The effects of gas composition, temperature, ore to coke ratio and prereduction rate of ore on coke degradation were studied. The results showed that 1% increment in solution loss of coke reduces coke strength by 0.6%...The effects of gas composition, temperature, ore to coke ratio and prereduction rate of ore on coke degradation were studied. The results showed that 1% increment in solution loss of coke reduces coke strength by 0.6%, and the coke degradation is accelerated with the temperature. The higher the temperature, the more coke surface is involved in reactions, and the less negative effect on coke strength is. Hydrogen exerts stronger effect on coke degradation than CO at high temperature. The coke degradation is decreased with the reduction of ore to coke ratio and increase of ore prereduction rate.展开更多
Many people who live in the low altitude areas are often suffered from hypoxia when they entered the high plateau. This problem may seriously influence the physical and mental state and work efficacy for the travelers...Many people who live in the low altitude areas are often suffered from hypoxia when they entered the high plateau. This problem may seriously influence the physical and mental state and work efficacy for the travelers and workers. Oxygen enrichment of a small space air at high altitude is considered as a simple way to provide lowlanders enriched oxygen for sleeping and resting, improving work efficiency, so we developed an oxygen concentration machine based on the technology of oxygen enrichment membrane. This paper tested 8 healthy male lowlanders (age 21.63±1.77 yr) who have never exposed to plateau performed an incremental exercise on cycle ergometer at sea-level in order to be used as sea-level controls. Two days later, the same subjects were taken to Lhasa (3700 m) by air and exposed to the plateau, performed the same exercise as they did at sea-level. The next day, all subjects were asked to enter the experimental tent which was enriched with oxygen (higher than 24%) by the oxygen concentration machine and sleep for 10 hours at night, then exposed to plateau and performed the same exercise twice at different time (2 hours and 10 hours after oxygen enrichment). During the tests, subjects must cycled continuously at 60 rpm beginning with a 3 min exercise intensity of 0 W followed by incremental increases of 25 W every 3 min until 150 W, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. After sleeping in an oxygen enrichment of tent air, 2 hours later, the subjects’ load capacity had no difference compared with control group, but significant difference than before (higher SpO2 and lower HR), which indicated that oxygen concentration machine is effective in increasing the oxygen concentration of the air for the tent and sleeping in the oxygen enrichment tent for l0 h might be effective in improving exercise performance during high-altitude hypoxia. At the same time, 10 hours later, when work-load exceeded 125 W, the same effects were also found. The results indicated the effects of oxygen enrichment of tent air could last a certain period of time.展开更多
Based on a six-cylinder direct injection diesel engine, the engine operating condition was simulated by application AVL-FIRE software coupling the n-heptane reduced mechanism containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon...Based on a six-cylinder direct injection diesel engine, the engine operating condition was simulated by application AVL-FIRE software coupling the n-heptane reduced mechanism containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation. The simulation and its verification test were both carried out under the maximum torque point. Then, the oxygen enriched combustion was simulated on the model, and the simulated condition was oxygen volume fraction from 21% to 30%. The simulation results show that, the oxygen enrichment (from 21% to 30%) increases the peak cylinder pressure of 3.32%, advances the start of combustion of 1.6 deg and rises the peak of average temperature in cylinder and wall heat flux. Among them, at the condition of 24% O2, the change of the results is the most significant. Benzene (A1) is one of the precursors of soot generated, the analysis of its impress-cuts of the mass distribution field in cylinder shows that, the increase of oxygen concentration can significantly inhibit the formation of benzene. But the oxygen enrichment makes the combustion more sufficient, cased a rise in the cylinder temperature, an extension in high temperature area, and an increment in the NOx emission.展开更多
