A series of environmental—geological problems have been caused by over-exploitation of deep groundwater（i.e.,confined aquifer water） in the North China Plain.In order to better understand the status of deep groundw...A series of environmental—geological problems have been caused by over-exploitation of deep groundwater（i.e.,confined aquifer water） in the North China Plain.In order to better understand the status of deep groundwater over-exploitation and the resultant environmental—geological problems on a regional scale,the over-exploitation of groundwater has been assessed by way of the groundwater exploitation potential coefficient（i.e.,the ratio of exploitable amount of deep groundwater to current exploitation）, cumulative land subsidence,and long-term average lowering rate of the groundwater table.There is a good correlation among the results calculated by the different methods.On a regional scale,deep groundwater has been over-exploited and there is no further exploitation potential under the current conditions.The groundwater exploitation degree index takes the exploitation in 2003 as the reference for the calculations, so the results mainly reflect the degree of current groundwater exploitation.The results of over-exploitation of deep groundwater obtained by land subsidence data and long-term average rate of depression of the water table mainly reflect environmental—geological problems caused by exploitation of deep groundwater.展开更多
This article analyzes the importance of non use values in the management of natural resources with a model of imperfect competition.By constucting a framework of duopolistic exploiters,the incorporation of non use v...This article analyzes the importance of non use values in the management of natural resources with a model of imperfect competition.By constucting a framework of duopolistic exploiters,the incorporation of non use values based on self interest and altruistic motives appears to be significant for determining the degree of inefficiency caused by the problem of common property at the non cooperative Nash equilibrium.It is found that when the non use value placed by the altruist exploiter is bounded by that placed by the pure self interest exploiter,the effect of market power is dominated by the effect of common exploitation.In this case,the exploiters' harvesting strategy will response in the same direction to the change of each other's harvesting at the non cooperative Nash equilibrium.In contrast,when the non use value placed by the altruist is substantially larger or smaller than that placed by the self interest exploiter,one exploiter's increase in harvesting will lead to a decrease in harvesting of the other exploiter at the non cooperative Nash equilibrium.展开更多
休耕制度是促进农业可持续发展、落实“藏粮于地”、推动乡村振兴战略的重要举措,研究休耕补偿标准对于完善休耕制度具有重要意义。通过2018年河北省衡水市330户农户的实地调研数据,运用双边界二分式意愿调查法,对地下水超采区休耕补偿...休耕制度是促进农业可持续发展、落实“藏粮于地”、推动乡村振兴战略的重要举措,研究休耕补偿标准对于完善休耕制度具有重要意义。通过2018年河北省衡水市330户农户的实地调研数据,运用双边界二分式意愿调查法,对地下水超采区休耕补偿标准及其影响因素进行了研究。研究结果表明:①农户具有较强的节水意识,对休耕政策的认知水平和接受程度都在逐步提升,对休耕政策的节水效果非常认可。休耕政策在“节水”和“养地”两大方面取得了较为显著的生态效益。②2015—2018年农户对休耕政策的受偿意愿整体呈下降趋势,跟农户对休耕政策的认知水平提升、接受程度提升以及近两年样本区域小麦产量有所下降等因素相关。③2018年农户对休耕政策的受偿意愿的估算结果为544.69元/667 m 2·a,略高于当前的补偿标准500元/667 m 2·a,说明现有的休耕补偿标准比较合理但略有偏低;略低于冬小麦的亩均纯收益,因为休耕政策能够解放部分农业劳动力和增加农户的闲暇时间,使得农户愿意接受低于冬小麦的单位平均纯收益的补偿标准。④农户的受偿意愿受到个体特征、家庭特征和认知特征的影响,主要包括年龄、受教育程度、健康状况、家庭耕地面积、家庭支出、节水培训、休耕认知和节水政策等因素。在综合考虑生态效益和粮食安全的情况下,在深层地下水严重超采区合理扩大休耕规模。为了改进地下水超采区休耕政策,应当加强对休耕政策的宣传,适当提高休耕的补偿标准,充分考虑农户异质性和尊重农户的参与意愿,可以“集中连片”但并非一定“整村推进”。展开更多
