Designing nanocarriers to overcome the limitations in conventional drug administration for Parkinson’s disease

Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)have become one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide,and cause enormous pain and suffering for both patients and their families.Some of the most common NDs include Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease(PD)and Huntington’s disease,among others(Feng,2020).PD is a widespread neurodegenerative disease that affects more than 10 million people worldwide(No author listed,2021).The direct cause of the disease is unknown,but it is characterized by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain in the substantia nigra.This leads to the depletion of dopamine(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine,DA)in the striatum of patients,in addition to the existence of abnormalα-synuclein in nerve cells and the development of toxic protein aggregates in neurons called Lewy bodies,which causes muscle stiffness,slowness of movements and tremors.It is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may be the cause of PD,but the exact reason for the disease is not yet fully understood.

International standards help to overcome technical barriers to trade

Named“Thematic session on Regulatory Cooperation between Members on Climate Change”,the event,which took place in Geneva on March 7,gathered several high-level speakers,including the Chair of the IEC System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for USE in Renewable Energy Applications(IECRE),Alistair Mackinnon.

The research of student sports psychological barriers and the way to overcome

Sports competition is competition in a particular environment, mad it has its own characteristics, tasks, opponents, environment and methods. Despite the psychological training is relevant to, and associated with physical exercise, but its nature determines its specificity. On the psychological point of view, due to the reinforcement of external stimuli, which led to strong psychological pressure, these are manifested through the behaviors of the players when they are compete with others, such as fear, excessive psychological tension, incorrect competition motivation, ambiguous purpose, lack of confidence, even there are phenomenon like isolated characteristics and irritation, etc. Thus, the regulation and control of mental activity, the overcome of the psychological barriers, and the implementation of the psychology training have become a big question which teachers and coaches must pay attention to and need to be solved.

To Overcome the Obstacle of Data Exchange to Increase the Utilization Efficiency of Accounting Data

On Nov.4^(th), AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People' s Republic of China), SAC (Standardization Administrationof China), National Audit Office of China (CNAO), and National Ministry of Finance of China jointlyheld the conference press on the national standard of Information Technology--Data Interface ofAccounting Software (GB/T 19581-2004) in Beijing. The standard was approved and issued on Sept. 20,2004 by AQSIQ and SAC, and it would come into effect all over the whole nation from January 1^(st),2005. Pu Changcheng, Vice Director of AQSIQ, Shi Aizhong, Vice Director of CNAO, Li Zhonghai. amember of the Party Group of AQSIQ and Director of SAC, the other leaders of concerned departmentssuch as National Ministry of Finance, National Telegraphy Office, and etc. attended the ConferencePress and made speeches. They fully affirmed the important significance and the achievements onstandardization work of electronic government business, and also they set new demands on the workfor the future.

English Communication on Migration and Measures to Overcome the Negative Culture

Since the reform and opening up, China has more opportunities and European countries, exchanges and cooperation.However, in the process of communication, we may inadvertently ignore each other's culture and customs, the lack of cross-cultural communication awareness in local culture to measure the culture of other countries, such behavior is called negative transfer culture. Negative Transfer of Culture will have cultural misunderstandings and conflicts between nations and hinder the smooth progress of cross-cultural communication. In order to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding, strengthen the friendship between different countries, we should understand, learn and overcome cultural negative transfer. This will combine theoretical knowledge and examples to explain the culture, language and culture negative relationship between migration and elaborate cultural negative transfer of two levels: Negative Transfer negative transfer surface culture and deep culture(including values migration and ethnic psychological aspects), and its negative impact on the English cross-cultural communication. In addition, this paper will propose some strategies and corresponding to the principle of helping people overcome the negative transfer in crosscultural communication, enhance cross-cultural communication ability, up from psychological acceptance, adaptation, and tolerance of different cultures.

Helping Chinese Overcome Stereotypes about American Culture

This research paper,from the perspective of cross-cultural communication,intends to analyze the cultural misconceptions Chinese have about North American culture.Inspired by the data the author collected through the semester-long project with three subjects from different background,the topic of helping Chinese people overcome stereotypes about American culture stands out to claim the practical value in terms of enhancing Chinese people’s cultural awareness and ability to distinguish cultural perspectives and recognize the complexity of cross-cultural communication.Also,recommendations like to know yourself,to develop cross-cultural communication competence are provided for overcoming the formation of stereotypes and to decrease possible cultural incidents since people of both cultures are increasingly interacting with each other in various aspects in the situation of globalization.