The large amount of municipal wastewater discharged into urban rivers sometimes exceeds the rivers’self-purification capacity leading to black-odorous polluted water.Electro-flocculation has emerged as a powerful rem...The large amount of municipal wastewater discharged into urban rivers sometimes exceeds the rivers’self-purification capacity leading to black-odorous polluted water.Electro-flocculation has emerged as a powerful remediation technology.Electro-flocculation in a bubble column tower with a bipolar electrode(BPE)was tested in an attempt to overcome the high resistance and weak gas-floatation observed with a monopolar electrode(MPE)in treating such water.The BPE reactor tested had a Ti/Ta2O_(5)-IrO_(2)anode and a graphite cathode with an iron or aluminum bipolar electrode suspended between them.It was tested for its ability to reduce turbidity,phosphate and sulphion and to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen.The inclusion of the bipolar electrode was found to distinctly improved the system’s conductivity.The system’s electro-flocculation and electrical floatation removed turbidity,phosphate and sulphion completely,and the dissolved oxygen level improved from 0.29 to 6.28 mg/L.An aluminum bipolar electrode performed better than an iron one.Changes in the structure of the microbial community confirmed a significant improvement in water quality.展开更多
This paper presents a novel method that uses the interception effect of gradient magnetic field on oxygen molecules to realize enrichment.The use of two opposite magnetic poles of two magnets at a certain distance for...This paper presents a novel method that uses the interception effect of gradient magnetic field on oxygen molecules to realize enrichment.The use of two opposite magnetic poles of two magnets at a certain distance forms a magnetic space having a field intensity gradient near its borders.When air injected into the magnetic space outflows from the magnetic space via its borders,oxygen molecules in the air will experience the interception effect of the gradient magnetic field,but nitrogen molecules will outflow from the magnetic space without hindrance.Thus,continuous oxygen enrichment is realized.The enrichment degree of oxygen reaches 0.65%when the inlet and outlet air flows are 40 mL/min and 20 mL/min,respectively,and the gas temperature is 298 K and the maximal product of magnetic flux density and its gradient is 563 T2/m(the distance between two magnetic poles is 1 mm).When the gas temperature rises to 343 K,the enrichment degree drops to 0.32%;and when the maximal product of magnetic flux density and field intensity gradient drops to 101 T2/m(the distance between two magnetic poles is 4 mm),the enrichment degree drops to 0.23%.The experimental results show that there is an optimal ratio between the inlet air flow and the outlet air flow.Under the experimental conditions in this paper,the value is about 2.0.It is demonstrated that the method presented in this paper can continuously enrich oxygen and has a higher enrich-ment degree than other oxygen-enrichment methods using magnetic separation.展开更多
To achieve high-efficiency utilization of complex and unmanageable iron-containing minerals,the effects of oxygen enrichment on productivity,yield,flame front speed,exhaust gas peak temperature,and desulphurization re...To achieve high-efficiency utilization of complex and unmanageable iron-containing minerals,the effects of oxygen enrichment on productivity,yield,flame front speed,exhaust gas peak temperature,and desulphurization reaction of the vanadium-titanium magnetite sintering process as well as sinter tumble index and mineralogy were clarified,with oxygen enrichment concentrations ranging from 21 to 29 vol.%.Results indicated that with increasing the oxygen enrichment concentration from 21 to 27 vol.%,the flame front speed increased from 30.3 to 40.0 mm min^(-1),the yield enhanced from 72%to 77%,and the productivity augmented from 1.83 to 2.67t m^(-2)h^(-1);in the meantime,the tumble index was improved from 73.7%to 77.9%,and the exhaust gas peak temperature rose from 376.4 to 484.8℃.The main reason for the improvement in sintering properties was the increased combustibility of fuels and the generation of proper liquid phase that improved the permeability of the packed bed.The improved sinter strength is mainly due to the increase in the phase fraction of silico-ferrites of calcium and aluminium.In addition,oxygen enrichment sintering could significantly increase the desulphurization level of vanadium-titanium magnetite sinter and the rate of desulphurization reaction during sintering process.展开更多