基金sponsored by a research grant from the National Natural Foundation Committee:Groundwater Crisis Critical Signal and Groundwater Resources Adjustment and Control of State Project No.973(Grant No.2010CB428806)
文摘A series of environmental—geological problems have been caused by over-exploitation of deep groundwater（i.e.,confined aquifer water） in the North China Plain.In order to better understand the status of deep groundwater over-exploitation and the resultant environmental—geological problems on a regional scale,the over-exploitation of groundwater has been assessed by way of the groundwater exploitation potential coefficient（i.e.,the ratio of exploitable amount of deep groundwater to current exploitation）, cumulative land subsidence,and long-term average lowering rate of the groundwater table.There is a good correlation among the results calculated by the different methods.On a regional scale,deep groundwater has been over-exploited and there is no further exploitation potential under the current conditions.The groundwater exploitation degree index takes the exploitation in 2003 as the reference for the calculations, so the results mainly reflect the degree of current groundwater exploitation.The results of over-exploitation of deep groundwater obtained by land subsidence data and long-term average rate of depression of the water table mainly reflect environmental—geological problems caused by exploitation of deep groundwater.
文摘This article analyzes the importance of non use values in the management of natural resources with a model of imperfect competition.By constucting a framework of duopolistic exploiters,the incorporation of non use values based on self interest and altruistic motives appears to be significant for determining the degree of inefficiency caused by the problem of common property at the non cooperative Nash equilibrium.It is found that when the non use value placed by the altruist exploiter is bounded by that placed by the pure self interest exploiter,the effect of market power is dominated by the effect of common exploitation.In this case,the exploiters' harvesting strategy will response in the same direction to the change of each other's harvesting at the non cooperative Nash equilibrium.In contrast,when the non use value placed by the altruist is substantially larger or smaller than that placed by the self interest exploiter,one exploiter's increase in harvesting will lead to a decrease in harvesting of the other exploiter at the non cooperative Nash equilibrium.
文摘休耕制度是促进农业可持续发展、落实“藏粮于地”、推动乡村振兴战略的重要举措,研究休耕补偿标准对于完善休耕制度具有重要意义。通过2018年河北省衡水市330户农户的实地调研数据,运用双边界二分式意愿调查法,对地下水超采区休耕补偿标准及其影响因素进行了研究。研究结果表明:①农户具有较强的节水意识,对休耕政策的认知水平和接受程度都在逐步提升,对休耕政策的节水效果非常认可。休耕政策在“节水”和“养地”两大方面取得了较为显著的生态效益。②2015—2018年农户对休耕政策的受偿意愿整体呈下降趋势,跟农户对休耕政策的认知水平提升、接受程度提升以及近两年样本区域小麦产量有所下降等因素相关。③2018年农户对休耕政策的受偿意愿的估算结果为544.69元/667 m 2·a,略高于当前的补偿标准500元/667 m 2·a,说明现有的休耕补偿标准比较合理但略有偏低;略低于冬小麦的亩均纯收益,因为休耕政策能够解放部分农业劳动力和增加农户的闲暇时间,使得农户愿意接受低于冬小麦的单位平均纯收益的补偿标准。④农户的受偿意愿受到个体特征、家庭特征和认知特征的影响,主要包括年龄、受教育程度、健康状况、家庭耕地面积、家庭支出、节水培训、休耕认知和节水政策等因素。在综合考虑生态效益和粮食安全的情况下,在深层地下水严重超采区合理扩大休耕规模。为了改进地下水超采区休耕政策,应当加强对休耕政策的宣传,适当提高休耕的补偿标准,充分考虑农户异质性和尊重农户的参与意愿,可以“集中连片”但并非一定“整村推进”。
