Application of Hazard Vulnerability Analysis Based on Kaiser Model in Neonatal Breast Milk Management

Objective:To analyze the existing risks in breast milk management at the neonatal department and provide corresponding countermeasures.Methods:22 risk events were identified in 7 risk links in the process of bottle-feeding of breast milk.Hazard Vulnerability Analysis based on the Kaiser model was applied to investigate and evaluate the risk events.Results:High-risk events include breast milk quality inspection,hand hygiene during collection,disinfection of collectors,cold chain management,hand hygiene during the reception,breast milk closed-loop management,and post-collection disposal.Root cause analysis of high-risk events was conducted and breast milk management strategies outside the hospital and within the neonatal department were proposed.Conclusion:Hazard Vulnerability Analysis based on the Kaiser model can identify and assess neonatal breast milk management risks effectively,which helps improve the management of neonatal breast milk.It is conducive to the safe development and promotion of bottle feeding of breast milk for neonates,ensuring the quality of medical services and the safety of children.

Risk Analysis of Big Data Based on Cloud Computing for the Inspection and Testing of Toxic and Hazardous Substances in Meat Products

Large-scale data emerge in food safety inspection and testing industry with the development of Internet technology in China.This paper was aimed at designing toxic and hazardous substance big data risk analysis algorithm in food safety inspection and testing based on cloud computing^([1]).Cloud computing platform was set up to store the massive extensive data with geographical distribution,dynamic and high complexity from the Internet,and MapReduce^([2]) computational framework in cloud computing was applied to process and compute parallel data.The risk analysis results were obtained by analyzing 1000000 meat products testing data collected from the laboratory management information system based on web.The results show that food safety index IFS < 1,which proves that the food safety state is in good condition.

Spatial Analysis of Risks and Vulnerabilities to Major Hazards in Madagascar Using the Multi-Criteria Method Based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Natural disasters are not negligible factors that have significant impacts on a country’s development. Madagascar cannot escape cyclones, floods and drought due to its geographical situation. The objective in this work is to assess the risks and vulnerability to these hazards in order to strengthen the resilience of the Malagasy population. Our approach is based on multi-criteria spatial analysis using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results form decision spatial information that can be used at the strategic level of natural risk and disaster management. This work focuses on the degree of vulnerability and it was found in this study that the Androy and Atsimo-Atsinanana regions are the most vulnerable to major hazards in Madagascar not only because of their exposure to risk but also because of their very low socio-economic status.

Comparing rockfall hazard and risk assessment procedures along roads for different planning purposes

Hazard and risk assessment procedures of different types of rockfall were analyzed to compare their outcomes when they are applied to the same case study.Although numerous methodologies are available in literature,rockfall hazard and risk analyses are often limited to standard estimations,affected by a margin of uncertainty,especially when relevant engineering projects are about to be realized.Based on the design purpose,different types of approaches can be chosen among the qualitative and quantitative ones available in literature,which allow different levels of analysis.One of the main criticisms related to rockfall events is the risk affecting linear structures,such as road or railways,due both to their strategic relevance for trade and communications and to the great entity of the exposed value(traffic units)traveling along them.In this perspective,a comparison between the qualitative method known as Evolving Rockfall Hazard Assessment(EHRA),the semi-quantitative modified Rockfall Hazard Rating System(RHRS)and the quantitative Rockfall Risk Management(RoMa)approach is herein commented according to a practical application to a case study.It is the case of the rockfall threat along slopes crossed by a strategic road connecting two of the most known spots of eastern Sicily(Italy),at the Taormina tourist complex.Data were retrieved from both recent literature and technical surveys on field.Achieved results highlight how the approaches are affected by a different level of detail and uncertainty,arising also by some necessary assumption that must be taken into account,especially when mitigation measures or territory planning have to be designed.Achieved results can be also taken into account for similar studies worldwide,in order to choose the most suitable procedure based on the design purpose.This is indeed crucial in the perspective of the optimization of time and economic resources in the territorial planning practice.