Two-stage underground coal gasification was studied to improve the caloric value of the syngas and to extend gas production times.A model test using the oxygen-enriched two-stage coal gasification method was carried o...Two-stage underground coal gasification was studied to improve the caloric value of the syngas and to extend gas production times.A model test using the oxygen-enriched two-stage coal gasification method was carried out.The composition of the gas produced,the time ratio of the two stages,and the role of the temperature field were analysed.The results show that oxygen-enriched two-stage gasification shortens the time of the first stage and prolongs the time of the second stage.Feed oxygen concentrations of 30%, 35%,40%,45%.60%,or 80%gave time ratios(first stage to second stage) of 1:0.12,1:0.21.1:0.51,1:0.64, 1:0.90.and 1:4.0 respectively.Cooling rates of the temperature field after steam injection decreased with time from about 19.1-27.4℃/min to 2.3-6.8℃/min.But this rate increased with increasing oxygen concentrations in the first stage.The caloric value of the syngas improves with increased oxygen concentration in the first stage.Injection of 80%oxygen-enriched air gave gas with the highest caloric value and also gave the longest production time.The caloric value of the gas obtained from the oxygenenriched two-stage gasification method lies in the range from 5.31 MJ/Nm^3 to 10.54 MJ/Nm^3.展开更多
For capturing and recycling of CO2 in the internal combustion engine, Rankle cycle engine can reduce the exhaust pollutants effectively under the condition of ensuring the engine thermal efficiency by using the techni...For capturing and recycling of CO2 in the internal combustion engine, Rankle cycle engine can reduce the exhaust pollutants effectively under the condition of ensuring the engine thermal efficiency by using the techniques of spraying water in the cylinder and optimizing the ignition advance angle. However, due to the water spray nozzle need to be installed on the cylinder, which increases the cylinder head design difficulty and makes the combustion conditions become more complicated. In this paper, a new method is presented to carry out the closing inlet and exhaust system for internal combustion engines. The proposed new method uses liquid oxygen to solidify part of cooled CO2 from exhaust system into dry ice and the liquid oxygen turns into gas oxygen which is sent to inlet system. The other part of CO2 is sent to inlet system and mixed with oxygen, which can reduce the oxygen-enriched combustion detonation tendency and make combustion stable. Computing grid of the IP52FMI single-cylinder four-stroke gasoline-engine is established according to the actual shape of the combustion chamber using KIVA-3V program. The effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate are analyzed on the temperatures, the pressures and the instantaneous heat release rates when the EGR rate is more than 8%. The possibility of enclosing intake and exhaust system for engine is verified. The carbon dioxide trapping device is designed and the IP52FMI engine is transformed and the CO2 capture experiment is carried out. The experimental results show that when the EGR rate is 36% for the optimum EGR rate. When the liquid oxygen of 35.80-437.40 g is imported into the device and last 1-20 min, respectively, 21.50-701.30 g dry ice is obtained. This research proposes a new design method which can capture CO2 for vehicular internal combustion engine.展开更多
