The influences of canopy temperature measuring on the derived crop water stress index

Crop water stress index(CWSI)is widely used for efficient irrigation management.Precise canopy temperature(T_(c))measurement is necessary to derive a reliable CWSI.The objective of this research was to investigate the influences of atmospheric conditions,settled height,view angle of infrared thermography,and investigating time of temperature measuring on the performance of the CWSI.Three irrigation treatments were used to create different soil water conditions during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 winter wheat-growing seasons.The CWSI was calculated using the CWSI-E(an empirical approach)and CWSI-T(a theoretical approach)based on the T_(c).Weather conditions were recorded continuously throughout the experimental period.The results showed that atmospheric conditions influenced the estimation of the CWSI;when the vapor pressure deficit(VPD)was>2000 Pa,the estimated CWSI was related to soil water conditions.The height of the installed infrared thermograph influenced the T_(c)values,and the differences among the T_(c)values measured at height of 3,5,and 10 m was smaller in the afternoon than in the morning.However,the lens of the thermometer facing south recorded a higher T_(c)than those facing east or north,especially at a low height,indicating that the direction of the thermometer had a significant influence on T_(c).There was a large variation in CWSI derived at different times of the day,and the midday measurements(12:00-15:00)were the most reliable for estimating CWSI.Negative linear relationships were found between the transpiration rate and CWSI-E(R^(2)of 0.3646-0.5725)and CWSI-T(R^(2)of 0.5407-0.7213).The relations between fraction of available soil water(FASW)with CWSI-T was higher than that with CWSI-E,indicating CWSI-T was more accurate for predicting crop water status.In addition,The R^(2)between CWSI-T and FASW at 14:00 was higher than that at other times,indicating that 14:00 was the optimal time for using the CWSI for crop water status monitoring.Relative higher yield of winter wheat was obtained with average seasonal values of CWSI-E and CWSI-T around 0.23 and 0.25-0.26,respectively.The CWSI-E values were more easily influenced by meteorological factors and the timing of the measurements,and using the theoretical approach to derive the CWSI was recommended for precise irrigation water management.

Three-dimensional stress variation characteristics in deep hard rock of CJPL-Ⅱ project based on in-situ monitoring

In deep hard rock excavation, stress plays a pivotal role in inducing stress-controlled failure. While the impact of excavation-induced stress disturbance on rock failure and tunnel stability has undergone comprehensive examination through laboratory tests and numerical simulations, its validation through insitu stress tests remains unexplored. This study analyzes the three-dimensional stress changes in the surrounding rock at various depths, monitored during the excavation of B2 Lab in China Jinping Underground Laboratory Phase Ⅱ(CJPL-Ⅱ). The investigation delves into the three-dimensional stress variation characteristics in deep hard rock, encompassing stress components and principal stress. The results indicate changes in both the magnitude and direction of the principal stress during tunnel excavation. To quantitatively describe the degree of stress disturbance, a series of stress evaluation indexes are established based on the distances between stress tensors, including the stress disturbance index(SDI), the principal stress magnitude disturbance index(SDIm), and the principal stress direction disturbance index(SDId). The SDI indicates the greatest stress disturbance in the surrounding rock is 4.5 m from the tunnel wall in B2 Lab. SDIm shows that the principal stress magnitude disturbance peaks at2.5 m from the tunnel wall. SDId reveals that the largest change in principal stress direction does not necessarily occur near the tunnel wall but at a specific depth from it. The established relationship between SDI and the depth of the excavation damaged zone(EDZ) can serve as a criterion for determining the depth of the EDZ in deep hard rock engineering. Additionally, it provides a reference for future construction and support considerations.

Effects of nitrogen deposition on the carbon budget and water stress in Central Asia under climate change

Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)plays a significant role in shaping the structure and functioning of various terrestrial ecosystems worldwide.However,the magnitude of N deposition on grassland ecosystems in Central Asia still remains highly uncertain.In this study,a multi-data approach was adopted to analyze the distribution and amplitude of N deposition effects in Central Asia from 1979 to 2014 using a process-based denitrification decomposition(DNDC)model.Results showed that total vegetation carbon(C)in Central Asia was 0.35(±0.09)Pg C/a and the averaged water stress index(WSI)was 0.20(±0.02)for the whole area.Increasing N deposition led to an increase in the vegetation C of 65.56(±83.03)Tg C and slightly decreased water stress in Central Asia.Findings of this study will expand both our understanding and predictive capacity of C characteristics under future increases in N deposition,and also serve as a valuable reference for decision-making regarding water resources management and climate change mitigation in arid and semi-arid areas globally.

