AIM:To evaluate the relationship of overweight and obesity with retinal and choroidal thickness in adults without ocular symptoms by swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT).METHODS:According to the body mass...AIM:To evaluate the relationship of overweight and obesity with retinal and choroidal thickness in adults without ocular symptoms by swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT).METHODS:According to the body mass index(BMI)results,the adults enrolled in the cross-sectional study were divided into the normal group(18.50≤BMI<25.00 kg/m^(2)),the overweight group(25.00≤BMI<30.00 kg/m^(2)),and the obesity group(BMI≥30.00 kg/m^(2)).The one-way ANOVA and the Chi-square test were used for comparisons.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the measured variables.RESULTS:This research covered the left eyes of 3 groups of 434 age-and sex-matched subjects each:normal,overweight,and obesity.The mean BMI was 22.20±1.67,26.82±1.38,and 32.21±2.35 kg/m^(2) in normal,overweight and obesity groups,respectively.The choroid was significantly thinner in both the overweight and obesity groups compared to the normal group(P<0.05 for all),while the retinal thickness of the three groups did not differ significantly.Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that BMI was significantly negatively correlated with choroidal thickness,but no significant correlation was observed between BMI and retinal thickness.CONCLUSION:Choroidal thickness is decreased in people with overweight or obesity.Research on changes in choroidal thickness contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of certain ocular disorders in overweight and obese adults.展开更多
BACKGROUND Overweight/obesity combined with depression among children and adolescents(ODCA)is a global concern.The bidirectional relationship between depression and overweight/obesity often leads to their comorbidity....BACKGROUND Overweight/obesity combined with depression among children and adolescents(ODCA)is a global concern.The bidirectional relationship between depression and overweight/obesity often leads to their comorbidity.Childhood and adolescence represent critical periods for physical and psychological development,during which the comorbidity of overweight/obesity and depression may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes.AIM To evaluate the relationship between ODCA,we conduct a bibliometric analysis to aid in formulating prevention and treatment strategies.METHODS From 2004 to 2023,articles related to ODCA were selected using the Science Citation Index Expanded from the Web of Science Core Collection.Bibliometric analysis of relevant publications,including countries/regions,institutions,authors,journals,references,and keywords,was conducted using the online bibliometric analysis platforms,CiteSpace,VOSviewer,and bibliometrix.RESULTS Between 2004 and 2023,a total of 1573 articles were published on ODCA.The United States has made leading contributions in this field,with Harvard University emerging as the leading contributor in terms of research output,and Tanofsky being the most prolific author.The J Adolescent Health has shown significant activity in this domain.Based on the results of the keyword and reference analyses,inequality,adverse childhood experiences,and comorbidities have become hot topics in ODCA.Moreover,the impact of balancedrelated behavior and exploration of the biological mechanisms,including the potential role of key adipocytokines and lipokines,as well as inflammation in ODCA,have emerged as frontier topics.CONCLUSION The trend of a significant increase in ODCA publications is expected to continue.The research findings will contribute to elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of ODCA and its prevention and treatment.展开更多
Background:Mushrooms are a good source of many nutrients which are potentially beneficial for chronic diseases.We speculated that due to its abundant nutrients edible mushrooms might have a beneficial effect on the pr...Background:Mushrooms are a good source of many nutrients which are potentially beneficial for chronic diseases.We speculated that due to its abundant nutrients edible mushrooms might have a beneficial effect on the prevention of subclinical thyroid dysfunction(SCTD).Therefore,we designed a large-scale cohort study to examine whether mushrooms consumption is a protective factor for SCTD in adults.Methods:This prospective cohort study investigated 6631 participants(mean age:(45.0±10.2)years;55.1%men).Edible mushrooms consumption was measured at baseline using a validated food frequency questionnaire.SCTD was defined as abnormal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and normal free thyroxine.Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of edible mushrooms consumption with incident SCTD.Results:During follow-up period,a total of 262 new cases of SCTD were identified,the incidence rate of subclinical hypothyroidism was 8.9/1000 person-years and subclinical hyperthyroidism was 7.2/1000 person-years.After adjusting potential confounding factors,the multivariable hazard ratios(95%confidence intervals)for subclinical hypothyroidism were 1.00(reference)for almost never,0.53(0.29,0.97)for 1-3 times/week and 0.30(0.10,0.87)for≥4 times/week(P for trend=0.02).It also showed edible mushrooms consumption was inversely associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in obese individuals but not non-obese individuals,the final hazard ratios(95%confidence intervals)were 0.14(0.03,0.73)(P for trend<0.01).Conclusions:This population-based prospective cohort study has firstly demonstrated that higher edible mushrooms consumption was significantly associated with lower incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism among general adult population,especially in obese individuals.展开更多
Introduction: Obesity and overweight are a public health problem. The general objective was to determine the epidemiological aspects of obesity, overweight and associated risk factors in a semi-urban environment. Pati...Introduction: Obesity and overweight are a public health problem. The general objective was to determine the epidemiological aspects of obesity, overweight and associated risk factors in a semi-urban environment. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted on November 28 and 29, 2023 in Sébikotane. It focused on volunteers for screening for chronic non-communicable diseases. Epidemiological and clinical data were evaluated. Results: One hundred and twenty-nine cases of obesity were recorded (28%). Two hundred and eighty-two cases were overweight or obese (61.3%). The mean age was 49.55 years, with a standard deviation of 12.41 years. The age group [40 - 49 years] was the most representative, with 85 cases (30.1%), and the majority were female, with 264 cases (93.6%). Primary education was the most common, with 75 cases (46.3%). Grade 1 obesity concerned ninety-seven cases (75.2%), and diabetes was present in thirty cases (23%). Hypertension was present in ninety-five cases (33.7%). Obesity was more marked in the age group [40 - 49 years] with 45 cases (36%). Conclusion: Obesity and overweight are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The development and implementation of a prevention and management program is essential.展开更多
Context: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps restore the health status of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Likewise, it increases the risk of overweight/obesity and related comorbidities among the recipients. In countri...Context: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps restore the health status of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Likewise, it increases the risk of overweight/obesity and related comorbidities among the recipients. In countries like Botswana where ±84% of PLHIV is on ART, the paucity of data comparing overweight/obesity between HIV-positive on ART and HIV-negative patients may impede clinical and policy decision-making. This study sought to estimate and compare: i) the prevalence of overweight/obesity between HIV-positive on ART and HIV-negative patients;ii) the prevalence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM)/coronary heart disease (CHD) between HIV-positive patients on ART and HIV-negative patients attending same outpatient departments of general clinics in Gaborone, Botswana. Patients and Methods: Five hundred eighty-one (581) outpatients were recruited in four major clinics of Gaborone, Botswana, between June and July 2019;294 or 51% of them were HIV-negative and 287 or 49% were HIV-positive on ART. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and of HTN and DM/CHD were calculated and examined using stratified analysis. Subgroups were compared using Chi-square analysis with Yates correction or Fisher exact test and t-student test for continuous data. Results: Major findings after stratification of the study population by HIV status were: i) the prevalence of all categories of (BMI), including overweight/obesity, were comparable between HIV-negative-patients and HIV-positive. In fact, there were 24 (8.0%) cases of underweight among HIV-negative-Patients and 15(5%) cases among HIV-positive patients, p = 0.2;145 (49%) HIV-negative-patients and 128 (45%) HIV-positive, p = 0.07 cases of normal weight;72 (25%) HIV-negative-patients and 87 (30%) HIV-positive, p = 0.08, were overweight;53 (18%) HIV-negative-patients and 57 (20%) HIV-positive, p = 0.12, were obese;125 (43%) HIV-negative patients and 144 (50%) HIV-positive, p=0.06 were overweight/obese;ii) the prevalence of HTN and DM/CHD among HIV-positive-patients were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to HIV-negative patients: There were 32 (10.9%) cases of HTN among HIV-negative patients compared to 18 (6.3%) cases of HTN among HIV-positive patients, p = 0.001;32 (11%) cases of DM/CHD HIV-negative patients compared to 4 (1.4%) cases of DM/CHD among HIV-positive patients, p = 0.001. Conclusion: the prevalence of overweight/obesity observed between HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients may suggest that the two groups shared the same exposure factors. That HTN and DM/CHD prevalence was lower among HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative patients, is possibly due to interplay factors of ART, HIV or the host population. Further studies are, however, recommended for clarifications.展开更多
