BACKGROUND A decreased autophagic capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells(BMSCs)has been suggested to be an important cause of decreased osteogenic differentiation.A pharmacological increase in autophagy of ...BACKGROUND A decreased autophagic capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells(BMSCs)has been suggested to be an important cause of decreased osteogenic differentiation.A pharmacological increase in autophagy of BMSCs is a potential therapeutic option to increase osteoblast viability and ameliorate osteoporosis.AIM To explore the effects of sinomenine(SIN)on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS For in vitro experiments,BMSCs were extracted from sham-treated mice and ovariectomized mice,and the levels of autophagy markers and osteogenic differentiation were examined after treatment with the appropriate concen-trations of SIN and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine.In vivo,the therapeutic effect of SIN was verified by establishing an ovariectomy-induced mouse model and by morphological and histological assays of the mouse femur.RESULTS SIN reduced the levels of AKT and mammalian target of the rapamycin(mTOR)phosphorylation in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,inhibited mTOR activity,and increased autophagy ability of BMSCs,thereby promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and effectively alleviating bone loss in ovariectomized mice in vivo.CONCLUSION The Chinese medicine SIN has potential for the treatment of various types of osteoporosis,bone homeostasis disorders,and autophagy-related diseases.展开更多
Ovotransferrin,an iron-binding glycoprotein,accounting for approximately 12%of egg white protein,is a member of transferrin fam ily.Our previous studies showed that ovotransferrin stimulates the proliferation and diff...Ovotransferrin,an iron-binding glycoprotein,accounting for approximately 12%of egg white protein,is a member of transferrin fam ily.Our previous studies showed that ovotransferrin stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts,while inhibits osteoclastogenesis and resorption activity.The work aims to study the efficacy of orally administered ovotransferrin on the prevention of osteoporosis using ovariectomized(OVX)Sprague-Dawley rats.Oral administration of ovotransferrin showed no negative effect on body weight,food intake and organ weight.After 12-week treatment,feeding ovotransferrin at a dose of 1%(1 g ovotransferrin/100 g diet)prevented OVX-induced bone loss and maintained relatively high bone mineral density and integrated bone microarchitecture.The serum concentration of biomarkers indicating bone formation was increased in ovotransferrin administration groups,while the bone resorption biomarkers were decreased.Ovotransferrin feeding also decreased the production of serum cytokine TNF-αand IL-6,which are two stimulators for osteoclast differentiation.In addition to its direct regulatory role on bone turnover,ovotransferrin supplementation might benefit osteoporosis prevention by inhibiting adipogenesis,and regulating immune response.Our results suggested the potential application of ovotransferrin as a functional food ingredient on the prevention of osteoporosis.展开更多
Objective To study whether effect of aspirin plus low-dose diethylstilbestrol is more effective and safer than high diethylstilbestrol dose alone on prevention of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia and dyslipidemia. Metho...Objective To study whether effect of aspirin plus low-dose diethylstilbestrol is more effective and safer than high diethylstilbestrol dose alone on prevention of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia and dyslipidemia. Methods Thirty-eight 4-month-old female SD rats were divided into baseline （BAS） group （n=6）, sham operation group （n=8） and ovariectomy （OVX） group （n=24）. The OVX group was further divided into vehicle treatment group （n=8）, diethylstilbestrol （30 ug/kg.d） treatment group （OVX＋D30 group, n=8）, and aspirin （9 mg/kg.d） plus diethylstilbestrol （10 ug/kg.d） treatment group （OVX＋A-D10 group, n=8）. Their left tibiae were collected for the bone histomorphometric analysis in undecalcified sections. Left femurs were collected for the bone mineral density measurement. Results The body weight and serum cholesterol were increased, while uterine weight and cancellous bone mass were decreased in OVX rats compared with the SHAM group. Cancellous bone mass was significantly increased, while body weight and bone resorption parameters were decreased in both A-D10 and D30 treatment group compared with OVX group. The rats treated with A-D10 showed significantly increased in bone formation parameters and decreased in serum triglyceride compared with the D30-treated rats. Conclusion Aspirin plus low-dose diethylstilbestrol can effectively prevent osteopenia by reducing bone resorption, and is thus a better treatment modality for preventing dyslipidemia than high-dose diethylstilbestrol alone.展开更多