Exogenous calcium enhances the physiological status and photosynthetic capacity of rose under drought stress

Drought(water shortage)can substantially limit the yield and economic value of rose plants(Rosa spp.).Here,we characterized the effect of exogenous calcium(Ca^(2+))on the antioxidant system and photosynthesis-related properties of rose under polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG6000)-induced drought stress.Chlorophyll levels,as well as leaf and root biomass,were significantly reduced by drought;drought also had a major effect on the enzymatic antioxidant system and increased concentrations of reactive oxygen species.Application of exogenous Ca^(2+)increased the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of leaves,enhanced water-use efficiency,and increased the length and width of stomata following exposure to drought.Organ-specific physiological responses were observed under different concentrations of Ca^(2+).Application of 5 mmol·L^(-1)Ca^(2+)promoted photosynthesis and antioxidant activity in the leaves,and application of 10 mmol·L^(-1)Ca^(2+)promoted antioxidant activity in the roots.Application of exogenous Ca^(2+)greatly enhanced the phenotype and photosynthetic capacity of potted rose plants following exposure to drought stress.Overall,our findings indicate that the application of exogenous Ca^(2+)enhances the drought resistance of roses by promoting physiological adaptation and that it could be used to aid the cultivation of rose plants.

Daytime Heat Stress, Thermal Pattern, Hyperthermia and Body Caloric Overload in Tropical Acclimatized Holstein and Jersey Heifers

The influence of daytime tropical heat stress in the summer was studied in Holstein and Jersey heifers already acclimatized to tropical environments to determine their physiological response based on body thermal patterns and respiratory alterations according to psychrometric caloric indicators. Daytime psychrometric elements showed a tropical caloric potential for developing moderate to severe heat stress in dairy cattle. Body temperature and respiratory rate increased in both breeds open and pregnant (P < 0.01). Thermal body overload and respiratory works increased from 09 am to 12 md (P < 0.001);reaching and sustaining hyperthermia under the highest caloric pressure from 12 md to 03 pm. Rectal temperature increased +1.5˚C in open Holstein (OH), +1.3˚C in pregnant Holstein (PH), +0.8˚C in open jersey (OJ) and +0.8˚C in pregnant Jersey (PJ). The lowest heat stress index (HSI) was at 06 am, where OH and PH showed a HIS +2.25 and +2.30 and OJ and PJ +2.34 and +2.38. Maximum heat stress occurred at 12 md where OH averaged +3.28 and Pregnant Holsteins showed +3.85 at 03 pm. Open Jersey (OJ) showed a maximum HSI at 12 md (3.54) and PJ resulted in +3.89 at 03 pm. Open and pregnant Jersey heifers were more tolerant to heat stress based on lower body mass, insulation, feed consumption and greater relation between body surface and metabolic body size for thermolysis. Acclimatization between five and twenty-five months under tropical heat stress allowed Holstein and Jersey heifers to develop thermal tolerance. Middle thermal acclimatization lowered thermal sensitivity, hyperthermia and hyperpnea in Holstein and Jersey heifers in the morning;however, pregnant heifers in both breeds showed higher thermal alteration in the afternoon. Tropical acclimatization at low altitudes could be integrated with environmental improvements and nutritional and health management to reduce influences of severe heat stress and improve physiological comfort and welfare in Holstein and Jersey heifers in the summer. Those combined strategies will reduce daytime thermal and respiratory responses and allow growth, pregnancy and health with lower body heat overload and less hyperthermia.

