Novel copyright protection scheme for digital content

A novel copyright protection scheme for digital content is presented, which is a private watermarking scheme based on the watermark embedding in the DCT domain and watermark extraction Using independent component analysis （ICA）. The system includes the key for watermark extraction and the host image. The algorithm splits the original image into blocks and classifies these blocks based on visual masking, that is, noise visibility function （NVF）. Watermark components with different strength are inserted into chosen direct current components of DCT coefficients according to the classifier. The watermark extraction is based on the characteristic of the statistic independence of the host image, watermark and key. Principle component analysis （PCA） whitening process and FastICA techniques are introduced to ensure a blind watermark extraction without requiring the original image. Experirnental results show the proposed technique is robust under attacks such as image filtering and adding noise, cropping and resizing. In addition, the proposed private watermarking system can be improved to the application of the DTV content protection system.

The Water Quality Evaluation in Balihe Lake Based on Principal Component Analysis

The water pollution situation in Balihe Lake, the biggest tributary of Shaying River Basin in Anhui Province, China, has brought a huge pressure on the improvement of water quality in Huai River. On October 16th, 2017, 11 major pollution indexes were observed at 15 sampling points in Balihe Lake. Based on the data experimentally measured, the water quality in Balihe Lake was analyzed utilizing the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of SPSS. The result suggested that the major components were oxygenated pollutants, water eutrophication pollutants and ammonia nitrogen, in which oxygenated pollutants played a dominant role. In addition, the upper part of Balihe Lake suffered serious situation and needed a focus on oxygenated pollutants.

Study on the instantaneous protection reliability of low voltage circuit breakers

This paper outlines the significance of enhancing the instantaneous protection reliability of low voltage circuit breakers and describes their main failure modes. The instantaneous failure mechanism of low voltage circuit breakers was analyzed so that measures to improve instantaneous protection reliability can be determined. Furthermore, the theory of the instantaneous characteristics calibration device for low voltage circuit breakers and the method of eliminating the non-periodic component of test current are given in detail. Finally, the test results are presented.

Fault diagnosis and protection of motors in coal shearer

Symmetrical components method is employed in analysis of the characteristic motor faults.Motor protection method is put forward based on detecting positive sequence,negative sequence and zero sequence current.And problems of lack of motor overload capacity in existing mining motor protection system,impact of dynamic current on stage and definite-time delay operation and inaccuracy of criterion phase failure protection are analyzed.The unbalanced faults protection and inverse-time overload protection,which can make protection time change with the current movement,are proposed.The above problems can be solved,and the reliability and intelligent of coal shearer are improved.

Design and testing of a centralized protection scheme for micro-grids

Micro-grids comprise low voltage distribution systems with distributed energy resources(DERs) and controllable loads which can operate connected to the medium voltage grid or islanded in a controlled coordinated way. This concept aims to move from "connect and forget" philosophy towards a full integration of DERs. Micro-grids can provide numerous economic and environmental benefits for end-customers, utilities and society. However, their implementation poses great technical challenges, such as a new philosophy in design of protection systems. In this work, a micro-grid protection scheme is presented based on positive-sequence component using phasor measurement units(PMUs) and a central protection unit(CPU). The salient feature of the proposed scheme in comparison with the previous works is that it has the ability to protect both radial and looped micro-grids against different types of faults with the capability of single-phase tripping. Furthermore, since the CPU is capable of updating its pickup values(upstream and downstream equivalent positive-sequence impedances of each line) after the first change in the micro-grid configuration(such as transferring from grid-connected to islanded mode and or disconnection of a line, bus, or DER either in grid-connected mode or in islanded mode), it can protect micro-grid against subsequent faults. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the suggested scheme and the CPU, several simulations have been undertaken by using DIg SILENT Power Factory and MATLAB software packages.

The Principle and Practice of the Deviation of Power Frequency Component Relay on High Voltage Transmission Line

The research and development of ultra high speed protective relay of transmission line has got great interest and attention of protective relay engineer over the world. Several versions and schemes of ultra high speed relay have been studied and designed in recent twenty years. But only a few of them have got actual apiication in the power system. The relay based on the deviation of power frequency component (DPFC) can get very high reliability with ultra high speed so it has got wide application in Chinese power system. Thousands relay sets have been applied and its operation experience verifies their excellent performance. This paper summarizes the course of the development of the uItra high speed protective relay and compares the merits and defects of the main schemes which have been developed. The principle and successful pratice of the ultra high speed protection based on DPFC reIay are introduced.