This study was aimed to examine the effect of ovariectomy on visceral fat, serum adi- ponectin levels and lipid profile. Forty-five female Sprague DawIey rats were divided into three groups （n=15 each）： ovariectomi...This study was aimed to examine the effect of ovariectomy on visceral fat, serum adi- ponectin levels and lipid profile. Forty-five female Sprague DawIey rats were divided into three groups （n=15 each）： ovariectomized group （OVX）, ovariectomized plus estrogen-treated group （OVX＋E2）, and sham-operated group （SHAM）. Body weight, abdominal adipose tissues, serum adiponectin and lipid profile were measured and compared among the groups after three-month feeding post-surgery. Signifi- cant increases in body weight and visceral fat were found in ovariectomized rats when compared with sham-operated ones and significant increases were also observed in serum adiponectin, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in ovariectomized rats. Body weight, visceral fat and se- rum adiponectin levels were profoundly reduced in OVX＋E2 group as compared with OVX group. It was concluded that ovarian hormone deficiency induced by ovariectomy leads to significant increases in body weight and visceral fat, along with increased serum adiponectin, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in rats. Attenuation in these changes can be achieved by estrogen supple- mentation.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of isoflavone on body weight, fat mass, and gene expression in relation to lipid metabolism. Methods Thirty-six female SD rats were ovariectomized or sham-operated and fed on a hig...Objective To investigate the effects of isoflavone on body weight, fat mass, and gene expression in relation to lipid metabolism. Methods Thirty-six female SD rats were ovariectomized or sham-operated and fed on a high-fat diet. Two months later, abdominal incision was made, blood was collected to separate serum, and the liver and adipose tissue were immediately collected and weighed. Some portions of these tissues were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80℃. Results Ovariectomy （OVX） with a high-fat diet could induce obesity in rats, while treatment with isoflavone significantly inhibited the increase in body weight and fat mass in abdomen. Serum total cholesterol and leptin were significantly decreased in isoflavone group, compared with the OVX group. The mRNA expression of liver fatty acid synthase （FAS） in the OVX group was significantly higher than that in sham-operated group, while this difference was not observed in the isoflavone group. The mRNA expression of liver hormone-sensitive lipase （HSL） in the OVX rats tended to be lower than that in the sham-operated rats. Furthermore, a large amount of isoflavone maintained the mRNA expression at a sham level. Conclusion Isoflavone may prevent obesity induced by ovariectomy with a high-fat diet, in part by modulating gene expression related to lipid metabolism.展开更多
AIM: To study the effects of Radix Puerariae flavones (RPF) on liver lipid metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.METHODS: Forty adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: OVX group; sham-OVX gr...AIM: To study the effects of Radix Puerariae flavones (RPF) on liver lipid metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.METHODS: Forty adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: OVX group; sham-OVX group;OVX+estrogen group and OVX+RPF group. One week after operation rats of the first two groups were treated with physiological saline, rats of OVX+estrogen group with estrogen (1 mg/kg.b.w.) and rats of OVX+RPF group with RPF (100 mg/kg.b.w.), respectively for 5 weeks. After the rats were killed, their body weight, the weight of the abdominal fat and uterus were measured, and the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in liver homogenate were determined.RESULTS: Compared with the sham-OVX group, the body mass of the rats in OVX group was found ino-eased significantly;more abdominal fat in store; TC and TG in liver increased and uterine became further atrophy. As a result, the RPF was found to have an inhibitive action on those changes of various degrees.CONCLUSION: RPF has estrogen-like effect on lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue.展开更多
BACKGROUND：Leptin regulates neuroendocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis in humans. OBJECTIVE： To verify effects of intracerebroventricular leptin injection on neuroendocrine function of the hypo...BACKGROUND：Leptin regulates neuroendocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis in humans. OBJECTIVE： To verify effects of intracerebroventricular leptin injection on neuroendocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis in ovariectomized rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College between June and October 2007. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy, female, Wistar rats were included in this study. The following compounds were used： leptin; gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. METHODS： Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups at 1, 2, and 4 hours after injection. Each group was subdivided into control and experimental groups （n = 5 animals per group and time point）. All rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy and, beginning on day 7 after surgery, animals received daily subcutaneous injections of estradiol benzoate （2 μg） for 7 consecutive days. The experimental groups were injected with 5 μL leptin （1 g/L） into the lateral cerebral ventricle, and control groups received an equal volume of physiological saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： GnRH and LH secretion were examined 1, 2, and 4 hours after injection using GnRH and LH ELISA kits, respectively. RESULTS： In the experimental groups, GnRH secretion significantly increased （P 〈 0.01）, followed by LH secretion （P 〈 0.01）, compared with the control groups. GnRH secretion significantly increased 1 hour after leptin injection （P 〈 0.01）. The LH increase was less pronounced, but still significant （P 〈 0.01）; however, the most prominent LH increase occurred between 1 and 2 hours. Both GnRH and LH secretion reached peak levels at 2 hours after leptin injection. Thereafter, both GnRH and LH secretion decreased, but still maintained very high levels, compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Intracerebroventricular leptin injection produced similar effects on GnRH and LH secretion in ovariectomized rats, indicating regulatory effects of leptin on GnRH and LH secretion.展开更多
Objective To investigate the correlation between regulatory T （Treg） cells and postmenopausal osteoporosis and the antiosteoporotic effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25（OH）2D3] in relation to Treg cells. Metho...Objective To investigate the correlation between regulatory T （Treg） cells and postmenopausal osteoporosis and the antiosteoporotic effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25（OH）2D3] in relation to Treg cells. Methods Fifty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups： the basal control （BAS）, Sham, ovariectomy （OVX）, OVX＋diethylstilbestrol （OVX＋DES）, and OVX＋I,2S（OH）2D3. Tibias were harvested and processed with decalcification for quantitative bone histomorphometry. Femurs were stained by immunohistochemistry to detect Foxp3 protein expression. Spleens were used to detect Treg and Foxp3 gene expression by flow cy：ometry and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Results In comparison with the Sham group, a significant decrease was found in the OV~ group in such indices as trabecular bone volume/tc,tal tissue area （BV/TV）, trabecular number （Tb.N） and trabecular thickness （Tb.Th）. 1,25（OH）2D3 and DES partly prevented the decrease in BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th in OVX mice. Treg cell number, Foxp3 mRI~：A expression in spleen and Foxp3 protein expression in femur significantly decreased in the OVX-tr^ated group compared with those in the sham group. 1,25（OH）2D3 and DES significantly increased Treg cell number and Foxp3 expression. Treg cells and Foxp3 gene expression were related to bone histomorphometric parameters. Conclusion The decrease in Treg cell numbers is relevant to the postmenopausal osteoporosis. The antiosteoporosis of 1,25（OH）2D3 is related to regulatory T cells.展开更多
Kidney-tonifying recipe can reduce the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, prevent neuronal degeneration and improve cognitive functions in ovariectomized rats. Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae alcohol extrac...Kidney-tonifying recipe can reduce the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, prevent neuronal degeneration and improve cognitive functions in ovariectomized rats. Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae alcohol extracts may dose-dependently inhibit non-enzymatic saccharification in vitro. This study aimed to examine the effect of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae on advanced glycation end products and on learning and memory capabilities in ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomized rats were treated with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae alcohol extracts （containing 1.5 g/kg crude drug） or 0.1% aminoguanidine for 12 weeks and behavioral testing was performed with the Y-electrical maze. This test revealed that Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae and aminoguanidine could improve the learning and memory capabilities of ovariectomized rats. Results of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that treatment with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae or aminoguanidine reduced the accumulation of advanced glycation end products in the frontal cortex of ovariectomized rats, while increasing content in the blood and urine. Biochemical tests showed that treatment with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae or aminoguanidine decreased superoxide dismutase activity in the serum and frontal cortex, and increased serum levels of glutathione peroxidase in ovariectomized rats. In addition there was no apparent effect on malondialdehyde levels. These experimental findings indicate that Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae inhibits production of advanced glycation end products and its accumulation in brain tissue, and improves learning and memory capabilities in ovariectomized rats. These effects may be associated with an anti-oxidative action of the extract.展开更多