The goal was to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR), and relative fat mas (RFM), to identify the best predictor of overweight and obesity in university students from M...The goal was to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR), and relative fat mas (RFM), to identify the best predictor of overweight and obesity in university students from Mexico. This is a cross-sectional survey with 697 university students from northern and central Mexico (448 women, and 249 men aged 18 - 19 years). Data was collected during 2018. Overweight and obesity were calculated from those indices and for both, female and male students, the order of correlation between a pair of indices were WHtR vs. RFM > WHtR vs. WC > RFM vs. WC > WHtR vs. BMI > BMI vs. WC > RFM vs. BMI. It is concluded to use the WHtR and the RFM to better predict overweight and obesity in young Mexican university students.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,the lack of comparative studies between weekly and daily formulations of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for glucose excursion is worth investigation.AIM To investigate the effe...BACKGROUND Currently,the lack of comparative studies between weekly and daily formulations of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for glucose excursion is worth investigation.AIM To investigate the effects of weekly and daily formulations of GLP-1RA on glucose excursion and inflammation in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes.METHODS Seventy patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis.All patients were treated with metformin.We evaluated changes in blood glucose levels and a series of important indicators in patients before and after treatment with either a weekly or daily preparation of GLP-1RA(group A;n=33 and group B;n=37).RESULTS The degree of decrease in the levels of fasting blood glucose,mean blood glucose,mean amplitude of glycemic excursions,total cholesterol,triglycerides,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after treatment in group A was higher than that in group B(P<0.05),whereas the 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels decreased more so in group B than in group A(P<0.001).However,there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of glycated hemoglobin,standard deviation of blood glucose,coefficient of variation,absolute mean of daily differences,percentage of time with 3.9 mmol/L<glucose<10 mmol/L,and high-and low-density lipoproteins between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in group A than in group B(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The effect of the weekly preparation of GLP-1RA in controlling blood glucose levels in the patients,suppressing inflammation,and reducing adverse reactions was significantly higher than that of the daily preparations,which is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
Accumulating evidence indicates that overweight and obesity are the major international public health concern. Obesity is a major independent risk factor for chronic diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, ca...Accumulating evidence indicates that overweight and obesity are the major international public health concern. Obesity is a major independent risk factor for chronic diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and certain cancer. Disease burden due to obesity has been dramatically increasing in many countries including China in the past years. According to the Nationwide Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), the prevalence of overweight and obesity among men and women in China increased by 27.6% and 8.8%, respectively, from 1993 to 2009.展开更多
Background: The obesity rate is rising. The aims of this study were to elucidate the connection among body image disturbance and dissatisfaction, scorn and stigma in severely obese individuals using a case-control met...Background: The obesity rate is rising. The aims of this study were to elucidate the connection among body image disturbance and dissatisfaction, scorn and stigma in severely obese individuals using a case-control method. Method: The study group consisted of 112 individuals receiving permanent disability pensions primarily for obesity. The controls were selected by random sampling. The controls were matched with the subjects by place of residence, gender, age, the time since the pension was granted and occupation. Psychiatric interviews and psychological assessments were conducted with all participants. The results were analyzed via chi-squared tests (χ2-tests) and percent distributions. The subject and control groups were compared via paired t-tests. Conditional logistic regression analysis was also conducted. Results: In the Draw a Person test, we found disorganization of the body image to some degree in the subject group. Some significant differences were found between the Machover index and the wholeness index. The Rorschach variables obtained some differences in the responses between the subject and control groups. Obesity was a problem in all age groups. In the study group, half of the participants thought that they were obese. Most of the participants had endured scorn and contempt directed at them due to being overweight. Conclusions: We believe that our study provides a novel and necessary overview of the connection among body image disturbance and dissatisfaction, scorn and stigma.展开更多
AIM: To shed some light on the relationship between anti-apoptotic serum Bcl-2 concentrations and metabolic status, anthropometric parameters, inflammation indi- ces, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity we...AIM: To shed some light on the relationship between anti-apoptotic serum Bcl-2 concentrations and metabolic status, anthropometric parameters, inflammation indi- ces, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity were investigated in 43 young individuals with fatty liver (FL) and 41 with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: Circulating levels of Bcl-2 were detected in 84 patients with ultrasonographic findings of "bright liver" and/or hyper-transaminasemia of unknown origin and/or increase in T-glutamyl-transpeptidase (T-GT) strictly in the absence of other acute or chronic liver disease, whose age was not advanced, who gave consent to liver biopsy and were then divided on the basis of the histological results into two groups (43 with FL and 41 with NASH). Twenty lean subjects, apparently healthy and young, were chosen as controls.RESULTS: Serum Bcl-2 concentrations were significantly higher in the FL group than in the NASH group. Insulin resistance and γ-GT activity were significantly higher in NASH subjects. Apoptotic hepatocytes were significantly more numerous in NASH patients. NASH patients presented with larger spleens and augmented C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations than healthy subjects. Steatosis grade at histology was similar in both NASH and FL populations. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly related to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein values in FL patients. Bcl-2 serum levels positively correlated to body mass index (BMI) values (P ~ 0.0001) but not to age of the population. Triglycerides/HDL ratio correlated well to waist circumference in males (P = 0.0008). γ-GT activity was associated with homeostatic metabolic assessment (HOMA) (P = 0.0003) and with serum ferritin (P = 0.02). Bcl-2 concentrations were not related to either spleen size or CRP values. NASH patients pre- sented a weak negative correlation between Iobular inflammation and Bcl-2 levels. A prediction by low values of serum Bcl-2 towards a greater presence of metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese patients (MUOs) was evidenced. HOMA, BMI and uric acid, in that sequence, best predicted serum Bcl-2 concentrations. CONCLUSION: IvlUOs could be detected by Bcl-2 levels. By favoring the life span of hepatocytes, and enhancing triglyceride formation, the anti-apoptotic process inhibits free fatty acids toxicity in FL.展开更多
