Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity,Associated Behaviors,and Weight-related Perceptions in a National Survey of Primary School Children in China

Objective To in vestigate potential gender differences in the odds of overweight/obese, weight-related perceptions, and behaviors among Chinese school children. Methods Height, weight, and a survey of weight-related perceptions and behaviors were measured in a nationally representative survey of 12,811 children in primary schools in China. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess gender differences, adjusting for confounders. Results Boys had higher odds of being overweight/obese compared to girls within both urban [adjusted odds ratio （OR） 2.30, 95% CI 2.00 to 2.65] and rural areas （OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.20）. Girls reported healthier diets （e.g., daily vegetables OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.85） whereas boys consumed fried food （OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.38） and sugar-sweetened drinks more often （OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.65）. Gender differences included higher odds of boys perceiving themselves as overweight if they had more highly educated mothers （OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.68）, less educated fathers （OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.99）, and if they frequently consumed carbonated drinks （OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.05）. Conclusion Childhood obesity prevention in China should be gender-focused, particularly for boys who reported an unhealthier diet but were less likely to see they were fat, even though more boys were overweight or obese than girls.

Serum resistin and adiponectin concentrations in patients with overweight and obesity

Objective:To explore the serum levels of resistin and adiponectin in patients with overweight and obesity.Methods:Fifty-eight cases with normal weight and 24 patients with overweight and obesity have taken fasting blood samples for measurements of plasma glucose,plasma lipids,insulin,C-peptide, thyroid hormones,C-response protein,interleukin-6,TNF-α,leptin,adiponectin and resistin.Results: The concentrations of resistin in cases with overweight and obesity were significant higher than those in the normal weight cases (16.01±8.60 vs 11.63±9.05ng/ml,P=0.047).Pearson relation analysis showed that serum resistin concentrations were positively correlated with age (r=0.476,P=0.019),but negatively correlated with C-peptide (r=-0.45,P=0.024),and adiponectin concentrations were posi- tively correlated with HDL-c (r=0.463,P=0.023) and systolic blood pressure (r=0.409,P=0.047)in overweight and obesity cases.Conclusion:The concentrations of resistin in cases with over-weight and obesity are higher,and there is no correlation between resistin and blood glucose,blood lipids and insulin, while the serum adiponectin concentrations positively correlated with HDL-c and systolic blood pressure.

Lifestyle Characterization in Mexican Teenagers: Healthy Weight against Overweight and Obesity

Objective: Currently Mexico is one of the 1st places in overweight and obesity in teenagers;the health and nutrition national survey in 2018, expresses a 41.1% of women in teenager’s population and a 35.8% in men. To analyze teenagers’ lifestyles with healthy weight against overweight and obesity. Method: Descriptive, transverse, analytic and comparative, a non-probabilistic sampling distributed up to convenience in 2 groups of cases and controls, with 50 teenagers diagnosed with overweight and obesity and 50 teenagers with healthy weight, in a 12 to 15 years old age range;for previous informed consent, the survey Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II was applied to measure the lifestyles in 6 dimensions. The analysis got a standard deviation and the association of variables U of Mann-Whitney for independent samples. Results: In both teenagers’ groups male gender prevailed with a 76%, the result in teenagers’ group was identified, an average lifestyle with the dimensions of: interpersonal relationships, feeding, physical activity, stress management and spiritual growth and a low level in the dimension of health responsibility. There is a meaningful difference in the variables association in the spiritual growth lifestyle. Conclusions: The evaluation of both groups is similar to an average score;this shows that there is a risk to unleash overweight, obesity and complications in the adult age of the teenager.