Obesity and osteoporosis are associated with estrogen deficiency following menopause. Therefore, it is important to prevent and treat both disorders to maintain a healthy life in postmenopausal women. Nobiletin, a pol...Obesity and osteoporosis are associated with estrogen deficiency following menopause. Therefore, it is important to prevent and treat both disorders to maintain a healthy life in postmenopausal women. Nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavone, exhibits various pharmacologic effects, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of nobiletin on obesity, obesity-related metabolic disorders, and bone mass in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Mice were divided into four groups and underwent sham operation or OVX. OVX mice were treated with 50 or 100 mg/kg nobiletin, or received vehicle alone (0.3% carboxyl methyl cellulose/0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide). Nobiletin decreased body weight gain and white adipose tissue weight in OVX mice. Nobiletin also decreased triglyceride levels, and tended to reduce plasma total cholesterol and glucose levels. Additionally, nobiletin prevented the reduction in bone mineral density of the trabecular region of the femur in OVX mice. Taken together, our results suggest that nobiletin improves adiposity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and prevents bone loss in OVX mice. Therefore, nobiletin is expected to have beneficial effects for the prevention and improvement of metabolic disorders and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.展开更多
AIM:To compare natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) vs standard laparoscopic ovariectomy in mini pigs with respect to technical aspects,complications and parameters of systemic inflammatory response...AIM:To compare natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) vs standard laparoscopic ovariectomy in mini pigs with respect to technical aspects,complications and parameters of systemic inflammatory response.METHODS:This was a randomized,experimental,survival study.Ten female mini pigs underwent NOTES transgastric ovariectomy (NOTES group) and ten female mini pigs underwent laparoscopic ovariectomy (LAP group).A "percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy" approach with guidewire and sphincterotome was used for gastrotomy creation.The ovary was resected using standard biopsy forceps and a snare.The access site was closed using a "KING" closure with a single endoloop and several clips.In the laparoscopic group,a three-port laparoscopy and an ovariectomy were performed with the use of standard laparoscopic devices.C-reactive protein (CRP),white blood count and interleukin (IL)-6 plasma levels were used as indicators of systemic inflammatory response.All animals were euthanized 28 d after surgery.RESULTS:All animals survived without complications.The mean procedure time was 41.3 min ± 17.6 min (NOTES group) and 25.7 min ± 5.25 min (LAP group,P < 0.02).Postmortem examinations demonstrated that 50% and 70% of animals were free of any complications in the NOTES and LAP groups,respectively.The remaining animals developed minor complications (adhesions) in a comparable frequency between the two groups.In the NOTES group,one animal developed a small intramural gastric abscess close to the gastrotomy site.A minor serous exudate that was present in 50% and 40% of the animals in the NOTES and laparoscopy groups,respectively,was not considered a complication.In both groups CRP levels increased significantly on the 2nd and 7th postoperative days (POD) and returned to normal after 28 d.On POD 2,an increase of CRP level was significantly higher in the NOTES group compared to the LAP group.Values of IL-6 did not differ from baseline values in either of the groups postoperatively.Interestingly,the platelet count decreased significantly on POD 2,but returned close to baseline values on POD 7 and PODs 28-30.CONCLUSION:Both NOTES and laparoscopic ovariectomies had a similar frequency of minor complications.However,the NOTES technique produced an increased systemic inflammatory response on POD 2.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072425.
文摘BACKGROUND A decreased autophagic capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells(BMSCs)has been suggested to be an important cause of decreased osteogenic differentiation.A pharmacological increase in autophagy of BMSCs is a potential therapeutic option to increase osteoblast viability and ameliorate osteoporosis.AIM To explore the effects of sinomenine(SIN)on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS For in vitro experiments,BMSCs were extracted from sham-treated mice and ovariectomized mice,and the levels of autophagy markers and osteogenic differentiation were examined after treatment with the appropriate concen-trations of SIN and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine.In vivo,the therapeutic effect of SIN was verified by establishing an ovariectomy-induced mouse model and by morphological and histological assays of the mouse femur.RESULTS SIN reduced the levels of AKT and mammalian target of the rapamycin(mTOR)phosphorylation in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,inhibited mTOR activity,and increased autophagy ability of BMSCs,thereby promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and effectively alleviating bone loss in ovariectomized mice in vivo.CONCLUSION The Chinese medicine SIN has potential for the treatment of various types of osteoporosis,bone homeostasis disorders,and autophagy-related diseases.