Traumatic brain injury and variants of shock index

Traumatic Brain Injury is a major cause of death and long-term disability.The early identification of patients at high risk of mortality is important for both management and prognosis.Although many modified scoring systems have been developed for improving the prediction accuracy in patients with trauma,few studies have focused on prediction accuracy and application in patients with traumatic brain injury.The shock index(SI)which was first introduced in the 1960s has shown to strongly correlate degree of circulatory shock with increasing SI.In this editorial we comment on a publication by Carteri et al wherein they perform a retrospective analysis studying the predictive potential of SI and its variants in populations with severe traumatic brain injury.

Effect of Cold Stress on Some Physiological Indexes of Plants in Malvaceae

The paper was to study the change trend of the physiological indexes in plants of Malvaceae under normal and low temperature condition.The result showed that the increase extent of electrical conductivity of plants with cold tolerance in Malvaceae was significantly lower than the plant without cold tolerance under the cold stress condition,while their proline contents and soluble protein contents were all higher than the plants without cold tolerance.The above physiological indicators all can be used for the screening of varieties with cold tolerance in Malvaceae,which will also provide theoretical guidance for the cold tolerance screening of other garden plants.

Effects of Pyrene Stress on Growth and Physiological Indexes of Maize(Zea mays L.) Seedling

[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of pyrene stress on growth and physiological indexes of maize seedling.[Method] The effects of different concentrations of pyrene（0,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg/L） on growth and several physiological indexes,such as chlorophyll content,malnodiadehyde（MDA） content of both leaves and roots of maize（Zea Mays L.） seedlings of Shixiang 1（sensitive variety） and Guangtian 3（tolerant variety） were studied by a hydroponic experiment.[Result]As the concentration of prene increasing within the test concentration range,the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in Shixiang 1 first increased and then decreased;relative growth yield and absolute growth rate showed the decreasing trend;MDA contents in roots and leaves showed the increasing trend.Relative growth yield,absolute growth rate and chlorophyll a content in Guangtian 3 first increased and then decreased;chlorophyll b and MDA contents in roots showed the increasing trend;MDA contents in leaves showed the decreasing trend.Compared with control,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of Shixiang 1 significantly increased under pyrene concentration of 0.5-1.0 mg/L,which significantly decreased as the concentration of pyrene ≥2.0 mg/L;MDA contents in roots and leaves significantly increased as the concentration of pyrene ≥1.0 mg/L,while relative growth yield and absolute growth rate significantly decreased.Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in Guangtian 3 significantly increased as the concentration of pyrene ≥1.0 mg/L.Pyrene concentration had significantly negative correlation with relative growth yield and absolute growth rate of Shixiang 1,while it had significant positive correlation with MDA contents in roots.Pyrene concentration had significant positive correlation with chlorophyll b and MDA contents in roots of tolerant variety Guangtian 3.[Conclusion]The study provided basis for the management measures of maize during its seedling stage.

Effect of Lead Stress on Growth Characteristics and Physiological Indexes of Alternanthera philoxeroides

[Objective] The paper aimed to discuss effects of different concentrations of lead stress on Alternanthera philoxeroides growth and physiological indices,to explore phytoremediation methods for removal of lead pollution. [Method] A. philoxeroides in water culture was treated with different concentration of lead,and then,its external injury was observed,its growth and physiological indexes were measured. [Result] A. philoxeroides biomass and chlorophyll content decreased; conductivity and malonaldehyde （MDA ） content were increased; the SOD,POD and CAT activities showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with increase in concentration of lead stress. [Conclusion] With increase in lead concentration,the cell membrane permeability increased and MDA had a higher accumulation,antioxidant enzymes activity decreased,the normal oxidative metabolism of A. philoxeroides was severely affected,leading it to wilt.

Effects of Waterlogging Stress on Growth and Physiological Index in Cucumber Seedlings

The effects of waterlogging stress on the growth, chlorophyll and MDA content of cucumber seedlings were studied by using cucumber varieties （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinyan No.7） as materials. The results show that plant height, leaf number, shoot fresh weight, total root length, total projected area and total surface area of cucumber seedlings showed insignificant differences with those of the control; root fresh weight, root average diameter, total root volume were significantly higher, but the number of root tips and furcation number increased first and then reduced; the chlorophyll content of cucumber seedlings was significantly lower than that of control; MDA content was significantly higher than that of control under waterlogging stress. It was showed that the cucumber was tolerant to waterlogging stress, but the ability of waterlogging stress was limited, and the physiological was significantly hurt and photosynthesis of cucumber seedlings was significantly affected by waterlogging stress.

