基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统...基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统易发生振荡失稳现象。首先,建立了直驱风电场经MMC-HVDC并网送端系统的小扰动线性化模型,分析了风场有功输出对系统稳定性的影响。然后,建立了MMC及风机并网变流器交流侧dq阻抗模型,从阻抗角度揭示了送端系统振荡失稳机理。进一步,提出了基于MMC交流电压控制外环q轴附加阻尼的振荡抑制策略,可满足系统满功率范围内的运行稳定性要求。最后,基于全比例模型的仿真结果验证了所提振荡抑制策略的有效性。展开更多
针对不同类型电网互联时互联电力变换器IPC(interconnecting power converter)控制模式复杂、控制难度大等问题,提出一种用于互联多个高压直流和高压交流子电网的IPC新型电网形成GFM(grid-forming)控制方法。该方法利用模块化多电平变换...针对不同类型电网互联时互联电力变换器IPC(interconnecting power converter)控制模式复杂、控制难度大等问题,提出一种用于互联多个高压直流和高压交流子电网的IPC新型电网形成GFM(grid-forming)控制方法。该方法利用模块化多电平变换器MMC(modular multilevel converter)同时控制其AC和DC端电压,并提出2个双端口GFM MMC控制策略。针对单端口GFM控制和所提双端口GFM控制进行仿真对比,结果表明,与单端口GFM控制相比,双端口GFM控制方法对突发事件(如线路和发电机停运等)的处理更具弹性,且不需为电网中的IPC端口选择GFM或电网跟随GFL(grid-following)的控制方式。展开更多
The high-voltage direct current(HVDC)grid has been recognized as an effective solution for renewable energy integration.Currently,two main development trends for HVDC grids are being studied:a DC breaker based HVDC gr...The high-voltage direct current(HVDC)grid has been recognized as an effective solution for renewable energy integration.Currently,two main development trends for HVDC grids are being studied:a DC breaker based HVDC grid and fault-blocking converter based HVDC grid.Although the former has a perfect performance for fault clearance,its development is still highly constrained by the cost and maturity of DC breakers.The latter can extinguish DC faults by the fault-blocking converters.Without using DC breakers,there is no bottleneck in its technical feasibility.Nevertheless,in fault scenarios,such types of HVDC grids will be blocked at length for air-deionization,which is its main drawback.The aim of this paper is to minimize its power interruption time,by optimizing protection coordination strategies.To cover the most complex cases,the overhead line applications,in which the reclosure actions are required to be implemented,are considered.In this paper,the protection requirements of HVDC grids are first discussed,then the benefits of fault-blocking modular multilevel converters(MMCs)and their fault features are analyzed.Based on this,a control function is designed to reduce the air-deionization time.To minimize the influence of the DC faults,a separation methodology for restarting the system is proposed.The effectiveness of the proposed protection coordination schemes is validated by PSCAD/EMTDC simulations.展开更多
模块化多电平换流器型直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMCHVDC)和交流线路可为重要负荷双路供电,因此MMCHVDC需具备在联网运行状态和孤岛运行状态间稳定转换的能力。该文分析了MMC在联...模块化多电平换流器型直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMCHVDC)和交流线路可为重要负荷双路供电,因此MMCHVDC需具备在联网运行状态和孤岛运行状态间稳定转换的能力。该文分析了MMC在联网状态和孤岛状态间相互转换的过程,并设计了一种基于本地电气量的MMC控制模式切换策略。之后,对MMC无源供电控制器进行改进,设计了一种无需切换控制模式的MMC下垂控制策略。最后,通过PSCAD仿真对上述2种转换策略进行验证和比较,结果表明2种策略均能使MMC在联网状态和孤岛状态间稳定转换。2种策略各有优缺点,实际应用中MMC需依据具体的控制目标选取合适的策略。展开更多
随着电力电子技术的快速发展,直流概念在输配电以及新能源汇聚中的技术优势日益显现。用以匹配不同电压等级和接入直流设备,直流变压器是直流电网中的关键设备。将现有高效且可靠的隔离性双有源桥变换器(dual active bridge,DAB)中单开...随着电力电子技术的快速发展,直流概念在输配电以及新能源汇聚中的技术优势日益显现。用以匹配不同电压等级和接入直流设备,直流变压器是直流电网中的关键设备。将现有高效且可靠的隔离性双有源桥变换器(dual active bridge,DAB)中单开关扩展为子模块串联链,构建MMC直流变压器(modular multilevel converter based DC transformer,MMC-DCT),进一步采用准两电平调制以综合DAB和MMC优势,是满足直流电网需求的有效方案。然而,新能源接入对MMC-DCT的电压灵活度提出了新的要求。从直流侧看,MMC通常作为电压源变换器使用,当MMC-DCT的直流电压比与变压器变比不匹配时,交流侧无功和电流应力增加,导致效率降低。为克服MMC-DCT的上述缺陷,扩展电压灵活性,通过将MMC桥臂电感改为耦合电感,该文提出了MMC-DCT电流源运行模式,随着直流电压变化,所提出的控制算法可以维持子模块电压应力不变。同时,电流源运行增加了交流侧近似方波电压的上升和下降边沿阶梯数,进一步降低du/dt和隔离变绝缘应力。仿真和实验结果验证了所提电流源运行方式的有效性。展开更多