Active lifestyle and qualitative and quantitative diets are the best way to lose weight. In our study we have assessed the effectiveness and tolerability of a soluble powder rich in fibers and at low glycemic index an...Active lifestyle and qualitative and quantitative diets are the best way to lose weight. In our study we have assessed the effectiveness and tolerability of a soluble powder rich in fibers and at low glycemic index and used, with a portion of fresh fruit, as replacement meal (for a total calorie intake ranging from a minimum of about 130 kcal to a maximum of 260 kcal) in 52 overweight/obese subjects of the outpatient clinic of the Italian National Research Council (CNR) of Rome already in treatment with a low-fat low-carbohydrates qualitative diet. The study was a parallel, prospective trial of two randomized sample groups, “intervention” (26 subjects) and “control” (26 subjects). After 8 weeks, the treatment based on the replacement meal has improved the results obtained through the qualitative diet alone above all in the overweight subjects: 11/16, versus only 2/16 in the control group, became ranged within normal weight. On the contrary, the majority of obese subjects didn’t change their BMI classification suggesting that, in case of obesity, a controlled quantitative correction with weighing food portions could be a better strategy than low-calorie replacement meal.展开更多
AIM To assess the association between liver fat content(LFC) and weight status in young adults using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H MRS) technique.METHODSSeventy-eight healthy young adults, between 19-30 ye...AIM To assess the association between liver fat content(LFC) and weight status in young adults using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H MRS) technique.METHODSSeventy-eight healthy young adults, between 19-30 years of age participated in this study. This group was then separated into a control of 39 subjects and an overweight/obese group(OW/OB group) consisting of 39 subjects. Blood biochemical quantity and 1 H MRS was performed for LFC assessment.RESULTS LFC was found to be almost three times higher in OW/OB group when compared to the control group. A 48.7% incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the OW/OB group was found. Blood biochemical measurements showed statistically higher low-density lipoproteins and triglyceride, lower highdensity lipoproteins, and increased glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting glucose in the OW/OB group. Body mass index was a significant independent predictor for LFC after adjusting for age and sex(multiple linear regression; β = 0.459, P <0.001).CONCLUSION Due to the prevalence of high LFC in the OW/OB group, it can be proposed that weight gain and obesity are sensitive indicators of high hepatic fat content.展开更多
The study aimed to determine the relationships between the basal metabolic rate(BMR) and body composition of overweight and obese Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM). This cross-sectional clinical stu...The study aimed to determine the relationships between the basal metabolic rate(BMR) and body composition of overweight and obese Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM). This cross-sectional clinical study enrolled 193 Chinese adults with type 2 DM who were overweight(24 kg/m2≤BMI〈28 kg/m2, n=99), or obese(BMI ≥28 kg/m2, n=94). Ninety-seven adults with normal BMIs, including 50 DM patients and 47 healthy adults, were recruited as a control group. BMR was measured by indirect calorimetry; predicted BMR was calculated according to the Schofield equation; and the relationships between BMR, body composition, and biochemical results were determined by the Pearson correlation. The results showed that obese DM patients had significantly higher BMRs than both overweight patients(P〈0.05) and patients with normal BMI did(P〈0.05). The measured BMR was significantly lower than the predicted BMR(P〈0.05) in all groups. Obese and overweight DM patients had significantly greater weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, body surface area, body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat-free mass than patients with normal BMI. Except for waist circumference, these body composition measurements were significantly increased in obese DM patients when compared with those in overweight DM patients(P〈0.05). Fat-free mass was closely correlated with BMR in both DM patients(r=0.874, P〈0.01) and in healthy controls(r=0.902, P〈0.01). It was concluded that overweight and obese Chinese adults with type 2 DM had increased BMRs compared with normal-weight controls, which may result from the difference in fat-free mass.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of orlistat combined with drospirenone/ethinylestradiol tablets(DRSP/EE)on anthropometric indices,sexual hormones,hepatorenal function parameters of overweight or obese patients wi...Objective:To investigate the effects of orlistat combined with drospirenone/ethinylestradiol tablets(DRSP/EE)on anthropometric indices,sexual hormones,hepatorenal function parameters of overweight or obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:75 overweight or obese PCOS patients[body mass index(BMI)>24 kg/m^(2)]were recruited within the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology,Beying Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University,from April 2019 to January 2020,for a prospective,randomized,open-labelled comparing study.They were numbered one by one according to the order of recruitement and randomly divided into two groups,group 1 included 50 patients,orlistat plus DRSP/EE;group 2 included 25 patients treated with DRSP/EE alone.Both groups got the same comprehensive intervention in terms of individualized,standardized managment and monitoring of life-style like diet and exercise.The changes of anthropometric indices,sexual hormones,hepatorenal function parameters before and after three months of treatment in the two groups were compared.Results:After three months of treatment,body weight,waist circumference(WC),hip circumference(HC)and BMI of both groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The decrease of body weight,WC,HC and BMI in group 1 was significantly greater than those in group 2(P<0.05).Free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in both groups were significantly changed(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the hepatorenal function parameters between the two groups after three months treatment(P>0.05).Conclusion:To our knowledge our study is the first to investigate the effects of orlistat combined with DRSP/EE in overweight or obese PCOS patients comparing with the effect of using DRSP/EE alone.Orlistat combined with DRSP/EE was better than use DRSP/EE alone in getting weight loss,which provides an evidence for the choice of rational drug use in clinical practice.展开更多
Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. Overweight and obesity drastically increase a person’s risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascula...Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. Overweight and obesity drastically increase a person’s risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Furthermore, obesity is already responsible for 2% -8% of health costs and 10% -13% of deaths in several industrialized countries. Lifestyle modifications involving changes in exercise, diet and psychological support are effective in reducing the incidence of overweight. Moreover, positive effects of physical activity (PA) for weight loss and prevention of weight regain are well documented. It was recognized that health benefits regarding both psychological and physiological aspects, such as improving cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and/or decreasing depression symptoms, can be obtained from numerous activities. Public health institutions (American College of Sports Medicine, World Health Organization) provide recommendations for PA (volume, frequency, intensity and type of exercise) to achieve positive effects, at all ages and for many diseases and disorders situations. Although exercise under guidelines can be safely performed by obese subjects, several questions still need to be fully answered. In facts, the exercise program should be tailored according to an individual’s habitual physical activity, physical function, health status, exercise responses, and stated goals. Thus, this review analyzes the intensity of PA parameters. In the last years, research has been focused on the individualization of the right intensity in which different types of subjects’ condition must undergo to achieve the health goals. Aerobic exercise has been commonly used to reach weight loss goal. Prescription of aerobic exercise in clinical practice is frequently based on the percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRmax), heart rate reserve (%HRreserve), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), maximal oxygen consumption (%VO2max) and for unhealthy subjects, peak oxygen consumption (%VO2peak). It has been shown that unhealthy subjects, such as individuals affected by diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases have a reduced maximal aerobic exercise capacity. For instance, using the formula based on percentage of HRmax or VO2max, it could be prescribed heavy exercises, which would result not appropriated and fully functional for the specific individual goal. To avoid this problem, another approach to individualize aerobic exercise could be to consider the gas exchange parameters such us aerobic gas exchange threshold (AerTGE). AerTGE corresponds to the first increase in blood lactate during incremental exercise. This review offers an overview of the different methods to assess exercise intensity, considering the different subjects health characteristics, in order to choose the right methods to achieve the health goals in obese and overweight subjects.展开更多