A novel Pressurized Enriched Oxygen Biological Activated Carbon (PRBAC) method in treating secondary effluent of textile dying-printing & alkali peeling wastewater was configured. The PRBAC reactor simply increased...A novel Pressurized Enriched Oxygen Biological Activated Carbon (PRBAC) method in treating secondary effluent of textile dying-printing & alkali peeling wastewater was configured. The PRBAC reactor simply increased reactor pressure to create an eurtched dissolved oxygen (DO) environment to stimulate the bioactivities of microbes on GAC surface for removing refractory organic matter. Rapid Small- Scaled Colunm Test (RSSCT) was carried out to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of target stream constituents, and over 80% COD components were poorly adsorbable while about 82.5% color inducing matter and 85% UV254 surrogated matter were readily adsorbable. Compared with performances of normal BAC reactor under conventional DO condition, PRBAC achieved 20%, 10% and 50% more removal in COD, color and NH3-N abatement.展开更多
Four different pulverized coals have been used to study the effects of oxygen concentration on combustion characteristics under different enriched-oxygen conditions by entrained flow reactor experiments. The results s...Four different pulverized coals have been used to study the effects of oxygen concentration on combustion characteristics under different enriched-oxygen conditions by entrained flow reactor experiments. The results show that: with the increase of oxygen concentration, the ignition temperature of four coals greatly decreases and the low volatile coals decrease faster; with the increase of oxygen concentration, the ignition mode of pulverized coal has an obviously transformation from homogeneous ignition to heterogeneous ignition, and the corresponding oxygen concentrations are about 40% and 50%-60% respectively for bituminous coal and lignite, and both about 30% for lean coal and anthracite; with the increase of oxygen concentration, the optimal pulverized coal concentrations of bituminous coal and lignite increase firstly and then decrease, but for lean coal and anthracite, the optimal pulverized coal concentrations decrease slowly with the increase of oxygen concentration.展开更多
Objective While the technology of the molecular sieve oxygen generation system(MSOGS) onboard was used,pilots could not breathe pure oxygen to eliminate nitrogen during a high altitude flight.There is no report whethe...Objective While the technology of the molecular sieve oxygen generation system(MSOGS) onboard was used,pilots could not breathe pure oxygen to eliminate nitrogen during a high altitude flight.There is no report whether it is a threat to altitude decompression sickness(ADS) or not in that condition.This experiment was intended to observe the effects of breathing different oxygen-rich gases of MSOGS on denitrogenation,so that we could make the medical physiological requirements for MSOGS on-board and provide experimental basis for aeromedical supply.Method Eight healthy males were breathed oxygenrich gases(60%,70%,80%,90%and 99.6%) in turn for 60 min,and the concentration of nitrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide and argon at the end of expiration interval in the oxygen mask were continuously measured by a flight mass spectrometer through the oxygen mask.According to the variety of the denitrogenation rate by breathing different oxygen-rich gases,its change law was analyzed.Results There were significant differences(P<0.05) about denitrogenation rate in different oxygen-rich gases due to different oxygen concentration and breathing time.The denitrogenation rate of pure oxygen was higher than that of the others.It was indicated that the concentration of nitrogen in lung would decrease along with the increase in oxygen concentration of oxygen-rich gases,and the nitrogen concentration in the lung almost decreased by 50% or even more if people were breathed 60%~90% oxygen-rich gas longer than 60 s.Conclusion The man-made respiration environment of low nitrogen can be provided by breathing oxygen-rich gases,although the denitrogenation velocity of breathing oxygen-rich gases is lower than that of breathing pure oxygen.So it can be used as a measure to eliminate and lower the nitrogen in the body to prevent from ADS.展开更多
文摘The effects of gas composition, temperature, ore to coke ratio and prereduction rate of ore on coke degradation were studied. The results showed that 1% increment in solution loss of coke reduces coke strength by 0.6%, and the coke degradation is accelerated with the temperature. The higher the temperature, the more coke surface is involved in reactions, and the less negative effect on coke strength is. Hydrogen exerts stronger effect on coke degradation than CO at high temperature. The coke degradation is decreased with the reduction of ore to coke ratio and increase of ore prereduction rate.
