b.Sixty female SD rats were divided into three groups randomly and equally.The rat model of PCOS with T2 DM was established by free access to the high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet,subcutaneous injections of DHEA,and a single injection of streptozotocin.The pancreas was removed for the detection of the ATPsyn-β expression by immunohistochemical staining,Western blotting and reverse transcription-PCR（RT-PCR）.The pancreas islets of the rats were cultured,isolated with collagenase Ⅴ and purified by gradient centrifugation,and the insulin secretion after treatment with different glucose concentrations was tested.Lentivirus ATP5 b was successfully constructed with the vector of GV208 and transfected into the pancreas islets for the over-expression of ATPsyn-β.The insulin secretion and intracellular ATP content were determined after transfection of the PCOS-T2 DM pancreas islets with Lenti-ATP5 b.The results showed that the expression of ATPsyn-β protein and m RNA was significantly decreased in the pancreas of PCOS-T2 DM rats.The ATP content in the pancreas islets was greatly increased and the insulin secretion was improved after the up-regulation of ATPsyn-β in the pancreas islets transfected with lenti-ATP5 b.These results indicated that for PCOS,the ATPsyn-β might be one of the key factors for the attack of T2 DM.
基金Supported by In part by Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Cancer Scholar award,NIH-NCRR-RCMI,No.G-12-RR003034,No.U54 RR02613,and No.5P20RR11104NIHMD research endowment,No.2S21MD000101,and No.U54CA118638ING foundation grant to Rao VN
文摘Ovarian cancer is the second most common gyneco-logical cancer and the leading cause of death in the United States. In this article we review the diagnosis and current management of epithelial ovarian cancer which accounts for over 95 percent of the ovarian malignancies. We will present various theories about the potential origin of ovarian malignancies. We will discuss the genetic anomalies and syndromes that may cause ovarian cancers with emphasis on Breast cancer type 1/2 mutations. The pathology and pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma will also be presented. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive overview of treatment strategies and staging of ovarian cancer, conclusions and future directions.
文摘Background: Ovarian cancer is the third commonest cause of cancer death from gynaecologic tumors in Kenya. Early disease causes minimal, nonspecific, or no symptoms therefore, most patients are diagnosed when the disease is at an advanced stage. Overall, prognosis for these patients remains poor but has not been described in Kenya. Objectives: To describe the histological types, therapeutic methods used, therapeutic outcome and the survival rate at 2 years. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study undertaking a 10-year review of case records of patients treated for cancer of the ovary between 1998 and 2008 in Kenyatta National Hospital. Results: Majority of the patients (73.3%) presented with advanced stage of disease (stages III & IV). Epithelial tumors (86.2%) are the commonest histological type, with 45.7% of them being serous type. Chemotherapy was the most (46.0%) used therapeutic option, with vomiting and diarrhea being the leading morbidity associated with it. Survival at 2 yrs from diagnosis was 50% as per the Kaplan-Meier time survival estimate. Conclusion: There is need to improve the quality of data on cancer care and information systems in general to provide a reliable source of information to guide research and policy in oncology. Further, the late presentation to hospital calls for innovative strategies to improve ovarian cancer awareness and uptake of screening tests. There is need to lobby Governments in resource limited setting to subsidize cancer of the ovary care and invest in lower level health facilities to promote early diagnosis and decongest the referral hospital.
文摘Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase （MT1-MMP/MMP-14） plays crucial roles in tumor cell growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. To clarify whether the endogenously expressed MT1-MMP in metastatic human ovarian carcinoma cell lines SKOV3 plays a critical role in tumor cell invasiveness, antisense MT1-MMP cloned in eukaryotic expression vector pMMP14as was transferred into SKOV3 cells. 48h after transfection, decreased expression of endogenous MT1- MMP protein was detected in pMMP14as-transfected SKOV3 cells and the activation of pro-MMP2 was inhibited markedly. The mean percentage of invasive cells was （62. 50 ± 5. 30） % in pMMP14as-transfected cells, which was obviously less than that （97.20±6.90） % in the control. Thus, antisense MT1-MMP effectively inhibited the endogenous MT1-MMP expression and the invasiveness in SKOV3 cells, suggesting that MT1-MMP may be a therapeutic target molecule for human invaslve ovarian cancers.