Probiotics are live microorganisms that,when administered in adequate amounts,confer a health benefit to the host.Specific probiotics or probiotic foods can be used to reduce the risk of diseases associated with aberr...Probiotics are live microorganisms that,when administered in adequate amounts,confer a health benefit to the host.Specific probiotics or probiotic foods can be used to reduce the risk of diseases associated with aberrant gut microbiota composition.The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)has increased annually with the proportion of overweight and obese people.Overweight or obese pregnant women are at high risk of GDM and have obvious changes in gut microbiota compared with normal-weight pregnant women.Specific probiotics or probiotic foods may alter gut microbiota in overweight or obese pregnant women and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors,consequently resulting in weight loss and reduced insulin resistance.This review discusses the mechanism of probiotics on GDM,as well as the dose,method and duration of probiotics use,and summarizes current evidence on probiotics in improving glucose metabolism and other maternal and infant outcomes in overweight/obese pregnant women.展开更多
Introduction: Childhood obesity is increasing dramatically and represents an important public health issue due to associated metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities. Very limited data are available regarding cardio...Introduction: Childhood obesity is increasing dramatically and represents an important public health issue due to associated metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities. Very limited data are available regarding cardiometabolic risk factors among this group in Bangladesh. Objective: To observe the cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 88 overweight and obese children recruited consecutively by using CDC percentile chart for body mass index (BMI) in children between January 2017 and March 2018 in the Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. After completing a questionnaire and relevant clinical examination, blood was collected for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile and C-reactive protein (CRP). Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to determine insulin resistance. Results: Central obesity (100%), dyslipidaemia (88.6%), raised CRP (81.8%) and metabolic syndrome (69.3%) were the most common cardiometabolic risk factors. Children with grade 3 obesity had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (115.57 ± 11.60 vs 105.71 ± 8.84 mmHg, p = 0.043) and insulin resistance (7.15 ± 4.97 vs 3.53 ± 2.04, p = 0.017) than grade 1 obesity. Blood pressure, insulin resistance and CRP increased while high density lipoprotein (HDL) decreased with increasing severity of obesity. BMI z score was a significant predictor of systolic blood pressure;waist circumference was an independent predictor of diastolic blood pressure and HDL;waist height ratio best predicted insulin resistance, CRP and total cholesterol in overweight/obese children. Conclusions: We have observed a high frequency of cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese children and they increased worsened with increasing grade of obesity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic liver surgery is currently considered the standard of care for various liver malignancies.However,studies focusing on perioperative outcome after laparoscopic hepatectomy(LH)in overweight patie...BACKGROUND Laparoscopic liver surgery is currently considered the standard of care for various liver malignancies.However,studies focusing on perioperative outcome after laparoscopic hepatectomy(LH)in overweight patients are still sparse and its benefit compared to open hepatectomy(OH)is a matter of debate.AIM To analyze postoperative outcomes in overweight[body mass index(BMI)over 25 kg/m²]and obese(BMI over 30 kg/m²)patients undergoing LH and compare postoperative outcome with patients undergoing OH.METHODS Perioperative data of 68 overweight(BMI over 25 kg/m²)including a subcohort of obese(BMI over 30 kg/m²)patients(n=27)who underwent LH at our institution between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed regarding surgical outcome and compared to an equal number of patients undergoing OH.RESULTS The mean BMI was 29.8±4.9 kg/m2 in the LH group and 29.7±3.6 kg/m2 in the OH group with major resections performed in 20.6%(LH)and 26.5%(OH)of cases,respectively.Operative time(194±88 min vs 275±131 min;P<0.001)as well as intensive care(0.8±0.7 d vs 1.1±0.8 d;P=0.031)and hospital stay(7.3±3.6 d vs 15.7±13.5 d;P<0.001)were significant shorter in the LH group.Also,overall complications(20.6%vs 45.6%;P=0.005)and major complications(1.5%vs 14.7%,P=0.002)were observed less frequently after LH.An additional investigation analyzing the subgroup of obese patients who underwent LH(n=27)and OH(n=29)showed a shorter operative time(194±81 min vs 260±137 min;P=0.009)and a reduced length of hospitalization(7.7±4.3 d vs 17.2±17 d;P<0.001)but no difference in postoperative complications or overall cost.CONCLUSION LH is safe and cost-effective in overweight and obese patients.Furthermore,LH is significantly associated with fewer postoperative complications and reduced hospital stay compared to OH in these patients.展开更多
Objective:To measure vascular endothelial function (VED) in obese/overweight people grouped according to the constitutional theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).We wished to predict the risk of VED and cardiov...Objective:To measure vascular endothelial function (VED) in obese/overweight people grouped according to the constitutional theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).We wished to predict the risk of VED and cardiovascular diseases in obese/overweight populations.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study.Eighty-six obese/overweight volunteers from Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital were enrolled and divided into four groups based on body-constitution type:phlegm dampness (PD);phlegm dampness with blood stasis (PDBS);qi-deficiency (QD);balance (BA).Height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference were measured,and percent body fat and reactive hyperemia index (RHI) calculated.Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),von Willebrand factor (vWF) and plasma endothelial-1 (ET-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:The RHI and vWF levels in the PDBS group were significantly lower than those in the BA group and QD group (P <.05),but there was no significant difference compared with the PD group (P >.05).These two indicators displayed no significant differences among BA,QD,and PD groups (P >.05).There was no significant difference among the four groups in level of ET-1 or VEGF (P >.05).Conclusion:Of the four indicators selected,the RHI and vWF displayed significant differences between the PDBS group and BA group,and between the PDBS group and QD group.Hence,in an obese/overweight population with different constitutional types,compared with BA and QD groups,a relatively higher risk of suffering from VED was detected in the PDBS group.Meanwhile,this study provides the experimental basis for confirming the feasibility of constitutional classification in obese/overweight population.展开更多