Landslide Hazard and Risk Assessment on the Northern Slope of Mt. Changbai, China

Landslide hazard and risk assessment on the northern slope of Mt. Changbai, a well-known tourist attraction near the North Korean-Chinese border, are assessed. This study is divided into two parts, namely, landslide hazard zonation and risk assessment. The 1992 Anbalagan and Singh method of landslide hazard zonation （LHZ） was modified and used in this area. In this way, an Associative Analysis Method was used in representative areas to get a measure for controlling factors （slope gradient, relative relief, vegetation, geology, discontinuity development, weak layer thickness and ground water）. For the membership degree of factor to slope failure, the middle range of limited values was used to calculate LHZ. Based on an estimation of the potential damage from slope failure, a reasonable risk assessment map was obtained using the relationship of potential damage and probable hazard to aid future planning and prediction and to avert loss of life.

Risk analysis system of geo-hazard based on GIS technique

The socio-economic attribute of geo-hazard made us distinguish it from the traditional engineering geology study. It will get more social benefit from the analysis of the geo-hazard in the socio-economic attribute. The hazard and the vulnerability of the element controls the risk level of the regional geo-hazard. The risk analysis supported by GIS in geo-hazard study is one of the most important directions. Based on the author’s studies in recent years, a risk analysis system of regional geo-hazard (RiskAnly) has been developed on the basis of software MAPGIS. The paper introduces the train of system design, the structure and the workflow of RiskAnly. As a case study, the paper also deals with the risk zonation of the regional landslide hazard of China.

Sustainability of Bridges:Risk Mitigation for Natural Hazards

Bridges serve as essential parts of transportation infrastructure,facilitating the movement of people and goods across rivers,valleys,and other obstacles.However,they are also susceptible to a wide range of natural hazards,including floods,earthquakes,and landslides,which can damage or even collapse these structures,leading to severe economic and human losses.A risk index has been developed to address this issue,which quantifies the likelihood and severity of natural hazards occurring in a specific location.The application of risk indices for natural hazards in bridge management involves a data collection process and mathematical modelling.The data collection process gathers information on bridges’location,condition,and vulnerability,while mathematical modelling uses the data to assess the risk of natural hazards.Overall,risk indices provide a quantitative measure of the vulnerability of bridges to natural hazards and help to prioritize maintenance and repair activities.Mitigation measures are then evaluated and implemented based on the risk assessment results.By using this tool,the UBMS research group has developed an algorithm for risk assessment which will be essential in the decision-making process,specifically focused on enhancing Fund Optimization,Deterioration Modelling,and Risk Analysis.These developments effectively fulfill the primary objectives associated with addressing and mitigating hazards.This development also helps bridge managers understand the potential threats posed by natural hazards and allocate resources more efficiently to ensure the safety and longevity of critical transportation infrastructure.

Risk Matrix as a Tool for Risk Analysis in Underwater Operations in the Oil and Gas Industry

The study is a cross-sectional design assessment of the likelihood, frequency and severity of hazards associated with underwater operations in the Niger Delta. Five oil and gas companies were used for this study selected by a purposive method given that they had the highest number of workers involved in underwater operations. A sample size of 418 was computed to which the questionnaires were administered with response rate of 95.93%. Data analyses were carried out to cover descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Pearsonal correlation coefficients. The 4 by 4 risk assessment matrix for the likelihood and consequences showed that 8 out of 20 underwater hazards were categorized as having very high risk according to their risk ratings. The eight hazards categorized based on their risk IDs were H01, H03, H04, H08, H10, H11, H12, and H15. The 4 by 4 risk matrix for frequency and consequences revealed that two hazards (Piracy & bandit attack/kidnapping (H01) and Other main vessels/heavy object dropping or falling load/collision (H08)) were identified to be of very high risk.

Associations between Wildfire Risk and Socio-Economic-Demographic Characteristics Using GIS Technology