A new phase comparison pilot protection based on wavelet transform

Current phase comparison based pilot protection had been generally utilized as primary protection of the transmission lines in China from the 1950’s to the 1980’s. Conventional phase comparison pilot protection has a long phase comparison time, which results in a longer fault-clearing time. This paper proposes a new current phase comparison pilot protection scheme that is based on non-power frequency fault current component. The phase of the fourth harmonic current of each end of the protected line has been abstracted by utilizing complex wavelet transformation and then compared in order to determine whether the inner fault occurs or not. This way can greatly decrease fault-clearing time and improve performances of this pilot protection when fault occurs under the heavy-load current and asymmetrical operation conditions. Many EMTP simulations have verified the proposed scheme’s correctness and effectiveness.

基于电流模分量特性的多端柔性直流配电网线路纵联保护

多端柔性直流配电网因在供电可靠性方面极具优势而受到广泛的关注,然而对于直流线路保护中故障的快速、可靠识别成为其急速发展所需解决的关键问题之一。因此,设计了一种利用电流模分量特性的直流线路纵联保护方法。该方法利用故障时正极电流线模分量方向来判别区内外故障,以不同故障条件下故障点正极电流零模分量平均值的差异来构造保护判据,从而判别故障类型,形成保护策略。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC4.5上搭建了多端柔性直流配电网模型,对保护判据及关键影响要素进行了仿真分析。结果表明,该保护方法能够有选择性地快速、可靠识别区内外故障及故障类型,且具有较好的耐过渡电阻与抗噪声能力。

海上风电低频输电系统快速母线保护

海上风电低频输电系统母线故障后,换流器型电源等效电势与阻抗因控制的切换与调整过程,不再像传统电网可视为恒定。文中理论分析了母线电流差动保护适应性,明确故障控制策略对差动保护灵敏度的影响方式。利用母线区内外故障所对应的故障等效模型不同,提出基于时域全量模型识别的母线保护。该保护原理反映被保护元件自身拓扑的变化,理论上具有不受电源特性影响的优势,同样适用于其他换流器型电网。同时,所提保护在时域中实现,不存在相量提取问题,动作速度快。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了仿真模型,验证了所提母线保护的可靠性和快速性。

郑州市野生鸟类资源研究

对2014—2019年河南省郑州市鸟类物种多样性、区系分布及生境状况进行调查研究,共记录到鸟类16目52科304种,包括外来鸟类12目16科40种,其中山地鸟类最多,有197种,河道与水田相似性最大(0.71),共有鸟类78种。东洋界鸟类46种(15.13%),古北界鸟类155种(50.99%),广布种103种(33.88%);留鸟90种(29.61%),夏候鸟59种(19.41%),冬候鸟71种(23.36%),旅鸟84种(27.63%);国家一级重点保护鸟类17种,外来种3种,国家二级重点保护鸟种47种,外来种7种,省级重点保护鸟类21种,CITES鸟类列入附录I的物种有7种,外来种8种,极危(CR)级别鸟类3种,濒危(EN)等级鸟类4种,易危(VU)等级鸟类8种,近危等级鸟类4种,中日协定保护鸟类147种,中澳协定保护鸟类40种。结果表明,郑州市鸟类整体表现南北混杂,显示出由古北界向东洋界过渡而以古北界成分占优势的特征。在生境分析中表现出除雀形目鸟类外,水鸟占比很大,在鸟类保护过程中应加大对水体资源的保护。

含逆变型分布式电源和分支负荷的配电网自适应电流差动保护

电流差动保护具有良好的选择性和灵敏性。但是,逆变型分布式电源(inverter-interfaced distributed generator,IIDG)和分支负荷接入改变了配电网的故障特性,现有配电网的电流差动保护面临拒动或误动的风险。为解决以上问题,该文在计及P/Q控制的IIDG和分支负荷的故障等值建模基础上,从故障点、IIDG和分支负荷的相对位置出发,挖掘配电网线路两端正序电流差的幅值特征以及正序电流故障分量的相位特征。在此基础上,提出一种正序电流幅值与故障分量相角阈值配合的双比例制动系数自适应差动保护方案,并且利用幅相平面分析所提保护判据的可靠性和灵敏性。最后通过PSCAD/EMTDC验证了所提保护方案的有效性,仿真结果表明该方案适应不同故障类型、位置和过渡电阻,且不受IIDG以及分支负荷接入的影响。