Objective Overweight and obesity prevalence has increased in low-income countries.This study systematically reviewed the obesity trend,disparities,and prevention and control efforts in Nepal.Methods We searched PubMed...Objective Overweight and obesity prevalence has increased in low-income countries.This study systematically reviewed the obesity trend,disparities,and prevention and control efforts in Nepal.Methods We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles and reports published between January 1,2004 and December 31,2022.Additional information on National policies and programs related to obesity prevention was retrieved from governmental websites and consultation with relevant experts.Overweight and obesity were defined using the World Health Organization body mass index cut points.Thirty-two studies and reports were included.Results Overall,overweight and obesity rates increased in all groups in Nepal although nationally representative data remained limited.The combined overweight and obesity(OW/OB)and obesity rates in women aged 15-49 years increased from 8.5%to 22.2%and from 0.9%to 5.1%between 2006 and 2016,respectively.OW/OB and obesity rates in men were 17.1%and 2.5%based on data from the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey.OW/OB rate in under-five children increased from 0.6%to 2.8%between 2006 and 2016.Obesity rates for school-age(5-9 years)boys and girls in 2016 were 2.4%and 2.8%,respectively,and were 1.1%and 1.4%for male and female adolescents aged 10-19 years,respectively.OW/OB prevalence was much higher among women,residents in urban areas and central provinces,and in higher socioeconomic status groups.Projected prevalence of OW/OB and obesity for 2030 in adults aged 15-49 was 44.7%and 8.3%,respectively,while it was 2.2%for OW/OB in preschool children.Policies and direct interventions that specifically focused on obesity prevention and control are limited.Conclusions OW/OB prevalence in Nepal has increased during the past 1.8 decades,disproportionately affecting population groups.Existing interventions mostly focused on undernutrition with some indirect implications for obesity prevention.In the future,Nepal needs to develop population-based programs for obesity prevention.展开更多
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.20Y11910800).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the relationship of overweight and obesity with retinal and choroidal thickness in adults without ocular symptoms by swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT).METHODS:According to the body mass index(BMI)results,the adults enrolled in the cross-sectional study were divided into the normal group(18.50≤BMI<25.00 kg/m^(2)),the overweight group(25.00≤BMI<30.00 kg/m^(2)),and the obesity group(BMI≥30.00 kg/m^(2)).The one-way ANOVA and the Chi-square test were used for comparisons.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the measured variables.RESULTS:This research covered the left eyes of 3 groups of 434 age-and sex-matched subjects each:normal,overweight,and obesity.The mean BMI was 22.20±1.67,26.82±1.38,and 32.21±2.35 kg/m^(2) in normal,overweight and obesity groups,respectively.The choroid was significantly thinner in both the overweight and obesity groups compared to the normal group(P<0.05 for all),while the retinal thickness of the three groups did not differ significantly.Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that BMI was significantly negatively correlated with choroidal thickness,but no significant correlation was observed between BMI and retinal thickness.CONCLUSION:Choroidal thickness is decreased in people with overweight or obesity.Research on changes in choroidal thickness contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of certain ocular disorders in overweight and obese adults.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82074291the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.8207153217+1 种基金the High-level Key Discipline of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Traditional Chinese Constitutional Medicine,No.zyyzdxk-2023251the Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Campus Level Project,No.90010961020140.
文摘BACKGROUND Overweight/obesity combined with depression among children and adolescents(ODCA)is a global concern.The bidirectional relationship between depression and overweight/obesity often leads to their comorbidity.Childhood and adolescence represent critical periods for physical and psychological development,during which the comorbidity of overweight/obesity and depression may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes.AIM To evaluate the relationship between ODCA,we conduct a bibliometric analysis to aid in formulating prevention and treatment strategies.METHODS From 2004 to 2023,articles related to ODCA were selected using the Science Citation Index Expanded from the Web of Science Core Collection.Bibliometric analysis of relevant publications,including countries/regions,institutions,authors,journals,references,and keywords,was conducted using the online bibliometric analysis platforms,CiteSpace,VOSviewer,and bibliometrix.RESULTS Between 2004 and 2023,a total of 1573 articles were published on ODCA.The United States has made leading contributions in this field,with Harvard University emerging as the leading contributor in terms of research output,and Tanofsky being the most prolific author.The J Adolescent Health has shown significant activity in this domain.Based on the results of the keyword and reference analyses,inequality,adverse childhood experiences,and comorbidities have become hot topics in ODCA.Moreover,the impact of balancedrelated behavior and exploration of the biological mechanisms,including the potential role of key adipocytokines and lipokines,as well as inflammation in ODCA,have emerged as frontier topics.CONCLUSION The trend of a significant increase in ODCA publications is expected to continue.The research findings will contribute to elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of ODCA and its prevention and treatment.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81941024)Tianjin Major Public Health Science and Technology Project (21ZXGWSY00090)+2 种基金National Health Commission of China (SPSYYC 2020015)Food Science and Technology Foundation of Chinese Institute of FoodScience and Technology (2019-12)2014 and 2016 Chinese NutritionSociety (CNS) Nutrition Research Foundation -DSM Research Fund(2016-046, 2014-071 and 2016-023), China
文摘Background:Mushrooms are a good source of many nutrients which are potentially beneficial for chronic diseases.We speculated that due to its abundant nutrients edible mushrooms might have a beneficial effect on the prevention of subclinical thyroid dysfunction(SCTD).Therefore,we designed a large-scale cohort study to examine whether mushrooms consumption is a protective factor for SCTD in adults.Methods:This prospective cohort study investigated 6631 participants(mean age:(45.0±10.2)years;55.1%men).Edible mushrooms consumption was measured at baseline using a validated food frequency questionnaire.SCTD was defined as abnormal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and normal free thyroxine.Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of edible mushrooms consumption with incident SCTD.Results:During follow-up period,a total of 262 new cases of SCTD were identified,the incidence rate of subclinical hypothyroidism was 8.9/1000 person-years and subclinical hyperthyroidism was 7.2/1000 person-years.After adjusting potential confounding factors,the multivariable hazard ratios(95%confidence intervals)for subclinical hypothyroidism were 1.00(reference)for almost never,0.53(0.29,0.97)for 1-3 times/week and 0.30(0.10,0.87)for≥4 times/week(P for trend=0.02).It also showed edible mushrooms consumption was inversely associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in obese individuals but not non-obese individuals,the final hazard ratios(95%confidence intervals)were 0.14(0.03,0.73)(P for trend<0.01).Conclusions:This population-based prospective cohort study has firstly demonstrated that higher edible mushrooms consumption was significantly associated with lower incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism among general adult population,especially in obese individuals.
文摘Introduction: Obesity and overweight are a public health problem. The general objective was to determine the epidemiological aspects of obesity, overweight and associated risk factors in a semi-urban environment. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted on November 28 and 29, 2023 in Sébikotane. It focused on volunteers for screening for chronic non-communicable diseases. Epidemiological and clinical data were evaluated. Results: One hundred and twenty-nine cases of obesity were recorded (28%). Two hundred and eighty-two cases were overweight or obese (61.3%). The mean age was 49.55 years, with a standard deviation of 12.41 years. The age group [40 - 49 years] was the most representative, with 85 cases (30.1%), and the majority were female, with 264 cases (93.6%). Primary education was the most common, with 75 cases (46.3%). Grade 1 obesity concerned ninety-seven cases (75.2%), and diabetes was present in thirty cases (23%). Hypertension was present in ninety-five cases (33.7%). Obesity was more marked in the age group [40 - 49 years] with 45 cases (36%). Conclusion: Obesity and overweight are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The development and implementation of a prevention and management program is essential.
