Effect of surfactants on the structure and photoelectric properties of ITO films by sol-gel method

The Indium tin oxide（ITO） thin film possesses excellent photoelectric properties that enable it to act as an ideal transparent conductor.To obtain high-quality ITO films through sol-gel method, the ionic surfactant monoethanolamine and the non-ionic surfactant polyethylene glycol（PEG） were added to the ITO precursor slurry.The influences of surfactants on the structural and photoelectric properties of ITO film samples were investigated.XRD patterns indicated that surfactant monoethanolamine contributed to film predominant grain orientation along the（400） plane.The high transmittance（over 95%） was attributed to the preferred orientation and the grain size expansion of ITO films.SEM showed that the surface particle size and the morphology of ITO films were strongly dependent on the kind of surfactants used.Moving to the shortwave region, the absorption edge of the films exhibited the Burstein-Moss shift.

Immobilization of metalloporphyrins on CeO_2@SiO_2 with a core-shell structure prepared via microemulsion method for catalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene

Ce O2@Si O2 core-shell nanoparticles were prepared by microemulsion method, and metalloporphyrins were immobilized on the Ce O2@Si O2 core-shell nanoparticles surface via amide bond. The supported metalloporphyrin catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm(BET), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). The results show that the morphology of Ce O2@Si O2 nanoparticles is core-shell microspheres with about 30 nm in diameter, and metalloporphyrins are immobilized on the Ce O2@Si O2 core-shell nanoparticles via amide bond. Especially, the core-shell structure contains multi Ce O2 core and thin Si O2 shell, which may benefit the synergistic effect between the Ce O2 core and the porphyrin anchored on the very thin Si O2 shell. As a result, this supported metalloporphyrin catalysts present comparably high catalytic activity and stability for oxidation of ethylbenzene with molecular oxygen, namely, ethylbenzene conversion remains around 12% with identical selectivity of about 80% for acetophenone even after six-times reuse of the catalyst.

Perovskite Sr0.9Fe0.9Zr0.1O3-δ:Redox-stable Structure,Oxygen Vacancy,Electrical Properties and Steam Electrolysis Performance

Many researchers have studied on perovskite oxide for its unique structure.Perovskite oxides,ABO3-δ,with different A and B metals have shown wide applications in many fields,in particular solid oxide electrolysers.SrFeO3-δ,typical perovskite oxides,in which iron is the mixed-valence cation with the capacity to change the chemical valence,have a wide range of oxygen nonstoichiometry.In this study,Sr（0.9）Fe（0.9）Zr（0.1）O3-δ（SFZO） is synthesized and then treated in 5%H2/Ar and air at high temperature,exhibiting excellent redox stability.Redox-stable structure,oxygen vacancy and electrical properties of SFZO are investigated.Steam electrolysis is then performed with SFZO cathode under 5%H2O/5%H2/Ar and 5%H2O/Ar atmospheres,respectively.The present results indicate that the SFZO is a novel promising cathode material for solid oxide steam electrolyser.

Phase Behavior of BaLn_2Mn_2O_7 (Ln=Rare Earth) with a Layered Perovskite Structure

Many phases appear in BaLn 2Mn 2O 7 family (Ln=rare earth) belonging to one of the Ruddlesden-Popper type compounds, depending upon the experimental conditions such as heating conditions when prepared and composition. Some of these phases were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction method using Rietveld analysis. These phases have only a little difference in crystal structure which has fundamentally K 2NiF 4 type structure, although the X-ray diffraction patterns are clearly different: a little deformation or tilting of the oxygen octahedron surrounding a central manganese ion composing the main frame of this structure induce these different diffraction patterns. Phase behavior of these compounds, mainly the detailed relation between various phases in BaTb 2Mn 2O 7, was refined including the data of high temperature X-ray diffractometry.

Memory Behaviors Based on ITO/Graphene Oxide/Al Structure

We investigate the memory properties of the ITO/graphene oxide/Al diodes. It is found that the devices show different memory behaviors with the diverse geometry and thickness of Al. When the thickness of the Al electrode is relatively thick, the device of the cross-point Al electrode shows a three-level memory effect, and the counterpart device of the cross-bar Al electrode exhibits a volatile static random access memory effect. When the thickness of the AI electrode is thinner, the above devices demonstrate a flash memory effect. The different memory behaviors of ITO/GO/AI diodes are ascribed to the mode and degree of reduction and oxidation of GO.