Targeted Relief--New financial policies have been introduced to help SMEs overcome difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic

Less than five days.That’s how long it took Molarray to receive the first part of the loan after it filed the loan application.Molarray is an R&D company specializing in life sciences and genetic diagnosis based in the Suzhou Industrial Park,in eastern China’s Jiangsu Province.Amid the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic,Molarray’s products are used on the frontline to help detect and identify the virus.However,while the employees worked overtime to increase production,the company lacked working capital.

Triumphant Tone Members of a Chinese rock band use music to overcome rare diseases and disabilities

"If there is no sun,turn to the stars;if you can’t be seen,sing louder;keep believing,like me,in the power of love..."These are the lyrics of a song by a rock band comprised of people in wheelchair,people with albinism,and people of short stature or unusually tall.

The Chinese government and the Chinese people have the ability, resolve and courage to overcome the coronavirus

I just returned to the U.S.to help my 90-year-old mother-in-law only a couple of days before the world realized the coronavirus was so serious.On the one hand,I should feel lucky,as many foreigners are scrambling frantically to leave.Yet on the other hand,I regret that I am not there in China to help.Had I realized the situation was so dire,I would have preferred to stay.

China overcoming crisis: coronavirus-we shall overcome

In the Chinese language,the word for“crisis”consists of two characters:“wei”meaning“danger”and“ji”meaning opportunity.Throughout China’s history,the nation and its people have responded to each crisis and challenge.They respond collectively and united in overcoming the danger of each crisis.More importantly,they turn each into an opportunity to re-build,grow and develop further.

Carbon Liquidity For Neutrality China needs to overcome greater challenges than developed countries to meet its carbon-neutral target

At the annual plenary session of the National People’s Congress(NPC),the top legislature of the country,in March,China unveiled its new targets for achieving carbon neutrality.They included reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP respectively by 13.5 percent and18 percent during the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-25)period.China made the commitment to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent by 2020 as compared with 2005 at the UN Climate Change Conference 2009 in Copenhagen.It also committed to simultaneously increasing the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption to 15 percent of its total energy mix.

Targeting epigenetic regulators to overcome drug resistance in cancers

Drug resistance is mainly responsible for cancer recurrence and poor prognosis.Epigenetic regulation is a heritable change in gene expressions independent of nucleotide sequence changes.As the common epigenetic regulation mechanisms,DNA methylation,histone modification,and non-coding RNA regulation have been well studied.Increasing evidence has shown that aberrant epigenetic regulations contribute to tumor resistance.Therefore,targeting epigenetic regulators represents an effective strategy to reverse drug resistance.In this review,we mainly summarize the roles of epigenetic regulation in tumor resistance.In addition,as the essential factors for epigenetic modifications,histone demethylases mediate the histone or genomic DNA modifications.Herein,we comprehensively describe the functions of the histone demethylase family including the lysine-specific demethylase family,the Jumonji C-domain-containing demethylase family,and the histone arginine demethylase family,and fully discuss their regulatory mechanisms related to cancer drug resistance.In addition,therapeutic strategies,including small-molecule inhibitors and small interfering RNA targeting histone demethylases to overcome drug resistance,are also described.

Suppression or knockout of SaF/SaM overcomes the Sa-mediated hybrid male sterility in rice

Hybrids between the indica and japonica subspecies of rice （Oryza sativa） are usually sterile, which hinders utilization of heterosis in the inter-subspecific hybrid breeding. The complex locus Sa comprises two adjacently located genes, SaF and SaM, which interact to cause abortion of pollen grains carrying the japonica allele in japonica-indica hybrids. Here we showed that silencing of SaF or SaM by RNA interference restored male fertility in indica-japonica hybrids with heterozygous Sa. We further used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）/Cas9-based genome editing to knockout the SaF and SaM alleles, respectively, of an indica rice line to create hybrid-compatible lines. The resultant artificial neutral alleles did not affect pollen viability and other agricultural traits, but did break down the reproductive barrier in the hybrids. We found that some rice lines have natural neutral allele Sa-n, which was compatible with the typical japonica or indica Sa alleles in hybrids. Our results demonstrate that SaF and SaM are required for hybrid male sterility, but are not essential for pollen development. This study provides effective approaches for the generation of hybrid-compatible lines by knocking out the Sa locus or using the natural Sa-n allele to overcome hybrid male sterility in rice breeding.