文摘Context: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) helps restore the health status of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Likewise, it increases the risk of overweight/obesity and related comorbidities among the recipients. In countries like Botswana where ±84% of PLHIV is on ART, the paucity of data comparing overweight/obesity between HIV-positive on ART and HIV-negative patients may impede clinical and policy decision-making. This study sought to estimate and compare: i) the prevalence of overweight/obesity between HIV-positive on ART and HIV-negative patients;ii) the prevalence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM)/coronary heart disease (CHD) between HIV-positive patients on ART and HIV-negative patients attending same outpatient departments of general clinics in Gaborone, Botswana. Patients and Methods: Five hundred eighty-one (581) outpatients were recruited in four major clinics of Gaborone, Botswana, between June and July 2019;294 or 51% of them were HIV-negative and 287 or 49% were HIV-positive on ART. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and of HTN and DM/CHD were calculated and examined using stratified analysis. Subgroups were compared using Chi-square analysis with Yates correction or Fisher exact test and t-student test for continuous data. Results: Major findings after stratification of the study population by HIV status were: i) the prevalence of all categories of (BMI), including overweight/obesity, were comparable between HIV-negative-patients and HIV-positive. In fact, there were 24 (8.0%) cases of underweight among HIV-negative-Patients and 15(5%) cases among HIV-positive patients, p = 0.2;145 (49%) HIV-negative-patients and 128 (45%) HIV-positive, p = 0.07 cases of normal weight;72 (25%) HIV-negative-patients and 87 (30%) HIV-positive, p = 0.08, were overweight;53 (18%) HIV-negative-patients and 57 (20%) HIV-positive, p = 0.12, were obese;125 (43%) HIV-negative patients and 144 (50%) HIV-positive, p=0.06 were overweight/obese;ii) the prevalence of HTN and DM/CHD among HIV-positive-patients were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to HIV-negative patients: There were 32 (10.9%) cases of HTN among HIV-negative patients compared to 18 (6.3%) cases of HTN among HIV-positive patients, p = 0.001;32 (11%) cases of DM/CHD HIV-negative patients compared to 4 (1.4%) cases of DM/CHD among HIV-positive patients, p = 0.001. Conclusion: the prevalence of overweight/obesity observed between HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients may suggest that the two groups shared the same exposure factors. That HTN and DM/CHD prevalence was lower among HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative patients, is possibly due to interplay factors of ART, HIV or the host population. Further studies are, however, recommended for clarifications.
文摘The goal was to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR), and relative fat mas (RFM), to identify the best predictor of overweight and obesity in university students from Mexico. This is a cross-sectional survey with 697 university students from northern and central Mexico (448 women, and 249 men aged 18 - 19 years). Data was collected during 2018. Overweight and obesity were calculated from those indices and for both, female and male students, the order of correlation between a pair of indices were WHtR vs. RFM > WHtR vs. WC > RFM vs. WC > WHtR vs. BMI > BMI vs. WC > RFM vs. BMI. It is concluded to use the WHtR and the RFM to better predict overweight and obesity in young Mexican university students.
基金the Clinical Research and Cultivation Plan Project of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,No.2021LCYB17.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,the lack of comparative studies between weekly and daily formulations of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)for glucose excursion is worth investigation.AIM To investigate the effects of weekly and daily formulations of GLP-1RA on glucose excursion and inflammation in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes.METHODS Seventy patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis.All patients were treated with metformin.We evaluated changes in blood glucose levels and a series of important indicators in patients before and after treatment with either a weekly or daily preparation of GLP-1RA(group A;n=33 and group B;n=37).RESULTS The degree of decrease in the levels of fasting blood glucose,mean blood glucose,mean amplitude of glycemic excursions,total cholesterol,triglycerides,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after treatment in group A was higher than that in group B(P<0.05),whereas the 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels decreased more so in group B than in group A(P<0.001).However,there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of glycated hemoglobin,standard deviation of blood glucose,coefficient of variation,absolute mean of daily differences,percentage of time with 3.9 mmol/L<glucose<10 mmol/L,and high-and low-density lipoproteins between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in group A than in group B(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The effect of the weekly preparation of GLP-1RA in controlling blood glucose levels in the patients,suppressing inflammation,and reducing adverse reactions was significantly higher than that of the daily preparations,which is worthy of clinical promotion.
基金supported by Shanghai Rising-Star Program (12QH1401700)the Drug Innovation Program of the National Science and Technology Project (2011ZX09307-001-02)+2 种基金Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (2012291)Excellent Young Medical Experts of Shanghai (XYQ2011041)Program of Shanghai Municipality for Basic Research (11JC1409600)
文摘Accumulating evidence indicates that overweight and obesity are the major international public health concern. Obesity is a major independent risk factor for chronic diseases, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and certain cancer. Disease burden due to obesity has been dramatically increasing in many countries including China in the past years. According to the Nationwide Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), the prevalence of overweight and obesity among men and women in China increased by 27.6% and 8.8%, respectively, from 1993 to 2009.
文摘Background: The obesity rate is rising. The aims of this study were to elucidate the connection among body image disturbance and dissatisfaction, scorn and stigma in severely obese individuals using a case-control method. Method: The study group consisted of 112 individuals receiving permanent disability pensions primarily for obesity. The controls were selected by random sampling. The controls were matched with the subjects by place of residence, gender, age, the time since the pension was granted and occupation. Psychiatric interviews and psychological assessments were conducted with all participants. The results were analyzed via chi-squared tests (χ2-tests) and percent distributions. The subject and control groups were compared via paired t-tests. Conditional logistic regression analysis was also conducted. Results: In the Draw a Person test, we found disorganization of the body image to some degree in the subject group. Some significant differences were found between the Machover index and the wholeness index. The Rorschach variables obtained some differences in the responses between the subject and control groups. Obesity was a problem in all age groups. In the study group, half of the participants thought that they were obese. Most of the participants had endured scorn and contempt directed at them due to being overweight. Conclusions: We believe that our study provides a novel and necessary overview of the connection among body image disturbance and dissatisfaction, scorn and stigma.
文摘AIM: To shed some light on the relationship between anti-apoptotic serum Bcl-2 concentrations and metabolic status, anthropometric parameters, inflammation indi- ces, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity were investigated in 43 young individuals with fatty liver (FL) and 41 with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: Circulating levels of Bcl-2 were detected in 84 patients with ultrasonographic findings of "bright liver" and/or hyper-transaminasemia of unknown origin and/or increase in T-glutamyl-transpeptidase (T-GT) strictly in the absence of other acute or chronic liver disease, whose age was not advanced, who gave consent to liver biopsy and were then divided on the basis of the histological results into two groups (43 with FL and 41 with NASH). Twenty lean subjects, apparently healthy and young, were chosen as controls.RESULTS: Serum Bcl-2 concentrations were significantly higher in the FL group than in the NASH group. Insulin resistance and γ-GT activity were significantly higher in NASH subjects. Apoptotic hepatocytes were significantly more numerous in NASH patients. NASH patients presented with larger spleens and augmented C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations than healthy subjects. Steatosis grade at histology was similar in both NASH and FL populations. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly related to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein values in FL patients. Bcl-2 serum levels positively correlated to body mass index (BMI) values (P ~ 0.0001) but not to age of the population. Triglycerides/HDL ratio correlated well to waist circumference in males (P = 0.0008). γ-GT activity was associated with homeostatic metabolic assessment (HOMA) (P = 0.0003) and with serum ferritin (P = 0.02). Bcl-2 concentrations were not related to either spleen size or CRP values. NASH patients pre- sented a weak negative correlation between Iobular inflammation and Bcl-2 levels. A prediction by low values of serum Bcl-2 towards a greater presence of metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese patients (MUOs) was evidenced. HOMA, BMI and uric acid, in that sequence, best predicted serum Bcl-2 concentrations. CONCLUSION: IvlUOs could be detected by Bcl-2 levels. By favoring the life span of hepatocytes, and enhancing triglyceride formation, the anti-apoptotic process inhibits free fatty acids toxicity in FL.