Core-shell structured Ru-Ni@SiO_2: Active for partial oxidation of methane with tunable H_2/CO ratio

This study demonstrated that a Ru-Ni bimetallic core-shell catalyst（0.6%Ru-Ni）@Si O2with a proper surface Ru concentration is superior in achieving better catalytic activity and tunable H2/CO ratio at a comparatively lower reaction temperature（700℃）.Compared to the impregnation method,the hydrothermal approach leads to a highly uniform Ru distribution throughout the core particles.Uniform Ru distribution would result in a proper surface Ru concentration as well as more direct Ru-Ni interaction,accounting for better catalyst performance.Enriched surface Ru species hinders surface carbon deposition,but also declines overall activity and H2/CO ratio,meanwhile likely enhances Ni oxidation to certain degree under the applied reaction conditions.Over the current（m%Ru-Ni）@Si O2catalyst,the formation of fibrous carbon species is suppressed,which accounts for good stability of catalyst within a TOS of 10 h.

Synthesis and Structure of 3-Trichlorostannylpropionate Complexes with Dibutylsulfoxide and Pyridine Oxide

A series of 3-trichlorostannylpropionate complexes with dibutylsulfoxide and pyridine oxide were synthesized by transesterification reaction and characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR, NMR(H-1,C-13) and X-ray single crystal diffraction.

Morphology and Structure of SiO_2 Film Using Thermal Oxidation Process on(111)Silicon Crystals in Dry Oxygen Atmosphere

By means of scanning electron microscope(SEM)and high voltage electron microscope(HVEM)we have observed and analysed morphology and micro-structure of silicon oxide film with different thickness formed on(111)silicon monocrystal under dry oxygen atmosphere at 1100℃.Compared with their oxidation kinetic curves consisted of three stages,we suggested a mechanism on forming silicon oxide film.According to electron and X-ray diffraction analyses the silicon oxide films consisted of silica with different crystal structure.We also have discussed a stacking fault and a dislocation formed in the Si-Sio_2 interface region simulaneously forming silicon oxide film.

Structural,Morphological and Electrical Properties of In-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructure Thin Films Grown on p-Type Gallium Nitride by Simultaneous Radio-Frequency Direct-Current Magnetron Co-Sputtering

Zinc oxide （ZnO） is one of the most promising and frequently used semiconductor materials. In-doped nanos- tructure ZnO thin films are grown on p-type gallium nitride substrates by employing the simultaneous rf and dc magnetron co-sputtering technique. The effect of In-doping on structural, morphological and electrical properties is studied. The different dopant concentrations are accomplished by varying the direct current power of the In target while keeping the fixed radio frequency power of the ZnO target through the co-sputtering deposition technique by using argon as the sputtering gas at ambient temperature. The structural analysis confirms that all the grown thin films preferentially orientate along the c-axis with the wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure without having any kind of In oxide phases. The presenting Zn, 0 and In elements＇ chemical compositions are identified with EDX mapping analysis of the deposited thin films and the calculated M ratio has been found to decrease with the increasing In power. The surface topographies of the grown thin films are examined with the atomic force microscope technique. The obtained results reveal that the grown film roughness increases with the In power. The Hall measurements ascertain that all the grown films have n-type conductivity and also the other electrical parameters such as resistivity,mobility and carrier concentration are analyzed.

Syntheses，Structures and Properties of Some New Composition Perovskite Compounds：Sr0．6Bi0．4FeO2．7，Sr1－xBixFeO3－y and Ba1．5Pt0．5Mn2O6

New composition perovskite-type compounds with formula Sr0.6Bi0.4FeO2.7,Sr1-xBixFeO3-y(x=0.1 to 0. 9 in interveral of 0.1),and Ba1.5Pt0.5Mn2O6 have been synthsized and structurally characterized.The crystal structure of Sr0.6Bi0.4FeO2.7has been determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction,and the data of neutron powder diffraction collected at both room temperature and elevated temperature(380℃).The compound Sr0.6Bi0.4FeO2.7 crystallizes in the cubic space group of Pm3m with Z=1,a=3.9330(6) at room temperature,a=3.9498(6)A at 380℃.The magnetic structure from the neutron powder diffraction data collected at room temperature is consistent with a simple G-type antiferromagnetism and has a magnetic moment of 4.98 μB per Fe atom.The structures of Sr1-xBixFeO3-y with x other than 0.4 were also refined from the X-ray powder diffraction data.The data were consistent with a tetragonal cell when x=0.1,a rhombohedral cell when x= 0.9,and a cubic cell for x=0.2～0.8.From single crystal X-ray diffraction data,Ba1.5Pt0.5Mn2O6 crystallizes in hexagonal space group of P63mc with a= 5.7722 (6),c=4.4504(9),V=128.42(2),Z=1.The Sr(1-x)BixFeO(3-y)are found to be a good electronic and ionic conductor.

