Squamous cell carcinoma associated with endometriosis in the uterus and ovaries:A case report

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disease that causes dysmenorrhea in women of childbearing age.Malignant tumors derived from endometriosis are rarely reported and are found in only 1%of all patients with endometriosis.Here,we report a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)caused by squamous metaplasia of endometriosis that co-occurred in the uterus and ovaries.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old postmenopausal woman had a 6-month history of irregular uterine bleeding.The uterus and adnexa were examined by computed tomography,and there were two solid cystic masses in the pelvis and right adnexa.Histological findings of surgical specimens showed well-differentiated SCC arising from squamous metaplasia of ectopic endometrial glands in the uterus and ovaries.The patient received chemotherapy after surgery and was followed up for 3 mo without metastasis.CONCLUSION The continuity between ectopic endometrial glands and SCC supports that SCC originates from ectopic endometrial glands with metaplasia towards squamous epithelium.

Differential Proteomics Reveals the Potential Injury Mechanism Induced by Heavy Ion Radiation in Mice Ovaries

In the present study, we used a proteomics approach based on a two-dimensional electrophoresis （2-DE） reference map to investigate protein expression in the ovarian tissues of pubertal Swiss-Webster mice subjected to carbon ion radiation （CIR）. Among the identified proteins, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 （UCH-L1） is associated with the cell cycle[1] and that it influences proliferation in ovarian tissues. We analyzed the expression of UCH-L1 and the proliferation marker proliferation cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） following CIR using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. The proteomics and biochemical results provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of CIR toxicity in ovarian tissues.

Congenital ovarian anomaly manifesting as extra tissue connection between the two ovaries:A case report

BACKGROUND Ovarian anomalies except for uni-or bilateral streak gonads are rare.We present a rare case of an ovarian anomaly in which both ovaries were connected by extra tissue.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old,primipara with a twin pregnancy at 36 weeks of gestation was admitted to the hospital with severe preeclampsia.She underwent emergency cesarean section owing to persistent headache,blurred vision,and general edema.Following a peritoneal incision,a thin rectangular-shaped tissue was seen in front of the uterus.After delivery,the extra tissue was removed;no other anomalies were reported in either the ovaries or uterus.Pathology results of the removed tissue disclosed a well-vascularized loose stromal tissue with few follicles and scattered luteinized cells.In this case,to prevent pelvic adhesion or intestinal obstruction resulting from volvulus,strangulation,and torsion,the extra tissue was removed.CONCLUSION We report a case of a rare ovarian anomaly where both ovaries were connected by extra tissue.If the extra tissue extends to the abdominal cavity,it should be removed to prevent pelvic adhesion or abdominal complications including intestinal volvulus,strangulation,and torsion.

Early Warning System of Risk in Dairy Cows with Inactive Ovaries

The incidence of Inactive ovaries of dairy cows in China is relatively high. There is no complete early warning system for the occurrence of ovarian quiescence in clinical cows. This test provides early warning indicators for clinical prediction of ovary cessation in dairy cows. This experiment selected blood samples of dairy cows from 60 to 90 days postpartum in the inactive ovaries group and control group. Differential proteins were selected on the basis of proteomics, three energy indexes: AST, Glu, NEFA. Four reproductive hormones: E2, P4, FSH, LH, and four differentially expressed proteins: IGFBP-2, AHSG, APO-A4, and RBP-4. Key enzyme activities: ALDOB, LDHB, ITIH3, GPX3, SPAM1, PKM2. The ELISA test kit was used to detect the content and activity of the above markers in the test bovine serum. Through correlation analysis, binary logistic regression modeling and ROC analysis, a single indicator early warning technique for APOA4 and ITIH3 was established. The early warning values were APOA4 > 28.825 μg/L and ITIH3 > 195.07 ng/L. A multi-index early warning system based on potential biomarkers of APOA4 + ITIH3 and APOA4 + ITIH3 + E2 was established. The former had an early warning value of: APOA4 > 19.55 μg/I;ITIH3 > 191.14 ng/L;the latter has an early warning value: APOA4 > 47.56 μg/L, ITIH4 > 187.80 ng/L, E2 < 69.63 ng/L.