文摘Active lifestyle and qualitative and quantitative diets are the best way to lose weight. In our study we have assessed the effectiveness and tolerability of a soluble powder rich in fibers and at low glycemic index and used, with a portion of fresh fruit, as replacement meal (for a total calorie intake ranging from a minimum of about 130 kcal to a maximum of 260 kcal) in 52 overweight/obese subjects of the outpatient clinic of the Italian National Research Council (CNR) of Rome already in treatment with a low-fat low-carbohydrates qualitative diet. The study was a parallel, prospective trial of two randomized sample groups, “intervention” (26 subjects) and “control” (26 subjects). After 8 weeks, the treatment based on the replacement meal has improved the results obtained through the qualitative diet alone above all in the overweight subjects: 11/16, versus only 2/16 in the control group, became ranged within normal weight. On the contrary, the majority of obese subjects didn’t change their BMI classification suggesting that, in case of obesity, a controlled quantitative correction with weighing food portions could be a better strategy than low-calorie replacement meal.
基金Supported by Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences,Chiang Mai University,Chiang Mai,Thailand,No.6593(4)1180
文摘AIM To assess the association between liver fat content(LFC) and weight status in young adults using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H MRS) technique.METHODSSeventy-eight healthy young adults, between 19-30 years of age participated in this study. This group was then separated into a control of 39 subjects and an overweight/obese group(OW/OB group) consisting of 39 subjects. Blood biochemical quantity and 1 H MRS was performed for LFC assessment.RESULTS LFC was found to be almost three times higher in OW/OB group when compared to the control group. A 48.7% incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the OW/OB group was found. Blood biochemical measurements showed statistically higher low-density lipoproteins and triglyceride, lower highdensity lipoproteins, and increased glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting glucose in the OW/OB group. Body mass index was a significant independent predictor for LFC after adjusting for age and sex(multiple linear regression; β = 0.459, P <0.001).CONCLUSION Due to the prevalence of high LFC in the OW/OB group, it can be proposed that weight gain and obesity are sensitive indicators of high hepatic fat content.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81370942)
文摘The study aimed to determine the relationships between the basal metabolic rate(BMR) and body composition of overweight and obese Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM). This cross-sectional clinical study enrolled 193 Chinese adults with type 2 DM who were overweight(24 kg/m2≤BMI〈28 kg/m2, n=99), or obese(BMI ≥28 kg/m2, n=94). Ninety-seven adults with normal BMIs, including 50 DM patients and 47 healthy adults, were recruited as a control group. BMR was measured by indirect calorimetry; predicted BMR was calculated according to the Schofield equation; and the relationships between BMR, body composition, and biochemical results were determined by the Pearson correlation. The results showed that obese DM patients had significantly higher BMRs than both overweight patients(P〈0.05) and patients with normal BMI did(P〈0.05). The measured BMR was significantly lower than the predicted BMR(P〈0.05) in all groups. Obese and overweight DM patients had significantly greater weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, body surface area, body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat-free mass than patients with normal BMI. Except for waist circumference, these body composition measurements were significantly increased in obese DM patients when compared with those in overweight DM patients(P〈0.05). Fat-free mass was closely correlated with BMR in both DM patients(r=0.874, P〈0.01) and in healthy controls(r=0.902, P〈0.01). It was concluded that overweight and obese Chinese adults with type 2 DM had increased BMRs compared with normal-weight controls, which may result from the difference in fat-free mass.
基金supported by Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals'Ascent Plan of China(No.DFL20181401).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of orlistat combined with drospirenone/ethinylestradiol tablets(DRSP/EE)on anthropometric indices,sexual hormones,hepatorenal function parameters of overweight or obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:75 overweight or obese PCOS patients[body mass index(BMI)>24 kg/m^(2)]were recruited within the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology,Beying Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University,from April 2019 to January 2020,for a prospective,randomized,open-labelled comparing study.They were numbered one by one according to the order of recruitement and randomly divided into two groups,group 1 included 50 patients,orlistat plus DRSP/EE;group 2 included 25 patients treated with DRSP/EE alone.Both groups got the same comprehensive intervention in terms of individualized,standardized managment and monitoring of life-style like diet and exercise.The changes of anthropometric indices,sexual hormones,hepatorenal function parameters before and after three months of treatment in the two groups were compared.Results:After three months of treatment,body weight,waist circumference(WC),hip circumference(HC)and BMI of both groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The decrease of body weight,WC,HC and BMI in group 1 was significantly greater than those in group 2(P<0.05).Free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in both groups were significantly changed(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the hepatorenal function parameters between the two groups after three months treatment(P>0.05).Conclusion:To our knowledge our study is the first to investigate the effects of orlistat combined with DRSP/EE in overweight or obese PCOS patients comparing with the effect of using DRSP/EE alone.Orlistat combined with DRSP/EE was better than use DRSP/EE alone in getting weight loss,which provides an evidence for the choice of rational drug use in clinical practice.
文摘Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. Overweight and obesity drastically increase a person’s risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Furthermore, obesity is already responsible for 2% -8% of health costs and 10% -13% of deaths in several industrialized countries. Lifestyle modifications involving changes in exercise, diet and psychological support are effective in reducing the incidence of overweight. Moreover, positive effects of physical activity (PA) for weight loss and prevention of weight regain are well documented. It was recognized that health benefits regarding both psychological and physiological aspects, such as improving cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and/or decreasing depression symptoms, can be obtained from numerous activities. Public health institutions (American College of Sports Medicine, World Health Organization) provide recommendations for PA (volume, frequency, intensity and type of exercise) to achieve positive effects, at all ages and for many diseases and disorders situations. Although exercise under guidelines can be safely performed by obese subjects, several questions still need to be fully answered. In facts, the exercise program should be tailored according to an individual’s habitual physical activity, physical function, health status, exercise responses, and stated goals. Thus, this review analyzes the intensity of PA parameters. In the last years, research has been focused on the individualization of the right intensity in which different types of subjects’ condition must undergo to achieve the health goals. Aerobic exercise has been commonly used to reach weight loss goal. Prescription of aerobic exercise in clinical practice is frequently based on the percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRmax), heart rate reserve (%HRreserve), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), maximal oxygen consumption (%VO2max) and for unhealthy subjects, peak oxygen consumption (%VO2peak). It has been shown that unhealthy subjects, such as individuals affected by diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases have a reduced maximal aerobic exercise capacity. For instance, using the formula based on percentage of HRmax or VO2max, it could be prescribed heavy exercises, which would result not appropriated and fully functional for the specific individual goal. To avoid this problem, another approach to individualize aerobic exercise could be to consider the gas exchange parameters such us aerobic gas exchange threshold (AerTGE). AerTGE corresponds to the first increase in blood lactate during incremental exercise. This review offers an overview of the different methods to assess exercise intensity, considering the different subjects health characteristics, in order to choose the right methods to achieve the health goals in obese and overweight subjects.