Changes in Physiological Indexes of SPDS Transgenic Potato Plants under Low Temperature Stress

Using potato plants overexpressing spermidine synthase（SPDS） gene as experimental materials, changes in chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde（MDA） content and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity of potato leaves under low temperature stress were determined. According to the results, chlorophyll content of experimental plants showed a decreasing trend; MDA content of 01-47 was significantly higher than that of Atlantic; MDA content of 01-6 and 01-49 was significantly lower than that of Atlantic; SOD activity of 01-6 and 01-47 was higher than that of Atlantic. Potato lines 01-6 and 01-47 can be further cultivated to breed new cold-resistant potato varieties.

Novel association between sperm deformity index and oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in infertile male patients

Aim:To investigate the impact of abnormal sperm morphology using the sperm deformity index (SDI) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and its correlation with sperm DNA damage.Methods:Semen samples were collected from men undergoing infertility screening (n=7) and healthy donors (n=6).Mature spermatozoa were isolated and incubated with 5 mmol/L β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for up to 24 h to induce ROS.Sperm morphology was evaluated using strict Tygerberg's criteria and the SDI.ROS levels and DNA damage were assessed using chemiluminescence and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated fluorescein- dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays,respectively.Results:SDI values (median [interquartiles]) were higher in patients than donors (2 [1.8,2.1] vs.1.53 [1.52,1.58],P=0.008).Aliquots treated with NADPH showed higher ROS levels (1.22 [0.30,1.87] vs.0.39 [0.10,0.57],P=0.03) and higher incidence of DNA damage than those not treated (10 [4.69,24.85] vs.3.85 [2.58,5.10],P=0.008).Higher DNA damage was also seen following 24 h of incubation in patients compared to donors.SDI correlated with the percentage increase in sperm DNA damage following incubation for 24 h in samples treated with NADPH (r=0.7,P=0.008) and controls (r=0.58,P=0.04). Conclusion:SDI may be a useful tool in identifying potential infertile males with abnormal prevalence of oxidative stress (OS)-induced DNA damage.NADPH plays a role in ROS-mediated sperm DNA damage,which appears to be more evident in infertile patients with semen samples containing a high incidence of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa.

Assessment of Photochemical Reflectance Index as a Tool for Evaluation of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Cotton and Peanut Cultivars Under Water Stress Condition

The relationships between photochemical reflectance index （PRI） and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were examined to assess suitability of PRI as a remote-sensing tool for the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using cotton and peanut crops under water stress condition. Five cotton and six peanut cultivars were grown using Andosole soil in pots maintained at two water levels; the control and water stress treatment （WS） of 100 and 50% of the daily transpiration, respectively. Higher non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） was exhibited by peanut than that of cotton by the water stress. On the other hand, the decreases of the actual quantum yield of photosystem II （△F/F＇m） and PRI by the water stress in cotton were larger than those in peanut. There were positively significant correlation coefficients between PRI and △F/F＇m in cotton at noon and in the afternoon including the control and WS. The correlations of PRI with NPQ were negatively significant at noon and in the afternoon for cotton, and in the afternoon for peanut. No clear relationship was found among these parameters in the morning probably due to the diurnal increase in global solar radiation. It was concluded that there would be a possibility to detect the effects of water stress on △F/F＇m and NPQ by PRI with some exceptions, although PRI could not note varietals differences in △F/F＇m and NPQ for each treatment.

Effects of Compound α-Ketoacid Tablets on renal function, renal fibrosis indexes and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Objective: To investigate the effects of Compound α-Ketoacid Tablets on renal function, renal fibrosis indexes and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Methods: A total of 180 patients with diabetic nephropathy admitted to Nephrology Department of our hospital were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 90 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were given conventional treatment, such as antihypertensive drugs, diet and blood glucose control, and the patients in the observation group were given Compound α-Ketoacid Tablets on the basis of the control group. Renal function, renal fibrosis index and oxidative stress levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, the levels of serum ALB, BUN, Cr, Hcy, VEGF and MDA in two groups were significantly decreased than those before the treatment, and the levels of ALB, Hcy, VEGF and MDA in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant. After treatment, the levels of serum GFR, HGF, T-AOC and SOD in two groups were significantly increased than that before the treatment, and the levels of HGF, T-AOC and SOD in the serum of the observation group were significantly higher than that in the control group, the difference was significant. Conclusion:The Compound α-Ketoacid Tablets has good effect in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. It can effectively improve the state of renal fibrosis and reduce the oxidative stress reaction of the patients, so as to achieve the protection of the kidney.