Sonographic evaluation of mullerian anomalies in women with polycystic ovaries

Background: Mullerian anomalies are relatively common and contributing to the problems of infertility and poor pregnancy outcomes. But their molecular pathophysiology has been insufficiently studied. On the other hand, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is found in nearly 80% of women with hyperandrogenism and also in 8%-25% of normal ones. It seems that anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) which inhibits the formation of the mullerian ducts in male increases in women with PCOS. Therefore, the aim of the study is whether PCOS is associated with mullerian anomalies. Methods: In this case-control study, 83 women with PCOS and 83 cases without PCOS were evaluated with transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) for the diagnosis of mullerian anomalies. The results of each group were compared with other groups. Results: In the PCOS patients, TVS revealed mullerian anomalies in the uterine cavity in 29 out of 83 women. Among 29 patients who had lesions in their uterine cavity, 27 cases had septate uterus and two had arcuate uterus. In the healthy women, TVS revealed 6 septate uterus and 4 arcuate uterus abnormality cases of the uterine cavity. There were significant correlation between polycystic ovary syndrome of the patients and the mullerian anomalies lesions (i.e. septate and arcuate uterus) which were seen in them. Conclusion: Mullerian anomalies were more common in women with PCOS and the most common anomaly was uterine septum. In fact, the present results revealed that it seemed a cause-effect relationship between the mullerian anomalies and PCO syndrome may in fact exist.

Rare Infantile Inguinal Hernia Containing Uterus, Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes—A Case Report: Presentation from Yemen

The presence of ovaries and fallopian tubes in the sac of female inguinal hernia is rare especially in childhood. However, complete herniation of the uterus side by side with ovaries and tubes constitutes extreme rarity. We herein present a 6-years old female patient whose inguinal hernia contains uterus in addition to ovaries and fallopian tubes. The aim of this report is to attract attention of surgeons to this rare possibility during surgical management of hernia in order to avoid the likely damage to herniated structures.

Identification of Novel and Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in the Ovaries of Laying and Non-Laying Ducks

MicroRNAs （miRNAs）, which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to the 3′untranslated region of mRNAs to either inhibit or enhance translation, are involved in diverse biological processes. The use of high-throughput Solexa sequencing plays important roles in the discovery of miRNAs. In this study, we used high-throughput Solexa sequencing to identify novel duck miRNAs and compare the miRNA expression profiles in laying and non-laying duck ovaries. Using a bioinformatic analysis, we discovered 86 potential duck miRNAs similar to known chicken miRNAs and 43 unique sequences that matched known miRNAs of other species. We also found that miRNA variations and isoforms were widespread in our two RNA libraries, with most of the variations occurring in the 3′region of the miRNAs. Furthermore, we detected 55 miRNAs that exhibited significant expression differences between laying and non-laying ducks. Gene ontology （GO） and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses of the potential targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs indicated these miRNAs may play key roles in the egg laying process. Finally, we confirmed the differential expression of 5 miRNAs in the laying and non-laying samples by qRT-PCR. Cumulatively, our work provides the first look at the miRNA expression profile of the duck ovary and provides novel insight into the roles of miRNAs in egg laying and reproduction.

Endocrine Indices of PCOS in Women with Polycystic Ovaries but without Diagnostic Features of PCOS: A Study of an Infertility Clinic Population

Background: The presence of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCO) without the other characteristics of the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is insufficient for the diagnosis of PCOS and there is little justification for follow up in endocrine clinics for women with PCO morphology alone. A few studies have been reported regarding the endocrine features of asymptomatic women with PCO with conflicting data about endocrine profiling. The aim of this study was to assess whether women with PCO, but who have no symptoms of PCOS differ, endocrinologically, from women with normal ovaries.?Methods: We analysed the results of ultrasound and endocrine investigations in 576 consecutive women who attended the infertility clinic between 1993 and 1995 at the Reproductive Medicine Unit of St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. Results: Three hundred and twenty eight women had PCO and 248 had normal ovaries. Among the 328 women with PCO, 169 (51.5%) had PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria. The remaining women with PCO had no symptoms of the syndrome (n = 159);they had a history of regular menses, had proven ovulatory cycles and had neither clinical nor biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism. However, these women had higher timed LH [median (IQR) 5.3 (4.2) IU/l vs 4.8 (3.4) IU/l, respectively;p = 0.044] and testosterone [2.0 (0.8) nmol/l vs 1.8 (0.8), respectively;p = 0.009] compared with women with normal ovaries (although by definition within the normal range). There was no difference in BMI or FSH between the two groups. Among the 169 women with PCOS, 45.0% (n = 76) were anovulatory without hyperandrogenism, 34.3% (n = 58) fulfilled the NIH criteria and 20.7% (n = 35) were ovulatory with hyperandrogenism. The proportion of hyperandrogenism among anovulatory women with PCO is 43.3% (58 out of 134).?Conclusions: Women with PCO, but no symptoms of the syndrome, differ endocrinologically compared with women with normal ovaries: they had higher timed LH and testosterone (although by definition within the normal range). These data suggest that despite the lack of symptoms of PCOS, women presenting to an infertility clinic with PCO represent a milder phenotype of those with overt PCOS, but fall on the same spectrum.