文摘Probiotics are live microorganisms that,when administered in adequate amounts,confer a health benefit to the host.Specific probiotics or probiotic foods can be used to reduce the risk of diseases associated with aberrant gut microbiota composition.The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)has increased annually with the proportion of overweight and obese people.Overweight or obese pregnant women are at high risk of GDM and have obvious changes in gut microbiota compared with normal-weight pregnant women.Specific probiotics or probiotic foods may alter gut microbiota in overweight or obese pregnant women and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors,consequently resulting in weight loss and reduced insulin resistance.This review discusses the mechanism of probiotics on GDM,as well as the dose,method and duration of probiotics use,and summarizes current evidence on probiotics in improving glucose metabolism and other maternal and infant outcomes in overweight/obese pregnant women.
文摘Introduction: Childhood obesity is increasing dramatically and represents an important public health issue due to associated metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities. Very limited data are available regarding cardiometabolic risk factors among this group in Bangladesh. Objective: To observe the cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 88 overweight and obese children recruited consecutively by using CDC percentile chart for body mass index (BMI) in children between January 2017 and March 2018 in the Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. After completing a questionnaire and relevant clinical examination, blood was collected for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile and C-reactive protein (CRP). Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to determine insulin resistance. Results: Central obesity (100%), dyslipidaemia (88.6%), raised CRP (81.8%) and metabolic syndrome (69.3%) were the most common cardiometabolic risk factors. Children with grade 3 obesity had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (115.57 ± 11.60 vs 105.71 ± 8.84 mmHg, p = 0.043) and insulin resistance (7.15 ± 4.97 vs 3.53 ± 2.04, p = 0.017) than grade 1 obesity. Blood pressure, insulin resistance and CRP increased while high density lipoprotein (HDL) decreased with increasing severity of obesity. BMI z score was a significant predictor of systolic blood pressure;waist circumference was an independent predictor of diastolic blood pressure and HDL;waist height ratio best predicted insulin resistance, CRP and total cholesterol in overweight/obese children. Conclusions: We have observed a high frequency of cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese children and they increased worsened with increasing grade of obesity.
文摘BACKGROUND Laparoscopic liver surgery is currently considered the standard of care for various liver malignancies.However,studies focusing on perioperative outcome after laparoscopic hepatectomy(LH)in overweight patients are still sparse and its benefit compared to open hepatectomy(OH)is a matter of debate.AIM To analyze postoperative outcomes in overweight[body mass index(BMI)over 25 kg/m²]and obese(BMI over 30 kg/m²)patients undergoing LH and compare postoperative outcome with patients undergoing OH.METHODS Perioperative data of 68 overweight(BMI over 25 kg/m²)including a subcohort of obese(BMI over 30 kg/m²)patients(n=27)who underwent LH at our institution between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed regarding surgical outcome and compared to an equal number of patients undergoing OH.RESULTS The mean BMI was 29.8±4.9 kg/m2 in the LH group and 29.7±3.6 kg/m2 in the OH group with major resections performed in 20.6%(LH)and 26.5%(OH)of cases,respectively.Operative time(194±88 min vs 275±131 min;P<0.001)as well as intensive care(0.8±0.7 d vs 1.1±0.8 d;P=0.031)and hospital stay(7.3±3.6 d vs 15.7±13.5 d;P<0.001)were significant shorter in the LH group.Also,overall complications(20.6%vs 45.6%;P=0.005)and major complications(1.5%vs 14.7%,P=0.002)were observed less frequently after LH.An additional investigation analyzing the subgroup of obese patients who underwent LH(n=27)and OH(n=29)showed a shorter operative time(194±81 min vs 260±137 min;P=0.009)and a reduced length of hospitalization(7.7±4.3 d vs 17.2±17 d;P<0.001)but no difference in postoperative complications or overall cost.CONCLUSION LH is safe and cost-effective in overweight and obese patients.Furthermore,LH is significantly associated with fewer postoperative complications and reduced hospital stay compared to OH in these patients.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81503471).
文摘Objective:To measure vascular endothelial function (VED) in obese/overweight people grouped according to the constitutional theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).We wished to predict the risk of VED and cardiovascular diseases in obese/overweight populations.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study.Eighty-six obese/overweight volunteers from Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital were enrolled and divided into four groups based on body-constitution type:phlegm dampness (PD);phlegm dampness with blood stasis (PDBS);qi-deficiency (QD);balance (BA).Height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference were measured,and percent body fat and reactive hyperemia index (RHI) calculated.Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),von Willebrand factor (vWF) and plasma endothelial-1 (ET-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:The RHI and vWF levels in the PDBS group were significantly lower than those in the BA group and QD group (P <.05),but there was no significant difference compared with the PD group (P >.05).These two indicators displayed no significant differences among BA,QD,and PD groups (P >.05).There was no significant difference among the four groups in level of ET-1 or VEGF (P >.05).Conclusion:Of the four indicators selected,the RHI and vWF displayed significant differences between the PDBS group and BA group,and between the PDBS group and QD group.Hence,in an obese/overweight population with different constitutional types,compared with BA and QD groups,a relatively higher risk of suffering from VED was detected in the PDBS group.Meanwhile,this study provides the experimental basis for confirming the feasibility of constitutional classification in obese/overweight population.
基金This study was funded by the research grants from the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province of China(2022SF-125 and 2021ZDLSF02-14).
文摘Objective Overweight and obesity prevalence has increased in low-income countries.This study systematically reviewed the obesity trend,disparities,and prevention and control efforts in Nepal.Methods We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles and reports published between January 1,2004 and December 31,2022.Additional information on National policies and programs related to obesity prevention was retrieved from governmental websites and consultation with relevant experts.Overweight and obesity were defined using the World Health Organization body mass index cut points.Thirty-two studies and reports were included.Results Overall,overweight and obesity rates increased in all groups in Nepal although nationally representative data remained limited.The combined overweight and obesity(OW/OB)and obesity rates in women aged 15-49 years increased from 8.5%to 22.2%and from 0.9%to 5.1%between 2006 and 2016,respectively.OW/OB and obesity rates in men were 17.1%and 2.5%based on data from the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey.OW/OB rate in under-five children increased from 0.6%to 2.8%between 2006 and 2016.Obesity rates for school-age(5-9 years)boys and girls in 2016 were 2.4%and 2.8%,respectively,and were 1.1%and 1.4%for male and female adolescents aged 10-19 years,respectively.OW/OB prevalence was much higher among women,residents in urban areas and central provinces,and in higher socioeconomic status groups.Projected prevalence of OW/OB and obesity for 2030 in adults aged 15-49 was 44.7%and 8.3%,respectively,while it was 2.2%for OW/OB in preschool children.Policies and direct interventions that specifically focused on obesity prevention and control are limited.Conclusions OW/OB prevalence in Nepal has increased during the past 1.8 decades,disproportionately affecting population groups.Existing interventions mostly focused on undernutrition with some indirect implications for obesity prevention.In the future,Nepal needs to develop population-based programs for obesity prevention.