Epidemiologic surve of Overweight and obesity among residents aged≥60 years in ronggui community

Objectives To investigate prevalence of overweight and obesity among residents aged 3≥60 years in ronggui community.Methods 1372 ones(570 males,802 females,68.03±6.62 years) Of total 1503 residents aged≥60 years in the 2 villages which were randomly exampled in rong-gui community were investigated.857 ones aged among 60-69 years(62.5%),416 ones aged among 70-79 years (30.3%),99 ones aged≥60 years(7.2%).Investigative items included age,sex,body height,body weight,waist circumference(WC),hip circumference(HC)、fasting plasma glucose(FG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),blood pressure,history of past illness,body mass index(BMI),waist hip ratio(WHR) and waist height ratio(WHtR).Results (1)Of total 1372 residents,the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 39.4%.Prevalence of overweight, obesity were 29.4%,10.0%respectively.Prevalence of overweight, obesity of male were 30.8%,6.0%,and female, 28.5%,12.8%respectively.Prevalence of overweight,obesity of residents aged 60-69 years were 31.2%,11.3%,70-79 years were 27.0%,9.1%and≥80 years were 25.2%,2.0% respectively.The difference between male and female、among three age groups were not significant.(2)Of total 1372 residents, prevalence of central adiposity were 34.6%,male was 15.9%and female was 52.4%,female signifleanfly higher than male(P【0.01).(3)The FG^TG.SBP^DBP of residents with overweight、obesity or central adiposity were higher than residents with normal weight or WC(P【0.01).(4)By Pearson correlation analysis,we found that overweight、obesity and central adiposity were obviously correlated with FG、TG、SBP、DBP(P【0.01),were not correlated with TC(P】0.05). Conclusions(1)Of total 1372 residents,the combined preva- lence of overweight and obesity was 39.4%,prevalence of overweight,obesity were 29.4%,10.0%respectively,prevalence of central adiposity were 34.6%,female was 52.4%, female signifleanfly higher than male.(2)overweight.obesity and central adiposity were obviously correlated with FG,TG, SBP,DBP.

An association between overweight and obesity and dietary sugar intake among adults in China

Objective:The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between total dietary sugar and overweight and obesity in North China.Methods:A total of 1,074 permanent residents of Baoding,China aged 18-65 were selected by cluster random sampling method.Relevant information was collected by questionnaires.A multiple logistics regression model was used to analyze the relationship between total dietary sugar intake and obesity-related indicators.Results:The average dietary sugar intake of residents aged between 18 and 65 in Baoding was 34.6 g per day.The average dietary total sugar intake of men was lower than that of women(28.5 g vs.37.4 g).The combined detection rate of overweight and obesity was 68.1%.After adjusting variables such as age,gender,education level,smoking,and energy intake,it was found that excessive dietary sugar intake may be a risk factor for overweight[OR(95%CI)=1.382(1.014,1.889)]and obesity[OR(95%CI):1.490(1.112,2.002)]in men.In women,only dietary sugar intake was found to be a risk factor for overweight[OR(95%CI):1.616(1.001,2.625)].Conclusion:The intake level of dietary sugar of adults in the Baoding area is high,and the problem of overweight and obesity is serious.The level of dietary total sugar intake may be a risk factor for overweight and obesity,but there are gender differences.

Overweight/Obesity in University Students from Mexico: Comparison Using Different Indices

The goal was to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR), and relative fat mas (RFM), to identify the best predictor of overweight and obesity in university students from Mexico. This is a cross-sectional survey with 697 university students from northern and central Mexico (448 women, and 249 men aged 18 - 19 years). Data was collected during 2018. Overweight and obesity were calculated from those indices and for both, female and male students, the order of correlation between a pair of indices were WHtR vs. RFM > WHtR vs. WC > RFM vs. WC > WHtR vs. BMI > BMI vs. WC > RFM vs. BMI. It is concluded to use the WHtR and the RFM to better predict overweight and obesity in young Mexican university students.