Metastatic low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with variable morphologies in the ovaries and mesentery: A case report

BACKGROUND Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma(LGESS)classically exhibits a proliferative morphology.However,morphological variation of extrauterine tumors presents a diagnostic challenge.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 76-year-old female patient with extensive extrauterine and abdominal neoplastic lesions.Computed tomography showed massive pleural and ascitic fluid,and there was an increase in serum cancer antigen 125.She underwent bilateral adnexectomy and tumor resection.The right ovary had been replaced by a multinodular mass that was 8.5 cm×4.5 cm×3.5 cm in size.In addition,there was a 24 cm×15 cm×13 cm mesenteric mass,which was also multinodular,with local invasion of the intestinal serosa and underlying muscle.Under the microscope,the tumors in different places exhibited two different patterns,thus presenting great challenges to diagnosis and treatment.Thorough pathological assessment eliminated all differential diagnoses in favor of metastatic LGESS derived from a 20-year-old primary tumor initially misdiagnosed as leiomyosarcoma.CONCLUSION LGESS morphology varies according to tumor location.Accurate diagnosis is critical for appropriate treatment and improved prognosis and patient care.

Flutamide-induced alterations in transcriptional profiling of neonatal porcine ovaries

Background: Androgens are involved in the regulation of ovarian development during fetal/neonatal life.Environmental chemicals displaying anti-androgenic activities may affect multiple signal transduction pathways by blocking endogenous androgen action.The aim of the current study was to examine effects of the anti-androgen flutamide on the expression of coding transcripts and long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) in neonatal porcine ovaries.By employing RNA-Seq technology we aimed to extend our understanding of the role of androgens in neonatal folliculogenesis and examine the impact of the anti-androgen flutamide on ovarian function.Method: Piglets were subcutaneously injected with flutamide(50 mg/kg BW) or corn oil(controls) between postnatal days 1 and 10(n = 3/group).Ovaries were excised from the 11-day-old piglets and total cellular RNAs were isolated and sequenced.Results: Flutamide-treated piglet ovaries showed 280 differentially expressed genes(DEGs;P-adjusted < 0.05 and log2 fold change ≥1.0) and 98 differentially expressed lncRNAs(DELs;P-adjusted < 0.05 and log2 FC ≥ 1.0).The DEGs were assigned to GO term,covering biological processes,molecular functions and cellular components,which linked the DEGs to functions associated with cellular transport,cell divisions and cytoskeleton.In addition,STRING software demonstrated strongest interactions between genes related to cell proliferation.Correlations between DEGs and DELs were also found,revealing that a majority of the genes targeted by the flutamide-affected lncRNAs were associated with intracellular transport and cell division.Conclusions: Our results suggest that neonatal exposure of pigs to flutamide alters the expression of genes involved in ovarian cell proliferation,ovarian steroidogenesis and oocyte fertilization,which in turn may affect female reproduction in adult life.

Effects of Zn^(2+) and Cu^(2+) on loach ovaries and ova development

This study compared the accumulation of Zn^(2+)and Cu^(2+)in the ovaries and ova of loaches under different concentrations of Zn^(2+)(1.00,2.50 and 5.00 mg/L respectively)and Cu^(2+)(0.10,0.25 and 0.50 mg/L respectively).The results showed that both Zn^(2+)and Cu^(2+)accumulated in the ovaries,and that the relationship between accumulation and time was linear over 20 days of exposure.The accumulation of the metals in ovaries was closely related to the concentration of exposure in the solutions(P<0.05),and was obviously affected by the time and doses.However,the Cu^(2+)concentration was significantly higher than Zn^(2+)(P<0.05).The development level of ova in the ovaries also correlated with the concentration and exposure period in the Zn^(2+)and Cu^(2+)solutions.