A behavior and physiology-based decision support tool to predict thermal comfort and stress in non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late-gestation sows

Background:Although thermal indices have been proposed for swine,none to our knowledge differentiate by reproductive stage or predict thermal comfort using behavioral and physiological data.The study objective was to develop a behavior and physiology-based decision support tool to predict thermal comfort and stress in multiparous(3.28±0.81)non-pregnant(n=11),mid-gestation(n=13),and late-gestation(n=12)sows.Results:Regression analyses were performed using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4 to determine the optimal environmental indicator[dry bulb temperature(TDB)and dew point]of heat stress(HS)in non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and lategestation sows with respiration rate(RR)and body temperature(TB)successively used as the dependent variable in a cubic function.A linear relationship was observed for skin temperature(T_(S))indicating that TDB rather than the sow HS response impacted T_(S)and so T_(S)was excluded from further analyses.Reproductive stage was significant for all analyses(P<0.05).Heat stress thresholds for each reproductive stage were calculated using the inflections points of RR for mild HS and TB for moderate and severe HS.Mild HS inflection points differed for non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late gestation sows and occurred at 25.5,25.1,and 24.0℃,respectively.Moderate HS inflection points differed for non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late gestation sows and occurred at 28.1,27.8,and 25.5℃,respectively.Severe HS inflection points were similar for non-pregnant and mid-gestation sows(32.9℃)but differed for late-gestation sows(30.8℃).These data were integrated with previously collected behavioral thermal preference data to estimate the TDB that non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late-gestation sows found to be cool(TDB<TDB preference range),comfortable(TDB=TDB preference range),and warm(TDB preference range<TDB<mild HS).Conclusions:The results of this study provide valuable information about thermal comfort and thermal stress thresholds in sows at three reproductive stages.The development of a behavior and physiology-based decision support tool to predict thermal comfort and stress in non-pregnant,mid-gestation,and late-gestation sows is expected to provide swine producers with a more accurate means of managing sow environments.

Neural Network Model for Classifying the Economic Recession and Construction of Financial Stress Index

In this paper, a C5.0 decision tree and neural network models are proposed to classify recessions in the US with 12 common financial indices and new financial stress indices inferred from the neural network models are created. A detailed experiment is presented and demonstrates that the neural network models with proper regularization and dropout achieve 98% accuracy in the training set, 97% accuracy in validation set and 100% accuracy in test accuracy. The financial stress indices outperform other existing financial stress indices in many scenes and can accurately locate crisis events even the most recent 2018 US Bear Market. With these models and new indices, contraction can be detected before NBER’s announcement and action could be taken as early as the situation get worse.

Correlation between shock index and inflammation, oxidative stress as well as target organ damage in patients with sepsis

Objective:To study the correlation between shock index and inflammation, oxidative stress as well as target organ damage in patients with sepsis.Methods: A total of 70 patients with sepsis treated in our hospital between March 2013 and May 2016 were collected and divided into no shock group (SI<0.5) (n=11), general shock group (0.5 SI 2) (n=42) and severe shock group (SI>2.0) (n=17) according to the shock index (SI). Immediately after admission, serum levels of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress indexes and liver function indexes were detected.Results:Serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), total bilirubin (TB),γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of severe shock group and general shock group were higher than those of no shock group while anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-13 (IL-13), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptorⅠ(sTNF-RI), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were lower than those of no shock group;serum IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, AOPPs, TB, GGT and ALT levels of severe shock group were higher than those of general shock group while IL-10, IL-13, sTNF-RI, CAT, GSH-Px and SOD levels were lower than those of general shock group.Conclusion:The higher the shock index in patients with sepsis, the more severe the inflammation, oxidative stress and target organ damage, and the two are positively correlated.

