Overhead lines are the backbone of the electrical power transmission.Contrary to the distributions networks,the transmission system consists only in exceptional cases of longer cable lines.Typical exceptions are conne...Overhead lines are the backbone of the electrical power transmission.Contrary to the distributions networks,the transmission system consists only in exceptional cases of longer cable lines.Typical exceptions are connections of cavern power plants,approaches to airports or bird sanctuaries and lines in urban centres.In the majority of cases,an overhead line is the most economic and practicable solution for the energy transmission.In tourism regions,an overhead line will be seen as impairment of nature or landscape and so the approval chain and procedure is in most countries long-winded and circumstantial.At the other hand,the energy consumption in Europe is growing and the volatility of transmitted power is also increasing during the last decade caused by the opening of the electric energy market.This opening process leads to a stopping of the enlargement of the interoperation network and to a minimisation of the maintenance of existing lines.Today the network operates more often at the limit of the equipment and the small and large-areas disturbances and blackouts are increasing.The operators of transmission lines are forced to ensure the electrical power supply and so they have to improve the reliability of the network.One solution is to monitor the critical(heavy loaded)overhead lines.For example,with the knowledge of the thermal condition,the risk of unexpected outages can be reduced.Today several monitoring systems are available on the market.They differ in the principle and techniques of the condition evaluation.The three most interesting output variables are the line temperature,the capable transmission power and the actual sag of the investigated section.In this paper an overview of existing overhead line monitoring system and also an outline over the usage and benefit for the application will be given.Thermal monitoring is one technique to improve the reliability of the network and for increasing or optimising the capable transmission power.展开更多
基于鱼礁概念,提出一种新型四棱台透水框架结构,并开展系列水槽试验,利用剖面流速仪ADCP(acoustic doppler current profilers)测量四棱台透水框架防护区周围流场结构,分析架空率对透水框架周围水流结构的影响,研究四棱台透水框架对防...基于鱼礁概念,提出一种新型四棱台透水框架结构,并开展系列水槽试验,利用剖面流速仪ADCP(acoustic doppler current profilers)测量四棱台透水框架防护区周围流场结构,分析架空率对透水框架周围水流结构的影响,研究四棱台透水框架对防护区周围的水动力特性影响。试验结果表明:四棱台透水框架防护后水流上下速度分布差异更为明显,框架层流速显著减小,且流速减小幅度随架空率的减小而增大;紊动强度分布出现拐点,拐点位置与架空率具有明显的相关性,紊动强度随架空率的减小而增大;防护区内部近底处存在紊动收敛区域,其紊动强度随架空率减小而减小。展开更多
文摘Overhead lines are the backbone of the electrical power transmission.Contrary to the distributions networks,the transmission system consists only in exceptional cases of longer cable lines.Typical exceptions are connections of cavern power plants,approaches to airports or bird sanctuaries and lines in urban centres.In the majority of cases,an overhead line is the most economic and practicable solution for the energy transmission.In tourism regions,an overhead line will be seen as impairment of nature or landscape and so the approval chain and procedure is in most countries long-winded and circumstantial.At the other hand,the energy consumption in Europe is growing and the volatility of transmitted power is also increasing during the last decade caused by the opening of the electric energy market.This opening process leads to a stopping of the enlargement of the interoperation network and to a minimisation of the maintenance of existing lines.Today the network operates more often at the limit of the equipment and the small and large-areas disturbances and blackouts are increasing.The operators of transmission lines are forced to ensure the electrical power supply and so they have to improve the reliability of the network.One solution is to monitor the critical(heavy loaded)overhead lines.For example,with the knowledge of the thermal condition,the risk of unexpected outages can be reduced.Today several monitoring systems are available on the market.They differ in the principle and techniques of the condition evaluation.The three most interesting output variables are the line temperature,the capable transmission power and the actual sag of the investigated section.In this paper an overview of existing overhead line monitoring system and also an outline over the usage and benefit for the application will be given.Thermal monitoring is one technique to improve the reliability of the network and for increasing or optimising the capable transmission power.
文摘基于鱼礁概念,提出一种新型四棱台透水框架结构,并开展系列水槽试验,利用剖面流速仪ADCP(acoustic doppler current profilers)测量四棱台透水框架防护区周围流场结构,分析架空率对透水框架周围水流结构的影响,研究四棱台透水框架对防护区周围的水动力特性影响。试验结果表明:四棱台透水框架防护后水流上下速度分布差异更为明显,框架层流速显著减小,且流速减小幅度随架空率的减小而增大;紊动强度分布出现拐点,拐点位置与架空率具有明显的相关性,紊动强度随架空率的减小而增大;防护区内部近底处存在紊动收敛区域,其紊动强度随架空率减小而减小。