文摘基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统易发生振荡失稳现象。首先,建立了直驱风电场经MMC-HVDC并网送端系统的小扰动线性化模型,分析了风场有功输出对系统稳定性的影响。然后,建立了MMC及风机并网变流器交流侧dq阻抗模型,从阻抗角度揭示了送端系统振荡失稳机理。进一步,提出了基于MMC交流电压控制外环q轴附加阻尼的振荡抑制策略,可满足系统满功率范围内的运行稳定性要求。最后,基于全比例模型的仿真结果验证了所提振荡抑制策略的有效性。
文摘The high-voltage direct current(HVDC)grid has been recognized as an effective solution for renewable energy integration.Currently,two main development trends for HVDC grids are being studied:a DC breaker based HVDC grid and fault-blocking converter based HVDC grid.Although the former has a perfect performance for fault clearance,its development is still highly constrained by the cost and maturity of DC breakers.The latter can extinguish DC faults by the fault-blocking converters.Without using DC breakers,there is no bottleneck in its technical feasibility.Nevertheless,in fault scenarios,such types of HVDC grids will be blocked at length for air-deionization,which is its main drawback.The aim of this paper is to minimize its power interruption time,by optimizing protection coordination strategies.To cover the most complex cases,the overhead line applications,in which the reclosure actions are required to be implemented,are considered.In this paper,the protection requirements of HVDC grids are first discussed,then the benefits of fault-blocking modular multilevel converters(MMCs)and their fault features are analyzed.Based on this,a control function is designed to reduce the air-deionization time.To minimize the influence of the DC faults,a separation methodology for restarting the system is proposed.The effectiveness of the proposed protection coordination schemes is validated by PSCAD/EMTDC simulations.
文摘模块化多电平换流器型直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMCHVDC)和交流线路可为重要负荷双路供电,因此MMCHVDC需具备在联网运行状态和孤岛运行状态间稳定转换的能力。该文分析了MMC在联网状态和孤岛状态间相互转换的过程,并设计了一种基于本地电气量的MMC控制模式切换策略。之后,对MMC无源供电控制器进行改进,设计了一种无需切换控制模式的MMC下垂控制策略。最后,通过PSCAD仿真对上述2种转换策略进行验证和比较,结果表明2种策略均能使MMC在联网状态和孤岛状态间稳定转换。2种策略各有优缺点,实际应用中MMC需依据具体的控制目标选取合适的策略。
文摘随着电力电子技术的快速发展,直流概念在输配电以及新能源汇聚中的技术优势日益显现。用以匹配不同电压等级和接入直流设备,直流变压器是直流电网中的关键设备。将现有高效且可靠的隔离性双有源桥变换器(dual active bridge,DAB)中单开关扩展为子模块串联链,构建MMC直流变压器(modular multilevel converter based DC transformer,MMC-DCT),进一步采用准两电平调制以综合DAB和MMC优势,是满足直流电网需求的有效方案。然而,新能源接入对MMC-DCT的电压灵活度提出了新的要求。从直流侧看,MMC通常作为电压源变换器使用,当MMC-DCT的直流电压比与变压器变比不匹配时,交流侧无功和电流应力增加,导致效率降低。为克服MMC-DCT的上述缺陷,扩展电压灵活性,通过将MMC桥臂电感改为耦合电感,该文提出了MMC-DCT电流源运行模式,随着直流电压变化,所提出的控制算法可以维持子模块电压应力不变。同时,电流源运行增加了交流侧近似方波电压的上升和下降边沿阶梯数,进一步降低du/dt和隔离变绝缘应力。仿真和实验结果验证了所提电流源运行方式的有效性。
文摘随着模块化多电平换流器(modularmultilevel converters,MMC)在架空线直流输电和柔性直流电网中的广泛应用,直流线路故障清除问题越来越突出,如何实现直流线路故障的快速清除成为制约MMC柔性直流电网发展的关键问题之一。作为直接有效的解决方案,混合高压直流断路器(direct current circuit breaker,DCCB)还不够成熟,高速大开断容量DCCB的研制仍有困难。文中通过挖掘和利用MMC控制的灵活性,提出一种适用于架空线半桥型MMC柔性直流电网的源网配合自适应故障清除方案。在直流故障期间,该方案利用MMC调压控制策略减少源侧子模块投入数量,降低换流器桥臂单元输出电压,并与网侧断路器预充电电容电压自适应配合,使MMC桥臂单元输出电压小于预充电电容电压,利用电压差使故障电流迅速下降至零,达到切断故障电流并清除故障的目的。首先介绍所提故障清除方案中源侧MMC调压控制原理和网侧断路器拓扑结构,然后分析该方案的工作原理,并推导该方案下半桥型MMC的直流故障电流计算方程,给出调压控制器控制系数和网侧断路器元件参数设计方法,最后在PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真平台上搭建基于半桥型MMC的四端柔性直流电网模型,对所提故障清除方案的有效性进行仿真验证。