基金funded by grants from Egg Farmers of Canada,Global Egg Corp.,and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)。
文摘Ovotransferrin,an iron-binding glycoprotein,accounting for approximately 12%of egg white protein,is a member of transferrin fam ily.Our previous studies showed that ovotransferrin stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts,while inhibits osteoclastogenesis and resorption activity.The work aims to study the efficacy of orally administered ovotransferrin on the prevention of osteoporosis using ovariectomized(OVX)Sprague-Dawley rats.Oral administration of ovotransferrin showed no negative effect on body weight,food intake and organ weight.After 12-week treatment,feeding ovotransferrin at a dose of 1%(1 g ovotransferrin/100 g diet)prevented OVX-induced bone loss and maintained relatively high bone mineral density and integrated bone microarchitecture.The serum concentration of biomarkers indicating bone formation was increased in ovotransferrin administration groups,while the bone resorption biomarkers were decreased.Ovotransferrin feeding also decreased the production of serum cytokine TNF-αand IL-6,which are two stimulators for osteoclast differentiation.In addition to its direct regulatory role on bone turnover,ovotransferrin supplementation might benefit osteoporosis prevention by inhibiting adipogenesis,and regulating immune response.Our results suggested the potential application of ovotransferrin as a functional food ingredient on the prevention of osteoporosis.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China (No:30973574)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (No:2010B060500014)Science & Technology Innovation Fund of Guangdong Medical College (STIF201104)
文摘Objective To study whether effect of aspirin plus low-dose diethylstilbestrol is more effective and safer than high diethylstilbestrol dose alone on prevention of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia and dyslipidemia. Methods Thirty-eight 4-month-old female SD rats were divided into baseline （BAS） group （n=6）, sham operation group （n=8） and ovariectomy （OVX） group （n=24）. The OVX group was further divided into vehicle treatment group （n=8）, diethylstilbestrol （30 ug/kg.d） treatment group （OVX＋D30 group, n=8）, and aspirin （9 mg/kg.d） plus diethylstilbestrol （10 ug/kg.d） treatment group （OVX＋A-D10 group, n=8）. Their left tibiae were collected for the bone histomorphometric analysis in undecalcified sections. Left femurs were collected for the bone mineral density measurement. Results The body weight and serum cholesterol were increased, while uterine weight and cancellous bone mass were decreased in OVX rats compared with the SHAM group. Cancellous bone mass was significantly increased, while body weight and bone resorption parameters were decreased in both A-D10 and D30 treatment group compared with OVX group. The rats treated with A-D10 showed significantly increased in bone formation parameters and decreased in serum triglyceride compared with the D30-treated rats. Conclusion Aspirin plus low-dose diethylstilbestrol can effectively prevent osteopenia by reducing bone resorption, and is thus a better treatment modality for preventing dyslipidemia than high-dose diethylstilbestrol alone.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30671765)Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education of China(No.20101561)
文摘This study was aimed to examine the effect of ovariectomy on visceral fat, serum adi- ponectin levels and lipid profile. Forty-five female Sprague DawIey rats were divided into three groups （n=15 each）： ovariectomized group （OVX）, ovariectomized plus estrogen-treated group （OVX＋E2）, and sham-operated group （SHAM）. Body weight, abdominal adipose tissues, serum adiponectin and lipid profile were measured and compared among the groups after three-month feeding post-surgery. Signifi- cant increases in body weight and visceral fat were found in ovariectomized rats when compared with sham-operated ones and significant increases were also observed in serum adiponectin, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in ovariectomized rats. Body weight, visceral fat and se- rum adiponectin levels were profoundly reduced in OVX＋E2 group as compared with OVX group. It was concluded that ovarian hormone deficiency induced by ovariectomy leads to significant increases in body weight and visceral fat, along with increased serum adiponectin, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in rats. Attenuation in these changes can be achieved by estrogen supple- mentation.
基金Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Japanese Government and Continuing Education Program of Talent Training Project with Japanese Loan.