Stimulated photoluminescence emission and trap states in Si/SiO_2 interface formed by irradiation of laser

Stimulated photoluminescence （PL） emission has been observed from an oxide structure of silicon when optically excited by a radiation of 514nm laser. Sharp twin peaks at 694 and 692nm are dominated by stimulated emission, which can be demonstrated by its threshold behaviour and linear transition of emission intensity as a function of pump power. The oxide structure is formed by laser irradiation on silicon and its annealing treatment. A model for explaining the stimulated emission is proposed, in which the trap states of the interface between an oxide of silicon and porous nanocrystal play an important role.

Effect of the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio and FeO content on the viscosity of CaO–SiO2–“FeO”–12wt%ZnO–3wt%Al2O3 slags

An effective process for recycling lead from hazardous waste cathode ray tubes（CRTs） funnel glass through traditional lead smelting has been presented previously. The viscous behavior of the molten high lead slag, which is affected by the addition of funnel glass, plays a critical role in determining the production efficiency. Therefore, the viscosities of the CaO–SiO_2–＂FeO＂–12wt%ZnO–3wt%Al_2O_3 slags were measured in the current study using the rotating spindle method. The slag viscosity decreases as the CaO/SiO_2 mass ratio is increased from 0.8 to 1.2 and also as the FeO content is increased from 8wt% to 20wt%. The breaking temperature of the slag is lowered substantially by the addition of FeO, whereas the influence of the CaO/SiO_2 mass ratio on the breaking temperature is complex. The structural analysis of quenched slags using Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy reveals that the silicate network structure is depolymerized with increasing CaO/SiO_2 mass ratio or increasing FeO content. The [FeO_6]-octahedra in the slag melt increase as the CaO/SiO_2 mass ratio or the FeO content increases. This increase can further decrease the degree of polymerization（DOP） of the slag. Furthermore, the activation energy for viscous flow decreases both with increasing CaO/SiO_2 mass ratio and increasing FeO content.

Heterogeneous catalytic partial oxidation of lower alkanes(C_1–C_6) on mixed metal oxides

This review paper aims at analysing the state of the art for partial oxidation and oxidative dehydrogenation（ODH） reactions of lower alkanes C–Cinto olefins and oxygenated products（aldehydes, anhydrides,carboxylic acids） on metal oxide catalysts with cations of variable oxidation state, such as Mo and V in particular. Key parameters to be met by the catalysts, such as their redox properties, their structural aspects, active sites composed of ensembles of atoms isolated one from the others, mechanisms of reactions, are discussed. Main features of the different reactions of C–Calkanes and catalysts are analysed and their generalisation for determining more active and more selective catalysts is attempted. Prospective views for the future of the domain are proposed.

Early Osseointegration of Implants with Cortex-like TiO2 Coatings Formed by Micro-arc Oxidation:A Histomorphometric Study in Rabbits

In our previous studies, a novel cortex-like Ti O2 coating was prepared on Ti surface through micro-arc oxidation（MAO） by using sodium tetraborate as electrolyte, and the effects of the coating on cell attachment were testified. This study aimed to investigate the effects of this cortex-like MAO coating on osseointegration. A sand-blasting and acid-etching（SLA） coating that has been widely used in clinical practice served as control. Topographical and chemical characterizations were conducted by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, contact angle meter, and step profiler. Results showed that the cortex-like coating had microslots and nanopores and it was superhydrophilic, whereas the SLA surface was hydrophobic. The roughness of MAO was similar to that of SLA. The MAO and SLA implants were implanted into the femoral condyles of New Zealand rabbits to evaluate their in-vivo performance through micro-CT, histological analysis, and fluorescent labeling at the bone-implant interface four weeks after surgery. The micro-CT showed that the bone volume ratio and mean trabecular thickness were similar between MAO and SLA groups four weeks after implantation. Histological analysis and fluorescent labeling showed no significant differences in the bone-implant contact between the MAO and SLA surfaces. It was suggested that with micro/nanostructure and superhydrophilicity, the cortex-like MAO coating causes excellent osseointegration, holding a promise of an application to implant modification.

Doping Effect of CuO on CeO_2 for CO Oxidation

Cu-Ce-O catalysts, prepared by the amorphous citrate precursor (ACP) method, wereinvestigated by ICP, XRD and ndcro-reactor techniques. At low copper content of Cu-Ce-Ocatalysts, fluorite structures formed at low calcining temperatures, and Cuo doped into the CeO2matrix; at high copper content, in addition to the fluorite structure, crystalline monoclinic phaseCuO formed as well at high calcining temperatures. There was no other phase formed even calcinedat 1000℃. The results show that only a little CuO dopes into the CeO2 matrix to form complexoxide, which promotes the catalytic activity of CO oxidation greatly. The optimum Cu-Ce-Ocatalyst is composed of 15% copper by Cu/(Ce+Cu) atomic ratio, and calcined at 700℃ for 4h. Thephase compositions include the crystalline CuO and the active complex oxide with fluoritestructure. The formulation of the active complex oxide is Cu0.06Ce0. 94O1.94.