Waist Circumference Distribution of Chinese School-age Children and Adolescents

Background Waist circumference （WC）, a proxy measure of central body fat, is a better predictor than overall body fat for cardiovascular risk factors in both adults and children. WC cutoffs have been established in many countries, but the national WC reference has not been developed in China. Objective To study the distribution of WC in a representative group of Chinese children for establishing Chinese WC cutoff points. Methods Cross-sectional data obtained from 15 mainland provinces and Hong Kong were collected. There were 160 225 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old in total. The subjects were divided into five regional groups namely costal city, other city, noah rural, south rural, and Hong Kong, for analyzing the distribution of WC. Results A large variation in WC distribution was found among the five groups for both sexes. Coastal city group had the highest P85 WC values consistently from the early school ages to 18-year-old compared with other groups. In contrast, south rural group had P85 values consistently lagged behind not only the city groups but also the north rural group. Hong Kong group had a high P85 WC at early ages, but because of the smaller increments of WC during adolescence, the P85 curve was gradually exceeded by the north rural groups. Catch-up trend was found in the two rural groups since the peak of puberty. These disparities were caused by not only socioeconomic and urban-rural factors but also north-south differences. Because of the regional variation of WC, a ＂gradient＂ prevalence of central obesity was prospected among these groups. Comparisons of WC distributions between the Chinese and the U.S.A or Netherlands demonstrated the necessary of setting up China＇s own WC cutoffs. Sex and age-specific percentiles were obtained and smoothed by using LMS method. Conclusion The data obtained from this study could be used to develop national WC cutoff points for Chinese children and adolescents.

“Quito municipal schools” cohort study: Baseline results

The lack of population-level data on growth and development of children and adolescents in Ecuador, and the existence of previous data suggesting an alarming increase in the numbers of children presenting overweight or obesity justifies the present cohort study which includes all pupils of municipal schools of Quito aged 9 to 17 years. Follow-up will continue for a minimum of 7 years. This will allow determining the evolution of prevalence of these phenomena and their trends as well as other indices, both physiological and family-related customs, in order to plan appropriate preventive interventions. The present cross-sectional study includes 21 municipal schools, grouped into four health zones, each of which depends on a health centre, also municipal, and which are responsible for the health of pupils in these schools. Of the 6964 pupils studied, 18.7% suffer overweight and 7.9% obesity: 19.3% and 9.7% respectively in boys, compared to 18.2% and 5.4% in girls. The study also assesses family characteristics, degree of sedentarism and nutritional habits: 62.3% declared living in a nuclear family, and 60.5% declared their families to be in the “adolescent” life-cycle stage;91.9% of pupils were sedentary while 5.4% (CI95% 4.87 - 5.94) reported not eating breakfast every day.

Associations of Prepregnancy Body Mass Index,Gestational Weight Gain,and Intelligence in Offspring:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective:Increasing evidences have shown that prepregnancy maternal weight and gestational weight gain(GWG)may associate with offspring’s neurodevelopment.However,the effects of prepregnancy maternal overweight,obesity,and excessive GWG on offspring’s intelligence remain controversial.This meta-analysis aimed to re-assess the association between prepregnancy body mass index(BMI),GWG,and children’s intelligence.Methods:We systematically searched multiple databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Ovid Medline,from their inception through February 2021.Studies assessing the association between prepregnancy BMI or GWG and children’s intelligence were further screened manually before final inclusion.Cohorts that analyzed the association between prepregnancy BMI or GWG and intelligence of offspring were included,and we used the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects method to compute the weighted mean difference(WMD)and 95%confidence interval(CI)of each study.Results:A total of 12 articles were included in this systematic review,while six of them in the meta-analysis.There was a significant full-scale IQ reduction in children born from overweight and obese mothers,with WMDs of-3.08(95%CI:-4.02,-2.14)and-4.91(95%CI:-6.40,-3.42),respectively.Compared with control group,the WMDs for performance and verbal intelligence quotient(IQ)were decreased in overweight and obesity groups.However,we observed no association between children’s full-scale IQ and excessive GWG with WMD of-0.14(95%CI:-0.92,0.65).Conclusions:Women’s prepregnancy overweight and obesity adversely associate with children’s intelligence but no association with excessive GWG.Our study suggests that further researches focusing on the effect of prepregnancy maternal health on offspring’s intelligence development are needed.