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of isoflavone on body weight, fat mass, and gene expression in relation to lipid metabolism. Methods Thirty-six female SD rats were ovariectomized or sham-operated and fed on a high-fat diet. Two months later, abdominal incision was made, blood was collected to separate serum, and the liver and adipose tissue were immediately collected and weighed. Some portions of these tissues were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80℃. Results Ovariectomy （OVX） with a high-fat diet could induce obesity in rats, while treatment with isoflavone significantly inhibited the increase in body weight and fat mass in abdomen. Serum total cholesterol and leptin were significantly decreased in isoflavone group, compared with the OVX group. The mRNA expression of liver fatty acid synthase （FAS） in the OVX group was significantly higher than that in sham-operated group, while this difference was not observed in the isoflavone group. The mRNA expression of liver hormone-sensitive lipase （HSL） in the OVX rats tended to be lower than that in the sham-operated rats. Furthermore, a large amount of isoflavone maintained the mRNA expression at a sham level. Conclusion Isoflavone may prevent obesity induced by ovariectomy with a high-fat diet, in part by modulating gene expression related to lipid metabolism.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30330220 and the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7032024
文摘AIM: To study the effects of Radix Puerariae flavones (RPF) on liver lipid metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.METHODS: Forty adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: OVX group; sham-OVX group;OVX+estrogen group and OVX+RPF group. One week after operation rats of the first two groups were treated with physiological saline, rats of OVX+estrogen group with estrogen (1 mg/kg.b.w.) and rats of OVX+RPF group with RPF (100 mg/kg.b.w.), respectively for 5 weeks. After the rats were killed, their body weight, the weight of the abdominal fat and uterus were measured, and the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in liver homogenate were determined.RESULTS: Compared with the sham-OVX group, the body mass of the rats in OVX group was found ino-eased significantly;more abdominal fat in store; TC and TG in liver increased and uterine became further atrophy. As a result, the RPF was found to have an inhibitive action on those changes of various degrees.CONCLUSION: RPF has estrogen-like effect on lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue.
基金Science Foundation of Hebei Provincial Science & Technology Department, No.08726101D-20Science Foundation of Hebei Provincial Education Department, No. 2008301
文摘BACKGROUND：Leptin regulates neuroendocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis in humans. OBJECTIVE： To verify effects of intracerebroventricular leptin injection on neuroendocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis in ovariectomized rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College between June and October 2007. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy, female, Wistar rats were included in this study. The following compounds were used： leptin; gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. METHODS： Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups at 1, 2, and 4 hours after injection. Each group was subdivided into control and experimental groups （n = 5 animals per group and time point）. All rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy and, beginning on day 7 after surgery, animals received daily subcutaneous injections of estradiol benzoate （2 μg） for 7 consecutive days. The experimental groups were injected with 5 μL leptin （1 g/L） into the lateral cerebral ventricle, and control groups received an equal volume of physiological saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： GnRH and LH secretion were examined 1, 2, and 4 hours after injection using GnRH and LH ELISA kits, respectively. RESULTS： In the experimental groups, GnRH secretion significantly increased （P 〈 0.01）, followed by LH secretion （P 〈 0.01）, compared with the control groups. GnRH secretion significantly increased 1 hour after leptin injection （P 〈 0.01）. The LH increase was less pronounced, but still significant （P 〈 0.01）; however, the most prominent LH increase occurred between 1 and 2 hours. Both GnRH and LH secretion reached peak levels at 2 hours after leptin injection. Thereafter, both GnRH and LH secretion decreased, but still maintained very high levels, compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Intracerebroventricular leptin injection produced similar effects on GnRH and LH secretion in ovariectomized rats, indicating regulatory effects of leptin on GnRH and LH secretion.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(10152402301000000)Science and Technology Planning Project of Dongguan(2011108102019)Science&Technology Innovation Fund of Guangdong Medical College(STIF201104)
文摘Objective To investigate the correlation between regulatory T （Treg） cells and postmenopausal osteoporosis and the antiosteoporotic effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25（OH）2D3] in relation to Treg cells. Methods Fifty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups： the basal control （BAS）, Sham, ovariectomy （OVX）, OVX＋diethylstilbestrol （OVX＋DES）, and OVX＋I,2S（OH）2D3. Tibias were harvested and processed with decalcification for quantitative bone histomorphometry. Femurs were stained by immunohistochemistry to detect Foxp3 protein expression. Spleens were used to detect Treg and Foxp3 gene expression by flow cy：ometry and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Results In comparison with the Sham group, a significant decrease was found in the OV~ group in such indices as trabecular bone volume/tc,tal tissue area （BV/TV）, trabecular number （Tb.N） and trabecular thickness （Tb.Th）. 1,25（OH）2D3 and DES partly prevented the decrease in BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th in OVX mice. Treg cell number, Foxp3 mRI~：A expression in spleen and Foxp3 protein expression in femur significantly decreased in the OVX-tr^ated group compared with those in the sham group. 1,25（OH）2D3 and DES significantly increased Treg cell number and Foxp3 expression. Treg cells and Foxp3 gene expression were related to bone histomorphometric parameters. Conclusion The decrease in Treg cell numbers is relevant to the postmenopausal osteoporosis. The antiosteoporosis of 1,25（OH）2D3 is related to regulatory T cells.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project for New Drug Creation Program by the Ministry of Science and Technology No.2009ZX09502-014