文摘Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of testosterone-producing ovarian tumors.Methods:Twenty-five patients with testosterone-producing ovarian tumors diagnosed pathologically were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Jan 1986 to Oct 2006.Clinical documents of the 25cases were analyzed retrospectively.Results:(1)The median age of patients was 27 years.Menstrual irregularity was seen in 96% of patients and virilization was seen in 100%.(2)Endocrinological tests:Total testosterone,LH,FSH,LH/FSH,E2 in serum before and after operation were 16.9±6.8/1.0±1.6 nmol/L(P=0.000),6.6±3.41/11.7±6.8 IU/L(P=0.025),4.9±2.6/9.2±7.8 IU/L(P=0.072),2.1±2.5/1.7±1.0(P=0.579),241±139/164±161 pmol/L(P=0.131),respectively.Initial investigation showed the level of E2 was in early follicle stage in 86% of patients,normal level of ACTH in 92%,increased level of17-αOHP and F in 50% and in 22% of patients,respectively.all patients have normal urinary free cortisol collected over a 24-hour period.Dexamethasone suppression tests and ACTH stimulating tests suggested non-adrenocorticotrophic homone dependency of the hyperandrogenic state.(3)Pathological features:of all tumors,60% were Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors in which 67% of them were poor differentiated,32%were lipid cell tumors in which all of them were well differentiated.All tumors were unilateral.The median size of tumors was 4.8cm.On cut surface most of them were solid and yellow.(4)Treatment and prognosis:twenty-two younger patients were performed conservative staging surgery.Patients with poor-differentiated tumors accepted chemotherapy and GnRH-a.After removal of ovarian tumors,symptoms of virilization were improved and five patients had healthy children.Conclusions:Testosterone-producing ovarian tumors are often seen in reproductive ages.They produce defeminization followed by virilization.The total level of testosterone in serum was increased markedly while decreased rapidly after removal of tumor.Owing to their relatively small size,the detection of such tumors may be difficult.Sertoli-Leydig cell and lipid cell tumors are the common pathological types.Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the treatment of choice in postmenopausal women.In yonger women,resection of the tumor or unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is preferable to preserve fertility.The prognosis of these tumors is satisfactory after treatment,but patients should be followed-up regularly.
文摘AIM To identify reproductive disturbances among adolescent girls and young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1 DM) in Saudi Arabia.METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted among 102 female with T1 DM,(aged 13-29 years) who attended the Diabetes Clinic at Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia between April 2015 to March 2016. Clinical history, anthropometric characteristics and reproductive disturbance were collected through a questionnaire.RESULTS Of 102 patients included in this analysis, 26.5%(27/102) were reported that they experienced an irregular menses. Of these patients, when compared to whose diabetes was diagnosed before menarche(35.4%, 17/48), patients diagnosed with diabetes after menarche(18.5%, 10/54) showed significantly less irregular menses(difference 16.9%, P = 0.04). Similarly, compared to patients diagnosed with diabetes prior to menarche(mean age 12.9 years; n = 48), patients diagnosed with diabetes after menarche(meanage 12.26 years; n = 54) were found to have 0.64 years delay in the age of menarche(P = 0.04). Among the studied patients, 15.7%(16/102) had polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). Of these PCOS patients, 37.5%(6/16) had irregular menses, 6.3%(1/16) had Celiac disease, 37.5%(6/16) had Hashimoto thyroiditis and 18.7%(3/16) had acne.CONCLUSION More than one fourth of the study population with T1 DM experiencing an irregular menses. Adolescent girls and young women diagnosed with diabetes prior to menarche showed higher menstrual irregularity and a delay in the age of menarche.
文摘Objective: The article will review the associations between Prediabetes (PD) and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and present factors that decrease the progression of PD into type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Metformin will also be examined for its role in ovulation induction, pregnancy and ameliorating the metabolic syndrome. Study Design: Medline search. Methods of study: Keyword search: Prediabetes (PD), Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Metformin, Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Results: As the most common endocrinopathy during the reproductive years, PCOS has a genetic multifactorial inheritance and is associated with a high risk of insulin resistance. The use of metformin has shown mixed results in this patient population as a therapy to improve ovulation function and the metabolic syndrome and showed no definitive reduction in the rate of miscarriage. PCOS patients are significantly predisposed to PD and T2DM. Conclusion: Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and physical activity reduce the progression of PD into T2DM in PCOS patients. The new AACE and ADA guidelines establish simplified methods of screening and treating PD. The role of metformin remains undefined in the infertile PCOS patient.