Robotic distal pancreatectomy: can results overcome cost-effectiveness prejudices?

Pancreas surgery was historically considered the most challenging type of surgery for surgeons all over the world.It is related to higher morbidity and mortality rates as compared to other surgical procedures and survival rates for pancreatic adenocarcinoma are still disappointing(1).

Tunable spatial-frequency-shift 3D nanoscopy with chip compatibility overcomes the diffraction limit of the linear optical imaging system

The superresolution microscopy that broadens the detection range in the spatial frequency domain through the spatialfrequency-shift(SFS)effect[1-5]shows intriguing advantages including a large field of view,high speed,and good modularity.Significantly,it captures pictures in the wide-field mode and allows a universal implementation without using special fluorophores labeling.To enable the sub-diffraction resolution in the SFS microscopy,it is essential to use the evanescent wave illumination with a large wave vector,which can be built on the integrated photonic configuration,paving the way for a compact nanoscopy on a thin chip[6-8].However,the lack of an approach to actively tune the SFS value in a large range hampers the progress to achieve deep-subwavelength resolution through evanescent illumination with ultra-large wave vectors.When the wave vector of the illumination surpasses twice the cutoff frequency of the objective,a missing band exists between the shifted components and the zeroth component in the spatial frequency domain,which causes severe artifacts and a distortion in the image.As a result,the resolution of current linear SFS microscopy has been restricted less than thrice the Abbe diffraction limit of the detection system.

All-in-one strategy: overcome the challenges in the device enlargement of perovskite solar cells

In recent years, perovskite solar cells(pero-SCs) have gained tremendous development with power conversion efficiency(PCE) reaching 25.7% [1]. Based on its low process cost and high efficiency, pero-SC is now considered a strong candidate for next-generation commercial photovoltaic technology.

Discovery of C19-9 as a novel non-RGD inhibitor of αvβ3 to overcome enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer

Dear Editor,The integrinαvβ3 receptor is a promising target for anticancer therapy.1,2 However,there are no effective marketed treatments targetingαvβ3.One possible limitation of Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic(RGD)-mimeticαvβ3 antagonists has been shown to cause partial agonism,which could induce major conformational changes that trigger paradoxical cell adhesion and angiogenesis.

Stabilization of MYC G-quadruplex DNA by ruthenium(II)complex overcomes imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells harboring T315I mutation

The key pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)is the formation of BCR-ABL fusion gene,encoding a 210 kDa Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase,which is crucial for the occurrence and development of CML.Imatinib(IM)is the first targeted anticancer drug approved by FDA for the treatment of CML;however,some patients,especially those in accelerated phase and blastic phase,develop primary or secondary drug resistance to IM.Particularly,the most challenging resistance is caused by T315I mutation of Bcr-Abl,which represents approximately 15%–20%of all acquired mutations and renders cell resistant to a variety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.1,2 Thus,there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies to overcome Bcr-Abl T315I-meidated IM resistance.

Vaccine engineering with mineral shell:A promising strategy to overcome preexisting immunity

With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,Prof.Tang Ruikang(唐睿康)from Zhejiang University,cooperated with Prof.Chen Ling from Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Prof.Qin Chengfeng from Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology,reported a biomimetic mineralization-based vaccine

The limitations of DNA-based approaches to species delimitation cannot be overcome by expanded sampling

Luo and Zhu(2022)write that“DNA-based integrative taxonomy”requires researchers to ensure they have sufficient sampling to justify the delimitation of a species.While we agree that sample size is an undeniably important aspect of species delimitation,this is neither unique to DNA-based approaches,nor sufficient on its own to address their limitations.As the authors also note,increasing sample size is not always practical.We would add that nor is it always necessary–many species are rare or narrow endemics(Willis&Undy Yule,1922)and the majority of new species are adequately described from only a few specimens(Goodwin et al.,2020).