Prediction of Superconductivity for Oxides Based on Structural Parameters and Artificial Neural Network Method

Superconductive properties for oxides were predicted by artificial neural network (ANN) method with structural and chemical parameters as inputs. The predicted properties include superconductivity for oxides, distributed ranges of the superconductive transition temperature (Tc) for complex oxides, and Tc values for cuprate superconductors. The calculated results indicated that the adjusted ANN can be used to predict superconductive properties for unknown oxides.

Self-Supported Nanoporous Gold with Gradient Tin Oxide for Sustainable and Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in Neutral Media

Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in neutral medium suffers from slow kinetics as compared to that in alkaline or acidic conditions,owing to larger Ohmic loss and low proton concentration.Here we report that a self-supported nanoporous Au-SnO_(x)(NP Au-SnO_(x))catalyst with gradient tin oxide surface could significantly enhance HER activity in neutral buffer solution(0.2 M PBS).The NP Au-SnO_(x)catalyst exhibits a low onset overpotential of 38 mV and a small Tafel slope of 79 mV dec^(−1).The current density of 10 mA cm^(−2)is manifested at an overpotential as low as 148 mV,representing the comparable performance of Pt/C catalyst.This high catalytic activity can retain at least 10 hours without any detectable decay.The superior HER activity is proposed to originate from the gradient SnO_(x)structure and metal/oxide interfaces in nanoporous ligaments.Furthermore,the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the gradient oxide in the ligament is remarkably stable during long-term reaction.

Study on TEMPO-Mediated Selective Oxidation of Alkaline Natural Cellulose Pulp and Properties of Its Products

It has been reported that natural cellulose （cellulose I） can not be oxidized by TEMPO - NaOCI - NaBr system, one of TEMPO-mediated selective oxidant systems, but regenerated cellulose （cellulose Ⅱ ） can be completely selectively oxidized. In the present work, natural cellulose pulp was treated with NaOH solution, which concentration is lower than 20 wt%. The alkaline celluloses obtained were oxidized by TEMPO - NaOCI - NaBr system and the factors which influence the selective oxidation reaction rate have been investigated. The structure of the oxidized products has been characterized by Fourier transform-infrared （FTIR）, nuclear magenatic resonace （NMR） and wide angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD） methods, and their adsorption properties for Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋ in aqueous solutions have been preliminarily examined. The results show that after the alkaline treatment, the primary hydroxyl at C6 position of natural cellulose can be selectively oxidized to carboxyl group in the reaction medium at pH 10.8, the oxidation rate becomes greater with the NaOH concentration and alkaline treatment time increasing. The alkaline treatment has a great effect on the crystal structure of natural cellulose, but the crystal structure of alkaline cellulose keeps almost unchanged after oxidation. The adsorption capacity is enhanced by introducing carboxyl groups into the cellulose macromolecular chains.

Study on catalysts for combustion of lean CH_4

in this study, cerarnics honeycomb-supported ABO_3 perovskite type oxides were preparedby changing the composition of A and B site cations, and observed their activities for lean CH.oxidation. In the case of change in A site composition La_(0.3)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3 and La_(0.6)Sr_3MnO_3 is the mostactive catalysts for 1 v% CH_4 and 2 v% CH_4 respectively. But LaMn_(0.5)Co_(0.5)O_3 oxide is the best ac-tive catalyst for 1-2v% CH_4 among the oxides by changing B site compositions of LaBO_3 and su-perior to La_(0.3)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3 and La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)MnO_3 catalysts.Adding trace Pd improved the activity and characteristics of space velocity for LaMn_(0.5)CO_(0.5)O_3and La_(0.3)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3 Although LaMn_(0.5)Co_(0.5)O_3 +Pd (0.03 wt%) was less active than the Pd catalyst,the activity was more than Pt catalyst at a conversion level below 90%.

Researches on the problems in the production of low nickel austenitic stainless steel

Problems encountered in the production of low nickel austenitic stainless steel have been studied. These problems primarily include the changes to the microstructure of the slab during the heating process, the formation and removal of deformation - induced martensite during cold rolling, and the effects of the annealing process on the surface oxide structure. A reasonable manufacturing process has been proposed on the basis of the research results and high-quality cold-rolled strips of low nickel austenitic stainless steel have been produced.