文摘Many people who live in the low altitude areas are often suffered from hypoxia when they entered the high plateau. This problem may seriously influence the physical and mental state and work efficacy for the travelers and workers. Oxygen enrichment of a small space air at high altitude is considered as a simple way to provide lowlanders enriched oxygen for sleeping and resting, improving work efficiency, so we developed an oxygen concentration machine based on the technology of oxygen enrichment membrane. This paper tested 8 healthy male lowlanders (age 21.63±1.77 yr) who have never exposed to plateau performed an incremental exercise on cycle ergometer at sea-level in order to be used as sea-level controls. Two days later, the same subjects were taken to Lhasa (3700 m) by air and exposed to the plateau, performed the same exercise as they did at sea-level. The next day, all subjects were asked to enter the experimental tent which was enriched with oxygen (higher than 24%) by the oxygen concentration machine and sleep for 10 hours at night, then exposed to plateau and performed the same exercise twice at different time (2 hours and 10 hours after oxygen enrichment). During the tests, subjects must cycled continuously at 60 rpm beginning with a 3 min exercise intensity of 0 W followed by incremental increases of 25 W every 3 min until 150 W, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. After sleeping in an oxygen enrichment of tent air, 2 hours later, the subjects’ load capacity had no difference compared with control group, but significant difference than before (higher SpO2 and lower HR), which indicated that oxygen concentration machine is effective in increasing the oxygen concentration of the air for the tent and sleeping in the oxygen enrichment tent for l0 h might be effective in improving exercise performance during high-altitude hypoxia. At the same time, 10 hours later, when work-load exceeded 125 W, the same effects were also found. The results indicated the effects of oxygen enrichment of tent air could last a certain period of time.
文摘Based on a six-cylinder direct injection diesel engine, the engine operating condition was simulated by application AVL-FIRE software coupling the n-heptane reduced mechanism containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation. The simulation and its verification test were both carried out under the maximum torque point. Then, the oxygen enriched combustion was simulated on the model, and the simulated condition was oxygen volume fraction from 21% to 30%. The simulation results show that, the oxygen enrichment (from 21% to 30%) increases the peak cylinder pressure of 3.32%, advances the start of combustion of 1.6 deg and rises the peak of average temperature in cylinder and wall heat flux. Among them, at the condition of 24% O2, the change of the results is the most significant. Benzene (A1) is one of the precursors of soot generated, the analysis of its impress-cuts of the mass distribution field in cylinder shows that, the increase of oxygen concentration can significantly inhibit the formation of benzene. But the oxygen enrichment makes the combustion more sufficient, cased a rise in the cylinder temperature, an extension in high temperature area, and an increment in the NOx emission.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51878321 and 21866017)Application Fundamental Research Foundation of Yunnan Province,China(No.2018FA007).
文摘The large amount of municipal wastewater discharged into urban rivers sometimes exceeds the rivers’self-purification capacity leading to black-odorous polluted water.Electro-flocculation has emerged as a powerful remediation technology.Electro-flocculation in a bubble column tower with a bipolar electrode(BPE)was tested in an attempt to overcome the high resistance and weak gas-floatation observed with a monopolar electrode(MPE)in treating such water.The BPE reactor tested had a Ti/Ta2O_(5)-IrO_(2)anode and a graphite cathode with an iron or aluminum bipolar electrode suspended between them.It was tested for its ability to reduce turbidity,phosphate and sulphion and to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen.The inclusion of the bipolar electrode was found to distinctly improved the system’s conductivity.The system’s electro-flocculation and electrical floatation removed turbidity,phosphate and sulphion completely,and the dissolved oxygen level improved from 0.29 to 6.28 mg/L.An aluminum bipolar electrode performed better than an iron one.Changes in the structure of the microbial community confirmed a significant improvement in water quality.
基金supported by the Key Project of Beijing Municipal Committee of Education(Grant No.00020)the Foundation Project of University of Science and Technology Beijing(Grant No.20040600290),China.
文摘This paper presents a novel method that uses the interception effect of gradient magnetic field on oxygen molecules to realize enrichment.The use of two opposite magnetic poles of two magnets at a certain distance forms a magnetic space having a field intensity gradient near its borders.When air injected into the magnetic space outflows from the magnetic space via its borders,oxygen molecules in the air will experience the interception effect of the gradient magnetic field,but nitrogen molecules will outflow from the magnetic space without hindrance.Thus,continuous oxygen enrichment is realized.The enrichment degree of oxygen reaches 0.65%when the inlet and outlet air flows are 40 mL/min and 20 mL/min,respectively,and the gas temperature is 298 K and the maximal product of magnetic flux density and its gradient is 563 T2/m(the distance between two magnetic poles is 1 mm).When the gas temperature rises to 343 K,the enrichment degree drops to 0.32%;and when the maximal product of magnetic flux density and field intensity gradient drops to 101 T2/m(the distance between two magnetic poles is 4 mm),the enrichment degree drops to 0.23%.The experimental results show that there is an optimal ratio between the inlet air flow and the outlet air flow.Under the experimental conditions in this paper,the value is about 2.0.It is demonstrated that the method presented in this paper can continuously enrich oxygen and has a higher enrich-ment degree than other oxygen-enrichment methods using magnetic separation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974054 and 52174300)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0583).