Effects of glucocorticoid combined with antibiotics on serum infection indexes, acute phase proteins and stress hormones in patients with severe pneumonia

Objective: To study the effects of glucocorticoid combined with antibiotics on serum infection indexes, acute phase proteins and stress hormones in patients with severe pneumonia. Methods: a total of 80 patients with severe pneumonia who were hospitalized between August 2014 and January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the routine treatment group (n=46) who received conventional antibiotic therapy and the combined treatment group (n=34) who received glucocorticoid combined with antibiotic therapy, and the differences in infection indexes, acute proteins and stress hormones were compared between the two groups of patients before and after treatment. Results: The differences in serum levels of infection indexes, acute phase proteins and stress hormones were not statistically significant between the two groups before treatment. After 1 week of treatment, serum infection indexes CRP and PCT levels of observation group were lower than those of control group;serum acute phase proteins α1-AT, α1-AG and CER levels were lower than those of control group;serum stress hormones Cor, AngⅠ and AngⅡ levels were lower than those of control group. Conclusion:Glucocorticoid combined with antibiotics can effectively inhibit systemic infection and stress and optimize the illness in patients with severe pneumonia.

Testing the Proposed Municipality Resilience Index to Climate Change Shocks and Stresses in Mbale Municipality in Eastern Uganda

Since climate change shocks and stresses cannot be fully prevented, building resilient urban areas is gaining more attention in the global community. By building resilience, the negative impacts of climate change shocks and stresses can be alleviated. Several indices have been developed to measure urban resilience. Yet, most of these indices focus more on objective methods which require robust bio-physical and socio-economic data sets which are generally lacking in many developing countries. To reduce this challenge, the use of subjective methods has recently been suggested. This study proposed and tested a Municipality Resilience Index (MRI) which employed a subjective method to assess the resilience of Mbale municipality in Eastern Uganda against climate change shocks and stresses. The proposed MRI includes 46 variables describing the physical, social, economic and institutional dimensions. The MRI can be applied in any municipality in developing countries facing climate related shocks and stresses and with limited survey data. The application of this index to Mbale municipality shows that the municipality has a low resilience index of 0.2. Similarly, most variables in the four dimensions of resilience reflected very low resilience scores with other divisions being more resilient than the others. Furthermore, the social dimension has the lowest score as compared to the physical, economic and institutional dimensions. The findings indicate a spatial variability in the contribution of the resilience dimensions within this small geographic confine. Moreover, the findings show the strengths and weaknesses in the different dimensions of the proposed MRI. This can act as a guide for policy and practitioners on which sectors to target in order to enhance the resilience of Mbale municipality.

基于氧化应激生物标志物的抗生素制药废水生态风险评价

近年来我国制药产业发展迅速,由此产生了大量的制药废水。制药废水尤其是抗生素制药废水的排放,对水环境造成了潜在威胁。以石家庄市某制药厂达标排放的抗生素制药废水为研究对象,将斑马鱼暴露于不同浓度的抗生素制药废水中(体积分数为10%、40%、70%),分别于第3、6、9、12、15天测定斑马鱼肌肉组织中活性氧自由基(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)和磷酸化组蛋白H2AX(γ-H2AX)6项氧化应激生物标志物的活性或含量,并基于生物标志物测定结果计算基于改进的综合生物标志物响应指数(IBR v2)以评价其生态风险。结果表明:抗生素制药废水的胁迫使斑马鱼肌肉组织产生了氧化应激反应,但不同实验组之间的响应时间存在差异,暴露第6天时,70%实验组的ROS含量、CAT活性、GSH含量、MDA含量和γ-H2AX含量均较对照组发生了显著的变化(p<0.001),响应时间早于10%和40%实验组,表明高浓度抗生素制药废水胁迫能够快速诱导斑马鱼产生氧化应激反应;基于6项肌肉组织氧化应激生物标志物的IBR v2值计算结果显示,达标排放的抗生素制药废水仍具有较高的环境风险,且高浓度的制药废水产生的生态风险更加快速和持久。本研究可为抗生素制药废水生态风险评价和相关排放标准的制定和完善提供参考。