Electrooxidation of Nitric Oxide at a Glass Carbon Electrode Modified with Functionalized Single-walled Carbon Nanotube

The electrocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide（NO） at a glass carbon electrode（GC） modified with functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWCNTs） was investigated by cyclic voltammetry（CV） and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）.It was found that the SWCNT modified electrode could speed greatly up the electron transfer rate compared with the bare GC electrode.After the SWCNT was treated with alkali or mixed acids,the reaction rate and activation energy of NO electrooxidation were changed to different extent.Chemical modification of the SWCNT surface is one of the most powerful methods to change the sensitivity of NO electrooxidation reaction.The modified electrode with SWCNT obtained by the firstly alkali treatment and then the mixed acids treatment was the best one for NO electrooxidation,the result of CV was also confirmed by that of EIS.The anodic processes of NO were recognized more clearly by exploring the reaction mechanism of NO electrooxidation at the SWCNT modified electrode.

Development of a microcomposite with single-walled carbon nanotubes and Nd_2O_3 for determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical dosage by adsorptive voltammetry

This study presents for the first time a new composite of carbon paste(CP), single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) and Nd2 O3(NdOX). This versatile composite(NdOX-SWCNT/CPE) was applied to the oxidation of paracetamol(PCM). The newly formed surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and cyclic voltammetry(CV). The results showed greater conductivity and a higher surface area for the composite than those of the carbon paste alone. Moreover, the anodic peak currents for PCM increased from 1.6 to 3.6 m A with CPE and NdOXSWCNT/CPE, indicating an increase of nearly 51.0% for the anodic peak current. On the other hand, the anodic peak potentials shifted from 0.67 to 0.57 V. The detection limits were 0.05 mmol/L with NdOXSWCNT/CPE and 0.50 mmol/L with SWCNT/CPE. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) were 1.5%(n=7). The accuracy and interference of the methods were evaluated with a urine chemistry control spiked with known quantities of PCM, uric acid, dopamine, ascorbic acid, caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid,tartrazine, sunset yellow, allure red, rutin, morin and metal ions. Finally, the novelty and usefulness of the composite were evaluated to quantify PCM in pharmaceutical dosage forms such as tablets, powders and syrups for children.

Effect of a Nerve Graft Substitute Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes on Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were extensively explored for their beneficial use in nervous system tissue engineering. However, an important concern regarding the use of CNTs is their toxicity during the interaction between cells and the nano particles. The rat pheochromocytoma cell line （PC12） was co-cultured with three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs）, purified raw SWNTs （C）, hydroxyl purified SWNTs （C-OH） and carboxyl purified SWNTs （C-COOH） at 25 μg/mL and 100 μg/ml. The experimental results revealed that SWNTs at the concentration below 100 μg/mL did not affect the cell viability. Notably, powerful antioxidant system in nerous system tissue is able to counteract with the toxicity of CNTs, which is characterized by the prominently enhanced expression of main antioxidant enzymes （catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx） and glutathione-S-transferase （GST））. Therefore, we believe that CNTs can be good candidates for the fabrication of biomedical scaffolds for the nerve tissue repair.

Nanosized Rh grown on single-walled carbon nanohorns for efficient methanol oxidation reaction

Reasonable design and controllable synthesis of non-Pt catalysts with high methanol oxidation activity are regarded as a valid way to promote the large-scale com-mercial applications of direct methanol fuel cells(DMFCs).Herein,we develop a convenient and cost-ef-fective approach to the successful fabrication of nanosized Rh grown on single-walled carbon nanohorns(Rh/SWCNH)as anode catalysts for DMFCs.The unique architectural configuration endows the as-obtained hybrids with a series of intriguing structural merits,including large specific surface areas,abundant opened holes,optimized electronic structures,homogeneous Rh dispersion,and good electrical conductivity.As a consequence,the resulting Rh/SWCNH catalysts exhibit exceptional elec-trocatalytic properties in terms of a large electrochemically active surface area of 102.5 m^(2)·g^(-1),a high mass activity of 784.0 mA·mg^(-1),as well as reliable long-term durability towards the methanol oxidation reaction in alkaline media,thereby holding great potential as alternatives for com-mercial Pt/carbon black and Pd/carbon black catalysts.