文摘Kidney-tonifying recipe can reduce the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, prevent neuronal degeneration and improve cognitive functions in ovariectomized rats. Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae alcohol extracts may dose-dependently inhibit non-enzymatic saccharification in vitro. This study aimed to examine the effect of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae on advanced glycation end products and on learning and memory capabilities in ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomized rats were treated with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae alcohol extracts （containing 1.5 g/kg crude drug） or 0.1% aminoguanidine for 12 weeks and behavioral testing was performed with the Y-electrical maze. This test revealed that Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae and aminoguanidine could improve the learning and memory capabilities of ovariectomized rats. Results of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that treatment with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae or aminoguanidine reduced the accumulation of advanced glycation end products in the frontal cortex of ovariectomized rats, while increasing content in the blood and urine. Biochemical tests showed that treatment with Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae or aminoguanidine decreased superoxide dismutase activity in the serum and frontal cortex, and increased serum levels of glutathione peroxidase in ovariectomized rats. In addition there was no apparent effect on malondialdehyde levels. These experimental findings indicate that Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae inhibits production of advanced glycation end products and its accumulation in brain tissue, and improves learning and memory capabilities in ovariectomized rats. These effects may be associated with an anti-oxidative action of the extract.
文摘Obesity and osteoporosis are associated with estrogen deficiency following menopause. Therefore, it is important to prevent and treat both disorders to maintain a healthy life in postmenopausal women. Nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavone, exhibits various pharmacologic effects, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of nobiletin on obesity, obesity-related metabolic disorders, and bone mass in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Mice were divided into four groups and underwent sham operation or OVX. OVX mice were treated with 50 or 100 mg/kg nobiletin, or received vehicle alone (0.3% carboxyl methyl cellulose/0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide). Nobiletin decreased body weight gain and white adipose tissue weight in OVX mice. Nobiletin also decreased triglyceride levels, and tended to reduce plasma total cholesterol and glucose levels. Additionally, nobiletin prevented the reduction in bone mineral density of the trabecular region of the femur in OVX mice. Taken together, our results suggest that nobiletin improves adiposity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and prevents bone loss in OVX mice. Therefore, nobiletin is expected to have beneficial effects for the prevention and improvement of metabolic disorders and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
文摘AIM:To compare natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) vs standard laparoscopic ovariectomy in mini pigs with respect to technical aspects,complications and parameters of systemic inflammatory response.METHODS:This was a randomized,experimental,survival study.Ten female mini pigs underwent NOTES transgastric ovariectomy (NOTES group) and ten female mini pigs underwent laparoscopic ovariectomy (LAP group).A "percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy" approach with guidewire and sphincterotome was used for gastrotomy creation.The ovary was resected using standard biopsy forceps and a snare.The access site was closed using a "KING" closure with a single endoloop and several clips.In the laparoscopic group,a three-port laparoscopy and an ovariectomy were performed with the use of standard laparoscopic devices.C-reactive protein (CRP),white blood count and interleukin (IL)-6 plasma levels were used as indicators of systemic inflammatory response.All animals were euthanized 28 d after surgery.RESULTS:All animals survived without complications.The mean procedure time was 41.3 min ± 17.6 min (NOTES group) and 25.7 min ± 5.25 min (LAP group,P < 0.02).Postmortem examinations demonstrated that 50% and 70% of animals were free of any complications in the NOTES and LAP groups,respectively.The remaining animals developed minor complications (adhesions) in a comparable frequency between the two groups.In the NOTES group,one animal developed a small intramural gastric abscess close to the gastrotomy site.A minor serous exudate that was present in 50% and 40% of the animals in the NOTES and laparoscopy groups,respectively,was not considered a complication.In both groups CRP levels increased significantly on the 2nd and 7th postoperative days (POD) and returned to normal after 28 d.On POD 2,an increase of CRP level was significantly higher in the NOTES group compared to the LAP group.Values of IL-6 did not differ from baseline values in either of the groups postoperatively.Interestingly,the platelet count decreased significantly on POD 2,but returned close to baseline values on POD 7 and PODs 28-30.CONCLUSION:Both NOTES and laparoscopic ovariectomies had a similar frequency of minor complications.However,the NOTES technique produced an increased systemic inflammatory response on POD 2.