Molybdenum and cadmium co-induce necroptosis through Th1/Th2 imbalance-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in duck ovaries

Cadmium(Cd)and excess molybdenum(Mo)pose serious threats to animal health.Our previous study has determined that Cd and/or Mo exposure can cause ovarian damage of ducks,while the specific mechanism is still obscure.To further investigate the toxic mechanism of Cd and Mo co-exposure in the ovary,forty 8-day-old female ducks were randomly allocated into four groups for 16 weeks,and the doses of Cd and Mo in basic diet per kg were as follows:control group,Mo group(100 mg Mo),Cd group(4 mg Cd),and Mo+Cd group(100 mg Mo+4 mg Cd).Cadmium sulfate 8/3-hydrate(CdSO_(4)·8/3H_(2)O)and hexaammonium molybdate((NH_(4))_(6)Mo_(7)O_(24)·4H_(2)O)were the origins of Cd and Mo,respectively.At the 16th week of the experiment,all ovary tissues were collected for the detection of related indexes.The data indicated that Mo and/or Cd induced trace element disorders and Th1/Th2 balance to divert toward Th1 in the ovary,which activated endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and then provoked necroptosis through triggering RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway,and eventually caused ovarian pathological injuries and necroptosis characteristics.The alterations of above indicators were most apparent in the joint group.Above all,this research illustrates that Mo and/or Cd exposure can initiate necroptosis through Th1/Th2 imbalance-modulated ER stress in duck ovaries,and Mo and Cd combined exposure aggravates ovarian injuries.This research explores the molecular mechanism of necroptosis caused by Mo and/or Cd,which reveals that ER stress attenuation may be a therapeutic target to alleviate necroptosis.

RNA m6A dynamic modification mediated by nucleuslocalized FTO is involved in follicular reserve

In eukaryotic organisms,the most common internal modification of messenger RNA(m RNA)is N6-methyladenosine(m6A).This modification can be dynamically and reversibly controlled by specific enzymes known as m6A writers and erasers.The fat-mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)catalyzes RNA demethylation and plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes.Our research identified dynamic alterations in both m6A and FTO during the assembly of primordial follicles,with an inverse relationship observed for m6A levels and nuclear-localized FTO expression.Application of Fto small interfering RNA(si RNA)altered the expression of genes related to cell proliferation,hormone regulation,and cell chemotaxis,and affected RNA alternative splicing.Overexpression of the full-length Fto gene led to changes in m6A levels,alternative splicing of Cdk5,cell proliferation,cell cycle progression,and proportion of primordial follicles.Conversely,overexpression of Fto lacking a nuclear localization signal(NLS)did not significantly alter m6A levels or primordial follicle assembly.These findings suggest that FTO,localized in the nucleus but not in the cytoplasm,regulates RNA m6A demethylation and plays a role in cell proliferation,cell cycle progression,and primordial follicle assembly.These results highlight the potential of m6A and its eraser FTO as possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Clinical analysis of 12 cases of ovarian neuroendocrine carcinoma

BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the female genital tract are rare.AIM To enhance our clinical understanding of neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)of the ovary.METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on 12 patients diagnosed with NEC of the ovary,analyzing clinicopathological characteristics,treatment modalities,and survival status.RESULTS The median age at diagnosis was 34.5 years(range:20 to 62 years).Among the 12 cases,9 were small cell carcinoma of the ovary and 3 were large cell NEC.Five cases were stage I tumors,one case was stage IV,and six cases were stage III.Eleven patients underwent surgery as part of their treatment.All patients received adjuvant chemotherapy.Among the 12 patients,one patient received radiotherapy,and one patient with a BRCA2 mutation was administered PARP inhibitor maintenance after chemotherapy.The median progression-free survival was 13 months,and the median overall survival was 19.5 months.Four cases remained disease-free,while eight cases experienced tumor recurrence,including three cases that resulted in death due to disease recurrence.CONCLUSION NEC of the ovary is a rare condition that is more common in women of childbearing age and is associated with aggressive behavior and poor clinical outcomes.Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment,with some patients benefiting from adjuvant chemoradiation therapy.

