Ridgetail white prawn （Exopalaemon carinicauda） are of significant economic importance in China where they are widely cultured. However, there is little information on the basic biology of this species. We evaluated...Ridgetail white prawn （Exopalaemon carinicauda） are of significant economic importance in China where they are widely cultured. However, there is little information on the basic biology of this species. We evaluated the effect of temperature （16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34℃） on the standard metabolic rates （SMRs） of juvenile and adult E. carinicauda in the laboratory under static conditions. The oxygen consumption rate （OCR）, ammonia-N excretion rate （AER）, and atornic ratio of oxygen consumed to nitrogen consumed （O：N ratio） of juvenile and adult E. carinicauda were significantly influenced by temperature （P〈0.05）. Both the OCR and AER of juveniles increased significantly with increasing temperature from 16 to 34℃, but the maximum OCR for adults was at 31℃. Juvenile shrimp exhibited a higher OCR than the adults from 19 to 34℃. There was no significant difference between the AERs of the two life-stages from 16 to 31 ℃ （P〉0.05）. The O：N ratio in juveniles was significantly higher than that in the adults over the entire temperature range （P〈0.05）. The temperature coefficient （Q_10） of OCR and AER ranged from 5.03 to 0.86 and 6,30 to 0.85 for the adults, respectively, and from 6,09-1.03 and 3.66-1.80 for the juveniles, respectively. The optimal temperature range for growth of the juvenile and adult shrimp was from 28 to 31℃, based on Q_10 and SMR values. Results from the present study may be used to guide pond culture production ofE. carinicauda.展开更多
Purpose： The purpose of this study was to determine the extent that a static stretching program could increase heart rate （HR） and oxygen consumption （VO2）, and if the increases were sufficient to serve as a warm...Purpose： The purpose of this study was to determine the extent that a static stretching program could increase heart rate （HR） and oxygen consumption （VO2）, and if the increases were sufficient to serve as a warm-up for aerobic activity. Methods： The HR and VO2 of 15 male and 16 female college students were measured after either 12 min of passive static stretching （SS）, or 12 rain pseudo-stretching （PS）, which consisted of moving through the stretching positions without placing the muscles on stretch. Four different lower body stretches were used with each stretch held for 30 s before the participant moved to a different position, with the circuit being repeated four times. VO2 was determined by averaging breath-by-breath measures over the total 12 min. HR was obtained every 30 s and the 24 values were averaged. Warm-up benefit was determined from the 02 deficit accrued during 7-min cycling at 60% VOzmax. Results： HR （beats/rain, mean 4. SD） for SS （84 ± 11） was a significant （p 〈 0.05） 9% greater than PS （78 ± 12）. Similarly, VO2 （mL/min, mean 4. SD） for SS （0.53 ± 0.13） was a significant 44% greater than PS （0.38 ± 0.11）. The O2 deficit （L, mean 4, SD） for SS （0.64 ± 1.54） was not different from PS （0.72 ± 1.61）. Conclusion： These data indicate that passive static stretching increases both HR and VO2, indicating that metabolic activity can be increased without muscle activation. The magnitude of the increases, however, is not sufficient to elicit a warm-up effect.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011BAD13B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program)(No.41376165)the China Agriculture Research System CARS-47
文摘Ridgetail white prawn （Exopalaemon carinicauda） are of significant economic importance in China where they are widely cultured. However, there is little information on the basic biology of this species. We evaluated the effect of temperature （16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34℃） on the standard metabolic rates （SMRs） of juvenile and adult E. carinicauda in the laboratory under static conditions. The oxygen consumption rate （OCR）, ammonia-N excretion rate （AER）, and atornic ratio of oxygen consumed to nitrogen consumed （O：N ratio） of juvenile and adult E. carinicauda were significantly influenced by temperature （P〈0.05）. Both the OCR and AER of juveniles increased significantly with increasing temperature from 16 to 34℃, but the maximum OCR for adults was at 31℃. Juvenile shrimp exhibited a higher OCR than the adults from 19 to 34℃. There was no significant difference between the AERs of the two life-stages from 16 to 31 ℃ （P〉0.05）. The O：N ratio in juveniles was significantly higher than that in the adults over the entire temperature range （P〈0.05）. The temperature coefficient （Q_10） of OCR and AER ranged from 5.03 to 0.86 and 6,30 to 0.85 for the adults, respectively, and from 6,09-1.03 and 3.66-1.80 for the juveniles, respectively. The optimal temperature range for growth of the juvenile and adult shrimp was from 28 to 31℃, based on Q_10 and SMR values. Results from the present study may be used to guide pond culture production ofE. carinicauda.
文摘Purpose： The purpose of this study was to determine the extent that a static stretching program could increase heart rate （HR） and oxygen consumption （VO2）, and if the increases were sufficient to serve as a warm-up for aerobic activity. Methods： The HR and VO2 of 15 male and 16 female college students were measured after either 12 min of passive static stretching （SS）, or 12 rain pseudo-stretching （PS）, which consisted of moving through the stretching positions without placing the muscles on stretch. Four different lower body stretches were used with each stretch held for 30 s before the participant moved to a different position, with the circuit being repeated four times. VO2 was determined by averaging breath-by-breath measures over the total 12 min. HR was obtained every 30 s and the 24 values were averaged. Warm-up benefit was determined from the 02 deficit accrued during 7-min cycling at 60% VOzmax. Results： HR （beats/rain, mean 4. SD） for SS （84 ± 11） was a significant （p 〈 0.05） 9% greater than PS （78 ± 12）. Similarly, VO2 （mL/min, mean 4. SD） for SS （0.53 ± 0.13） was a significant 44% greater than PS （0.38 ± 0.11）. The O2 deficit （L, mean 4, SD） for SS （0.64 ± 1.54） was not different from PS （0.72 ± 1.61）. Conclusion： These data indicate that passive static stretching increases both HR and VO2, indicating that metabolic activity can be increased without muscle activation. The magnitude of the increases, however, is not sufficient to elicit a warm-up effect.