文摘To achieve high-efficiency utilization of complex and unmanageable iron-containing minerals,the effects of oxygen enrichment on productivity,yield,flame front speed,exhaust gas peak temperature,and desulphurization reaction of the vanadium-titanium magnetite sintering process as well as sinter tumble index and mineralogy were clarified,with oxygen enrichment concentrations ranging from 21 to 29 vol.%.Results indicated that with increasing the oxygen enrichment concentration from 21 to 27 vol.%,the flame front speed increased from 30.3 to 40.0 mm min^(-1),the yield enhanced from 72%to 77%,and the productivity augmented from 1.83 to 2.67t m^(-2)h^(-1);in the meantime,the tumble index was improved from 73.7%to 77.9%,and the exhaust gas peak temperature rose from 376.4 to 484.8℃.The main reason for the improvement in sintering properties was the increased combustibility of fuels and the generation of proper liquid phase that improved the permeability of the packed bed.The improved sinter strength is mainly due to the increase in the phase fraction of silico-ferrites of calcium and aluminium.In addition,oxygen enrichment sintering could significantly increase the desulphurization level of vanadium-titanium magnetite sinter and the rate of desulphurization reaction during sintering process.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50876112)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2009QH13)the Program of International S&T Cooperation (No.2009DFR60180,No.2010DFR60610)
文摘Two-stage underground coal gasification was studied to improve the caloric value of the syngas and to extend gas production times.A model test using the oxygen-enriched two-stage coal gasification method was carried out.The composition of the gas produced,the time ratio of the two stages,and the role of the temperature field were analysed.The results show that oxygen-enriched two-stage gasification shortens the time of the first stage and prolongs the time of the second stage.Feed oxygen concentrations of 30%, 35%,40%,45%.60%,or 80%gave time ratios(first stage to second stage) of 1:0.12,1:0.21.1:0.51,1:0.64, 1:0.90.and 1:4.0 respectively.Cooling rates of the temperature field after steam injection decreased with time from about 19.1-27.4℃/min to 2.3-6.8℃/min.But this rate increased with increasing oxygen concentrations in the first stage.The caloric value of the syngas improves with increased oxygen concentration in the first stage.Injection of 80%oxygen-enriched air gave gas with the highest caloric value and also gave the longest production time.The caloric value of the gas obtained from the oxygenenriched two-stage gasification method lies in the range from 5.31 MJ/Nm^3 to 10.54 MJ/Nm^3.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51176082)Importation and Development of High-Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions of China(Grant No.CIT&TCD20140311)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.SQKZ201510016004)
文摘For capturing and recycling of CO2 in the internal combustion engine, Rankle cycle engine can reduce the exhaust pollutants effectively under the condition of ensuring the engine thermal efficiency by using the techniques of spraying water in the cylinder and optimizing the ignition advance angle. However, due to the water spray nozzle need to be installed on the cylinder, which increases the cylinder head design difficulty and makes the combustion conditions become more complicated. In this paper, a new method is presented to carry out the closing inlet and exhaust system for internal combustion engines. The proposed new method uses liquid oxygen to solidify part of cooled CO2 from exhaust system into dry ice and the liquid oxygen turns into gas oxygen which is sent to inlet system. The other part of CO2 is sent to inlet system and mixed with oxygen, which can reduce the oxygen-enriched combustion detonation tendency and make combustion stable. Computing grid of the IP52FMI single-cylinder four-stroke gasoline-engine is established according to the actual shape of the combustion chamber using KIVA-3V program. The effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate are analyzed on the temperatures, the pressures and the instantaneous heat release rates when the EGR rate is more than 8%. The possibility of enclosing intake and exhaust system for engine is verified. The carbon dioxide trapping device is designed and the IP52FMI engine is transformed and the CO2 capture experiment is carried out. The experimental results show that when the EGR rate is 36% for the optimum EGR rate. When the liquid oxygen of 35.80-437.40 g is imported into the device and last 1-20 min, respectively, 21.50-701.30 g dry ice is obtained. This research proposes a new design method which can capture CO2 for vehicular internal combustion engine.