Primary ovarian cancer combined with primary fallopian tube cancer:A case report

BACKGROUND Low grade serous carcinoma of the ovary(LGSOC)is a rare type of epithelial ovarian cancer with a low incidence rate.The origin of ovarian cancer has always been a hot topic in gynecological oncology research,and some scholars believe that the origin of ovarian malignant tumors is the fallopian tubes.Primary fallopian tube cancer is the lowest incidence of malignant tumors in the female reproductive system.There are only a few reports in the literature,but the mortality rate is very high.But in clinical practice,fallopian tube cancer is very common,but in most cases,it is classified as ovarian cancer.CASE SUMMARY We report a 54 years old postmenopausal woman who was hospitalized with a lower abdominal mass and underwent surgical treatment.The final pathological confirmation was low-grade serous carcinoma of the right ovary and low-grade serous carcinoma of the left fallopian tube.No special treatment was performed after the surgery,and the patient was instructed to undergo regular follow-up without any signs of disease progression.CONCLUSION The prognosis of LGSOC is relatively good,over 80%of patients still experience disease recurrence.

Multiple Potential Markers of Chemosensitivity of Ovarian Cancer, Among Which KELIM of CA125 Is Low Cost and Efficient

Aim: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignant cancer with the highest death rate among various kinds of gynecological tumors. The treatment pattern of HGSCs is mainly primary debulking surgery (PDS), followed by platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy, which has been the preferred treatment plan in recent years. Treatment decision-making remains a problem that needs to be addressed. We write this article to summarize the relevant indicators reported and find better decision-making tools. Methods: We have extensively read and understood the literature in the research field involved. We searched for keywords in Pubmed: ovarian cancer;KELIM;chemosensitivity. Later we summarized and organized the current research status in the last two decades. Results: There are many predictors of chemotherapy sensitivity, including pathological chemotherapy response score (CRS), the level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), BRCA mutations in germ lines or somatic cells, tumor homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), KELIM of CA125 and so on. Many clinical trials have testified that this marker of chemosensitivity all have their own advantages and disadvantages. KELIM of CA125 is low-cost and efficient, which is worth promoting and applying in clinical practice. Conclusions: Many studies have validated the predictive and guiding value of the KELIM of Ca125 in the diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cancer. Nowadays, KELIM of Ca125 is rarely known by clinical doctors and lacks clinical application. We advise that KELIM of CA125 is a potential prognostic factor of ovarian cancer. As a clinical doctor in the process of treating ovarian cancer, we can combine the patient’s situation with KELIM, to develop personalized treatment plans. Not only can it reduce the occurrence of complications, but it can also lower medical costs.

Exploring the medication pattern and mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in treating polycystic ovary syndrome with kidney deficiency and blood stasis based on data mining and network pharmacology

Background:Using network pharmacology to explore the potential molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.Method:Collect the related literature materials of PCOS with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome treated by traditional Chinese medicine in four databases in recent ten years,extract the information of prescriptions and complete the frequency analysis.Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database was used to screen out the effective components.Use Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and other databases to screen PCOS disease targets.The intersection targets obtained by clustering prescription and PCOS disease targets were submitted to STRING database for protein-protein interaction network analysis,and Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were analysed by Metascape.Result:There are 155 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines used in the literature.The most commonly utilized ones are Cuscutae Semen,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata.The results of the cluster analysis indicated that the plants most commonly found throughout the prescription were Leonuri Herba,Lycopi Herba,Dipsaci Radix,etc.GO results show that biological processes include cell reaction to organic nitrogen compounds and cell reaction to nitrogen compounds.The functional display of GO molecule includes cytokine receptor binding,signal receptor regulator activity and so on.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results show that the possible mechanisms of action are cancer pathway,an endocrine resistance signal pathway.Conclusion:Through data mining,the cluster prescription for PCOS with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome is Leonuri Herba,Lycopi Herba,Dipsaci Radix,etc.The network pharmacology research of cluster prescription shows that the main drug components for treating PCOS with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome are quercetin,kaempferol,luteolin,tanshinone IIA,etc.,which act on PTGS2,NCOA2,and other targets,and treat PCOS with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome through cancer and endocrine resistance.