传统交流线路保护在换流器并网系统中的适应性分析

提出了一种继电保护适应性评估方法,基于对换流器并网系统电气量特性的分析,对工程中常配备的纵联差动保护、保护辅助元件和距离保护在换流器并网系统中的适应性进行了评估,并分析了换流器控制策略、故障场景、系统拓扑参数等因素对保护适应性的影响,给出了保护适应边界,针对部分存在适应性问题的保护,提出了性能优化方案。最后利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真验证了保护适应性分析的正确性和优化方案的有效性,所得结论可以为我国新型电力系统中继电保护的适应性研究以及优化配置提供理论指导。

适用于全故障类型的双馈风电场送出线负序电流纵联保护方案

随着双馈风电机组(DFIG)并网容量的增加,给风电场送出线继电保护的整定带来新的挑战,保护动作性能下降甚至会出现拒动和误动的风险。为此,首先分析双馈风电机组负序电流分量特征;然后进一步分析风电场经交、直流并网时交流送出线两侧电流的特征差异,提出一种适用于双馈风电场送出线的负序电流分量纵联保护新方法。该方法利用双馈风电场送出线两侧负序电流的幅值比和相位差构成保护动作判据,同时,利用数据延时在对称故障下构造出负序分量,使其能适用于风电场送出线的各种故障类型,且具有灵敏度高、耐受过渡电阻能力强等优点。最后,在Matlab/Simulink和PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建双馈风电机组电磁暂态仿真模型,仿真分析保护方案在交直流送出线上的适应性。

工艺参数对轻质热防护组件胶接装配性能的影响

可重复使用运载器采用轻质热防护材料和应变隔离垫作为飞行器的热防护系统,轻质热防护组件通过硅橡胶胶黏剂粘接至碳纤维复合材料蒙皮表面。为提高可重复使用飞行器轻质热防护系统粘接质量,通过实验方法研究了加压压力、加压时间、表面处理方式等对轻质热防护组件与碳纤维复合材料的粘接强度的影响。结果表明:轻质热防护组件与碳纤维复合材料的粘接强度随加压压力的增大而增大,随加压时间的增长先迅速增大,当加压时间超过7 h时缓慢增大;打磨或涂处理剂表面处理方式均能提高粘接强度,同时施加两种处理方式时提高粘接强度大于52%。

Inverse-time Backup Protection Based on Unified Characteristic Equation for Distribution Networks with High Proportion of Distributed Generations

The setting work of backup protection using steady-state current is tedious,and mismatches occasionally occur due to the increased proportion of distributed generations(DGs)connected to the power grid.Thus,there is a practical need to study a backup protection technology that does not require step-by-step setting and can be adaptively coordinated.This paper proposes an action sequence adaptive to fault positions that uses only positive sequence fault component(PSFC)voltage.Considering the influence of DGs,the unified time dial setting can be obtained by selecting specific points.The protection performance is improved by using the adjacent upstream and downstream protections to meet the coordination time interval in the case of metallic faults at the near-and far-ends of the line.Finally,the expression and implementation scheme for inverse-time backup protection(ITBP)based on the unified characteristic equation is given.Simulation results show that this scheme can adapt to DG penetration scenarios and can realize the adaptive coordination of multi-level relays.

新能源场站高比例接入下主流类型工频量距离保护比对

新能源场站高比例接入电网后,已有广泛应用的工频量距离保护判据存在无法准确识别电网故障的问题。文章着重从装置中保护判据与工频量提取算法入手,对比分析新能源场站高比例接入场景下不同类型距离保护算法的适应性。针对保护判据,对比分析了方向圆、多边形、比相式以及工频变化量距离保护各自的适应性,明确了能够较好适用于新能源场站高比例接入的距离保护判据。针对工频量提取算法,探究了不同类型新能源场站所提供短路电流中非周期谐波量的变化特性,进一步推导了受谐波量影响的傅里叶算法对工频量提取产生的计算误差,确定了影响工频量提取精度的关键谐波分量。