Applications of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns and Their Toxicities

1 Results Single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWNH) aggregate ,composed of thousands of graphitic tubules (2 -5nmin diameter and 40 -50 nminlength) with a conical"horn-like"cap,has spherical structure with a diam-eter of about 100 nm(Fig.1)[1].The SWNHs contain no metal catalyst ,because they are produced bylaserablation of pure graphite targets .

Increased chemical reactivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes on oxide substrates： In situ imaging and effect of electron and laser irradiations

We studied the oxygen etching of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes on silicon oxide substrates using atomic force microscopy and high-temperature environmental scanning electron microscopy. Our in situ observations show that carbon nanotubes are not progressively etched from their ends, as frequently assumed, but disappear segment by segment. Atomic force microscopy, before and after oxidation, reveals that the oxidation of carbon nanotubes on substrates proceeds through a local cutting that is followed by a rapid etching of the disconnected nanotube segment. Unexpectedly, semiconducting nanotubes appear more reactive under these conditions than metallic ones. We also show that exposure to electron and laser beams locally increases the chemical reactivity of carbon nanotubes on such substrates. These results are rationalized by considering the effect of substrate-trapped charges on the nanotube density of states close to the Fermi level, which is impacted by the substrate type and the exposure to electron and laser beams.

Preparation and electromagnetic shielding properties of PET/rGO/SWCNT composite fabric

Graphene oxide(GO)with excellent dispersion ability can assist the dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT)and promote the formation of uniform and stable GO/SWCNT coating liquid.The highly conductive polyethylene terephthalate/reduced graphene oxide/SWCNT(PET/rGO/SWCNT)electromagnetic shielding composite fabric was successfully prepared by anchoring rGO/SWCNT on PET fabric via dip-coating piror to low-temperature thermal reduction.The results showed that the carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups formed of hydrophilic-treated PET were conducive to the formation of hydrogen bonds with that of GO,which enhanced the interaction between PET fabric and GO/SWCNT coating;the loading of GO/SWCNT increased with the number of dip-coating,the unit area loading of rGO/SWCNT in the final composite fabric was 2.7 mg/cm^(2) after 10 dip-coating cycles and thermal reduction;the PET/rGO/SWCNT composite fabric had a continuous and dense conductive network,with a conductivity of up to 41.6 S/m and the average electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness in X-band was 22 dB;the flexible PET/rGO/SWCNT composite fabric was not only easy to process,but also exhibited excellent conductivity and shielding efficiency,showing great potential in the application of electromagnetic shielding fabrics.

单壁碳纳米角的氧化、修饰及分散性

研究了影响单壁碳纳米角(SWNHs)分散性的因素,并初步探讨了其分散机制,通过氧化及表面修饰等方法增强了SWNHs在水和盐溶液中的分散性.考察了溶液酸碱度和电解质浓度对SWNHs在水中的分散性以及吐温80对SWNHs在磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中的分散性的影响.结果表明,pH值为6～10时,SWNHs分散良好;电解质浓度越大,SWNHs的分散性越差;吐温80能有效改善SWNHs在PBS中的分散性.比较了3种SWNHs的氧化方法,红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、透射电镜、粒度分析及Zeta电位分析结果表明,氙灯催化过氧化氢氧化SWNHs的方法可引入大量含氧官能团,显著提高了SWNHs在水中的分散性.选择两亲性和生物相容性极好的羧基化磷脂聚乙二醇(DSPE-PEG-COOH)修饰氧化处理后的碳纳米角(SWNHox),并从分散稳定性和Zeta电位两个方面进行了表征,发现用DSPE-PEG-COOH修饰的SWNHox在PBS中的分散性良好.该研究为SWNHs应用于药物转运和生物传感奠定了实验基础。

氧化单壁碳纳米角对环丙沙星的吸附动力学及热力学研究

本文研究讨论氧化单壁碳纳米角(ox SWNHs)对环丙沙星的吸附行为,考察其吸附动力学和热力学.结果表明,ox SWNHs对环丙沙星的吸附量为347 mg/g,且其吸附动力学行为符合伪二级模型. ox SWNHs对环丙沙星的吸附量随着温度的升高而增加,使用Langmuir方程及Freundlich方程能较好的拟合吸附过程,但Freundlich拟合效果更加.所得热力学参数表明,ox SWNHs对环丙沙星的吸附是一个吸热熵增的自发过程.