文摘A novel Pressurized Enriched Oxygen Biological Activated Carbon (PRBAC) method in treating secondary effluent of textile dying-printing & alkali peeling wastewater was configured. The PRBAC reactor simply increased reactor pressure to create an eurtched dissolved oxygen (DO) environment to stimulate the bioactivities of microbes on GAC surface for removing refractory organic matter. Rapid Small- Scaled Colunm Test (RSSCT) was carried out to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of target stream constituents, and over 80% COD components were poorly adsorbable while about 82.5% color inducing matter and 85% UV254 surrogated matter were readily adsorbable. Compared with performances of normal BAC reactor under conventional DO condition, PRBAC achieved 20%, 10% and 50% more removal in COD, color and NH3-N abatement.
文摘Four different pulverized coals have been used to study the effects of oxygen concentration on combustion characteristics under different enriched-oxygen conditions by entrained flow reactor experiments. The results show that: with the increase of oxygen concentration, the ignition temperature of four coals greatly decreases and the low volatile coals decrease faster; with the increase of oxygen concentration, the ignition mode of pulverized coal has an obviously transformation from homogeneous ignition to heterogeneous ignition, and the corresponding oxygen concentrations are about 40% and 50%-60% respectively for bituminous coal and lignite, and both about 30% for lean coal and anthracite; with the increase of oxygen concentration, the optimal pulverized coal concentrations of bituminous coal and lignite increase firstly and then decrease, but for lean coal and anthracite, the optimal pulverized coal concentrations decrease slowly with the increase of oxygen concentration.
文摘Objective While the technology of the molecular sieve oxygen generation system(MSOGS) onboard was used,pilots could not breathe pure oxygen to eliminate nitrogen during a high altitude flight.There is no report whether it is a threat to altitude decompression sickness(ADS) or not in that condition.This experiment was intended to observe the effects of breathing different oxygen-rich gases of MSOGS on denitrogenation,so that we could make the medical physiological requirements for MSOGS on-board and provide experimental basis for aeromedical supply.Method Eight healthy males were breathed oxygenrich gases(60%,70%,80%,90%and 99.6%) in turn for 60 min,and the concentration of nitrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide and argon at the end of expiration interval in the oxygen mask were continuously measured by a flight mass spectrometer through the oxygen mask.According to the variety of the denitrogenation rate by breathing different oxygen-rich gases,its change law was analyzed.Results There were significant differences(P<0.05) about denitrogenation rate in different oxygen-rich gases due to different oxygen concentration and breathing time.The denitrogenation rate of pure oxygen was higher than that of the others.It was indicated that the concentration of nitrogen in lung would decrease along with the increase in oxygen concentration of oxygen-rich gases,and the nitrogen concentration in the lung almost decreased by 50% or even more if people were breathed 60%~90% oxygen-rich gas longer than 60 s.Conclusion The man-made respiration environment of low nitrogen can be provided by breathing oxygen-rich gases,although the denitrogenation velocity of breathing oxygen-rich gases is lower than that of breathing pure oxygen.So it can be used as a measure to eliminate and lower the nitrogen in the body to prevent from ADS.