半钢炼钢条件下转炉护炉技术探讨

钒钛磁铁矿经过高炉炼铁得到含钒铁水,转炉炼钢时利用碳与钒的选择性氧化,将铁水中的钒富集后进入炉渣,然后从钒渣中提取钒,是目前国内主流的提钒方法。含钒铁水的冶炼,转炉的成渣条件及渣相与常规铁水冶炼差异较大,对护炉技术提出挑战,因此掌握半钢炼钢条件下转炉护炉技术,在生产过程中才能不影响生产组织,保证一座提钒转炉对应两座半钢冶炼转炉的顺行。本文基于半钢炼钢条件下钒渣与钢渣的成分和岩相结构分析研究的基础上,总结了影响转炉护炉的主要因素,针对性的提出改进措施,在某厂半钢炼钢条件下,转炉护炉取得了较好的冶金效果。

基于正序电流故障分量的有源配电网线路差动保护

传统配电网在大量分布式电源接入后变为有源配电网,拓扑结构与故障特征发生改变,现有电流差动保护无法同时满足可靠性与灵敏性要求。为此分析了逆变型分布式电源故障输出特性,建立有源配电网正序电流故障分量网络,在此基础上提出一种基于正序电流故障分量的电流差动保护方案。该方案以线路两侧正序电流故障分量为特征量对常规电流差动保护进行改造,解决了在分布式电源接入后线路发生区内高过渡电阻故障引起的电流差动保护无法准确识别故障的问题。最后使用PSCAD/EMTDC对该方案在不同工况下的动作情况进行仿真,仿真结果表明该方案能够适应有源配电网保护需求。

基于保肝活性的大黄硝石汤组分配伍优化及药效评价

目的基于保肝活性优化大黄硝石汤组分配比,并进行药效评价。方法采用Wistar大鼠,随机分为空白组、模型组、熊去氧胆酸组(阳性组)及大黄硝石汤组分正交配伍组,采用α-萘异硫氰酸酯诱导肝损伤动物模型,以肝功能生化为指标,并结合多元统计方法,优化大黄硝石汤组分配比。另取Wistar大鼠,在肝损伤动物模型基础上,以生物体征、肝功能生化为指标,优化大黄硝石汤组分中芒硝剂量(0、1、2、4 g)。在此基础上,将Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、熊去氧胆酸组,栀柏黄组分小、中、大剂量组,通过生物体征、肝功能生化、脂质过氧化物,肝脏病理及胆汁转运相关指标等考察,评价栀柏黄组分保肝药效。结果经正交、多元统计优化的大黄硝石汤组分能够改善肝损伤动物生物学体征及肝功能生化异常,含不同剂量芒硝的大黄硝石汤优化组分均能减缓肝损伤动物体质量减轻(P<0.01或P<0.05),降低血清肝功酶活性(P<0.01或P<0.05),且除碱性磷酸酶外,大黄硝石汤组分不同剂量芒硝组对肝功酶活性回调差异无统计学意义。综合考虑,将其组方优化为不加芒硝的栀柏黄组分。优化后的栀柏黄组分能改善肝损伤动物异常生物学体征,降低血清肝功酶活性(P<0.01或P<0.05)及总胆红素、三酰甘油水平(P<0.05),回调肝脏脂质过氧化物水平(P<0.01或P<0.05),修复肝脏病理,回调胆盐输出泵(BSEP)等胆汁转运蛋白表达(P<0.05),从而发挥较好保肝活性。结论经正交、多元优化及单因素考察得到的大黄硝石汤栀柏黄组分具有改善动物异常生物体征、保肝降酶、抗脂质过氧化、回调异常代谢、修复肝脏病理等药效,这为其进一步临床应用及开发提供了参考。

光伏组件雷电冲击损伤特性实验研究

采用高电压及大电流冲击模拟实验,对光伏组件雷击损伤特性进行了分析,获取了雷击对光伏组件的损伤形貌、雷电路径、损伤阈值、电学特性变化等关键损伤特征。研究结果表明:在自然界雷电情况下,多数为光伏边框或支架接闪,20 kA的雷电流即可引起边框烧蚀;雷击会影响组件的功能和寿命,随着雷电冲击电压的增大,最大输出功率逐渐减小,冲击电压为300 kV时,最大输出功率变化率达到10.02%。基于雷击损伤实验模拟结果,可以为光伏系统的雷击防护提供数据支撑和参考依据。