Wide temperature range,air stable,transparent,and self-powered photodetectors enabled by a hybrid film of graphene and singlewalled carbon nanotubes

Transparent photovoltaic devices(TPVDs)have attracted increasing attention in emerging electronic devices.As the application scenarios extend,there raise higher requirements regarding the stability and operating temperature range of TPVDs.In this work,a unique preparation strategy is proposed for air stable TPVD with a wide operating temperature range,i.e.,a nanoscale architecture termed as H-TPVD is constructed that integrates a free-standing and highly transparent conductive hybrid film of graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes(G-SWNT TCF for short)with a metal oxide NiO/TiO_(2)heterojunction.The preparation approach is suitable for scaling up.Thanks to the excellent transparent conductivity of the freestanding G-SWNT hybrid film and the ultrathin NiO/TiO_(2)heterojunction(100 nm),H-TPVD selectively absorbs the ultraviolet(UV)band of sunlight and has a transparency of up to 71%in the visible light.The integrated nanoscale architecture manifests the significant holecollecting capability of the G-SWNT hybrid film and the efficient carrier generation and separation within the ultrathin NiO/TiO_(2)heterojunction,resulting in excellent performance of the H-TPVD with a specific detectivity of 2.7×10^(10) Jones.Especially,the freestanding G-SWNT TCF is a super stable and non-porous two-dimensional film that can insulate gas molecules,thereby protecting the surface properties of NiO/TiO_(2)heterojunctions and enhancing the stability of H-TPVD.Having subjected to 20,000 cycles and storage in air for three months,the performance parameters such as photo-response signal,output power,and specific detectivity show no noticeable degradation.In particular,the as-fabricated self-powered H-TPVD can operate over a wide temperature range from −180 to 300℃,and can carry out solar-blind UV optical communication in this range.In addition,the 4×4 array H-TPVD demonstrates clear optical imaging.These results make it possible for H-TPVD to expand its potential application scenarios.

氧化单壁碳纳米角对金霉素的吸附动力学及热力学研究

研究氧化单壁碳纳米角(ox SWNHs)对金霉素的吸附行为,考察其吸附动力学和热力学。结果表明,ox SWNHs是一种优于活性炭的新型碳纳米材料,对金霉素的吸附量为397mg/g,且其吸附动力学行为符合伪二级模型。ox SWNHs对金霉素的吸附量随着温度的升高而增加,使用Langmuir方程及Freundlich方程均能较好地拟合吸附过程,但Freundlich拟合效果更加。所得热力学参数表明,ox SWNHs对金霉素的吸附是一个吸热熵增的自发过程。

Carbon nanostructure morphology templates nanocomposites for phosphoproteomics

Protein and peptide phosphorylation regulate numerous pathological processes,however,their characterization is challenging due to their low abundance and transient nature.Therefore,nanomaterials are being developed to address this demanding task.In particular,carbon nanostructures are attracting interest as scaffolds for functional nanocomposites,yet only isolated studies exist on the topic,and lttle is known on the effect of nanocarbon morphology on templating nanocomposites.In this work,we compared oxidized carbon nanotubes,graphene oxide,oxidized carbon nanohorns and oxidized graphitized carbon black,as scaffolds for magnetized nanocomposites.The nanomaterials were extensively characterized with experimental and in silico techniques.Next,they were applied to phosphopeptide enrichment from cancer cell lysates for NanoHPLC-MS/MS,with selectivity as high as nearly 90%and several-thousand identification hits.Overall,new insights emerged for the understanding and the design of nanocomposites for phosphoproteomics.

基于氧化单壁碳纳米角的荧光适配体传感器对胰岛素的检测

构建了一种基于氧化单壁碳纳米角(oxSWCNHs)荧光适配体传感器用于胰岛素的检测。合成了水溶性的单壁碳纳米角和羧基荧光素(FAM)标记的胰岛素适配体,该适配体能与胰岛素进行高亲和力和强特异性的结合。当体系中没有胰岛素存在时,FAM标记的适配体可以被oxSWCNHs吸附,致使体系具有较低的荧光强度;当体系中有胰岛素存在时,胰岛素可以与其适配体进行强特异性结合,导致FAM标记的适配体远离oxSWCNHs表面,FAM荧光不能被oxSWCNHs淬灭,体系具有较强的荧光强度,实现荧光强度的增强。研究了淬灭剂的用量、反应时间的影响,同时进行了选择性、干扰实验和实际样品分析等。该传感器的线性范围为0~1.6 nmol/L,检出限为0.1 nmol/L,可用于小鼠血清中胰岛素的测定。