Occurrence of a nematode Philometra(Costa,1845)in the ovaries of Epinephelus malabaricus(Bloch&Schneider,1801)in southeast coast of India

Objective:To study the prevalence of philometrid nematode,Philometra spp.infected in the ovaries of Epinephelus malabaricus(E.malabaricus)from southeast coast of India.Methods:Totally 4801 fishes were collected from Mandabam,Tuticorin and Kanyakumari.The normal and infected ovaries were carefully removed from dissected fishes and the prevalence of nematode infection for each fish was examined.Then the nematode were carefully removed and washed in a 0.6%saline solution and fixed in 70%ethanol.Representative nematodes were cleaned with glycerin and fixed in a solution of 95%glacial acitic acid and 5%formalin for identification under light microscopy.Results:Of which 16.8%,16.2%and 14.7%parasitic prevalence was observed from Mandabam,Tuticorin and Kanyakumari respectively.The intensity of parasitic worms per fish varied from 1 to 8 with an average of 6.33±0.84.Nematode length varies from 7-22 mm with in average of(18.70±4.57)mm.The average length and weight of E.malabaricus were(332.950±77.792)mm and(513.30±169.46)g respectively.Conclusions:It can be assumed that females of this nematode are unable to attain gravidity in this host species,and consequently,E.malabaricus does not serve as the true definitive host of Philometra spp.Prevalence of infection and intensity of the nematode are highly effected by sucking blood,causing atrophy of developing ova in the ovary,fibrosis of ovarian tissue,increasing granulocytes and haemorrhages,and thus negatively affecting the reproduction of some species of E.malabaricus.

Ultrasound Causes of Female Infertility at the Fertilia Medical Clinic in Bamako

Aims: Infertility is a major problem in our current societies and the Fertilia medical clinic in Bamako is a center for medical assistance in procreation (MAP) where there is an increasingly growing demand for ultrasound. The objective of our study was to investigate the ultrasound causes likely to prevent the occurrence of pregnancy in a group of infertile and subfertile women. Subjects and Methods: This was a 5-year cross-sectional and prospective study, between January 2017 and January 2022, which involved 250 women wishing to become pregnant (infertile or subfertile), who came for pelvic ultrasound or follicular monitoring and who agreed to participate in our study. The parameters used were ultrasound reports including uterine, ovarian and tubal pathologies. It should be noted that in some cases no ultrasound cause of infertility was found. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS. Results: 250 women were recruited into our. The average age was 32 years with extremes ranging from 17 to 51 years. 179 patients or 71.6% were between 17 and 35 years old. 139 patients or 55.6% had secondary infertility against 44.4% primary infertility. 202 patients or 80.8% had at least one ultrasound lesion and 48 patients or 19.2% had no significant ultrasound abnormality. The most represented ultrasound lesions were of uterine origin with 72.20%, 23.7% ovarian lesions and 04% tubal lesions. Uterine lesions were dominated by myomas, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, uterine malformations and synechiae. As for ovarian lesions we noted cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian endometriosis, non-follicular ovaries and tubal ultrasound lesions showed unilateral or bilateral hydrosalpinx. Conclusion: In our study, ultrasound was an invaluable contribution to the diagnosis of the causes likely to explain subfertility and infertility in our respondents. She highlighted uterine, ovarian and tubal lesions, some of which could be corrected and pregnancies ensued.

High serum reproductive hormone levels at mid-pregnancy support Meishan pig prolificacy

Increasing prolificacy is an important aim in the pig industry. Regions associated with litter size have been revealed, but detailed molecular mechanisms are unclear. The Meishan pig is one of the most prolific breeds, with higher prolificacy than the Yorkshire pig, which exhibits high feeding efficiency and lean meat yield. The ovary is the key organ determining reproductive traits during pregnancy by synthesizing and secreting reproductive hormones essential for conceptus maintenance. In this comparative multi-omics study of the ovary transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome on day 49 of pregnancy, we aimed to identify genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic differences between the ovaries of Meishan and Yorkshire pigs to reveal potential molecular mechanisms conferring high prolificacy. Meishan pigs demonstrated general downregulation of steroid biosynthesis and butanoate metabolism in the ovary during mid-pregnancy at both transcriptome and proteome levels but exhibited higher serum cholesterol, estradiol, and progesterone levels than Yorkshire pigs. We also identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes of the steroid hormone pathway associated with litter number, average birth weight, and total litter weight. Lower biosynthesis rates but elevated serum levels of reproductive hormones during mid-and late pregnancy are essential for the greater prolificacy of Meishan pigs.