Wildfire is a natural hazard caused mostly by the interaction of human systems and natural phenomena. This research aims to investigate how extreme wildfire events and disasters that occurred in California in the recent three decades are related to socio-economic-demographic characteristics at the levels of census tracts and counties. In addition, this research will use the data of historic wildfires to show counties and census tracts vulnerable to the natural hazard as well as the cyclical changes such as seasonal and annual fluctuations in the wildfire occurrences in the state. To decide how those variables correlate, this research used a Geographic Information System (GIS) designed to collect, analyze, query, and display geographical information. Two types of secondary data were used to conduct the research. One is the geospatial data showing each location of wildfires. The other is the data about such sociodemographic characteristics as race, ethnicity, level of education, and income, which can be collected through the Bureau of Census. In particular, the research employing GIS-based spatial analysis created maps that represent information on the geographic locations of the wildfires at the different geographic levels as well as demographic and socioeconomic factors influenced by the potential risk of wildfires. There are several researching findings. First, this research showed the wildfire-prone communities have comparatively higher level of representation for the populations such as the White and Native Americans. Second, it reveals that Asian people would prefer to reside in communities with a lower level of wildfire risk. In contrast with previous research reporting the Black, Hispanic or Native American people are more vulnerable to wildfire, this research showed only the census tracts with the higher number of the Native Americans are more exposed to the wildfire risk, compared with other census tracts. Third, it revealed that people with a higher level of educational attainment would prefer to reside in communities with a lower level of chemical risk. Forth and lastly, this research indicates that the census tracts that have a higher median household income and median housing price have a negative relationship with the wildfire risk, meaning that people with a higher level of the income or a relatively higher-priced home prefer residing in communities less subject to the natural hazard. Therefore, it can be concluded that associations exist between wildfire risk and certain socio-economic and demographic characteristics.

Hazard identification and control in the pre-blasting process

Major mineral hazard identifications should consider perilous types of fatal accidents in collieries from its definition, and then set existent hazardous objects and their relevant amount as referenced factors. Eliminating hazards in systems and decreasing risks are their essential purposes with help of hazard identification, risk evaluation and management. By pre-control on major hazards, fatal accidents are avoided, stuffs＇ safety and healthy are protected, levels of safe management are enhanced, and perpetual systems are built up finally. However, choosing the proper identification and evaluation is a problem all along. Based on specific condition in Jiangou Coal Mine, method of LEC was applied for hazard identification and evaluation in the pre-blasting process within horizontal section top-coal mechanized caving of steep seams. And control measures to of each hazard were put forward. The identification method combining qualitative and quantitative analysis. So, it is practical and operable for the method to develop the given scientific research and has a distinctive impact on high efficiency and safety products for pre-blasting in horizontal section top-coal mechanized caving of steep seams.

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Rock Block Stability Using a Remotely Positioned Laser Doppler Vibrometer

This paper examines a new method of evaluating the stability of a rock slope using a remotely positioned LDV （laser Doppler vibrometer）. We conducted an experiment using physical models and performed a numerical analysis to evaluate the new method. The physical model included： （l） concrete blocks on an artificial soil slope with two block sizes and three slopes; （2） concrete blocks bonded to the concrete base with different contact area. The LDV measurements agreed with conventional seismometer measurements. The dominant frequency of the blocks varied with the stability and dominant frequency and the amplitude varied with the block size. The numerical model was used to examine a concrete block adhered to a concrete base with different contact areas. The dominant frequency of the blocks determined using the numerical model agreed with those obtained from the physical experiments. We analyzed different sized blocks to examine the scaling effects. The dominant frequency of the blocks was inversely related to the block size. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of LDV for evaluating the stability of rock slopes and cleared the block size scaling effects.

预先危险-失效模式与影响风险分析法在高校化工实验教学中的应用

高校化工实验教学过程中开展的很多实验存在实验药品有毒有害、实验设备复杂、实验过程危险性较高等特点,需要对实验进行风险分析并提出防范措施,保证实验教学安全性。本文以预先危险性分析(PHA)、失效模式与影响分析(FMEA)和风险矩阵法(LS)等风险分析法为基础,提出一种用于提高高校化工实验教学安全水平和准确性的评价方法——PHA-FMEA分析法。以高校化工实验教学中的“二元混合可燃液体闪点变化规律实验探究”为例,应用PHA-FMEA分析法,对实验全过程进行危险性分析,提出改善措施,该方案具有提高实验的安全性和准确性的优点。

基于HACCP理论浅析食品实验室检测过程风险

食品检验检测过程中会受到“人、机、料、法、环”等关键因素的影响,导致检测结果出现偏差,严重时可引起食品质量安全问题。为提高检测数据质量,将风险管理与预防性食品质量安全管理体系—危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)体系相结合,根据HACCP原理,从人、机、料、法、环等方面,对检测过程各环节进行风险识别和分析,确定各环节的关键控制点(CCP),建立监控系统,提出预防和纠正措施,最终形成HACCP计划表。结合HACCP原理对食品检验检测过程进行风险管理与控制,可实现对影响检验检测结果准确性的关键控制点精细化管理,进而有效应对人、机、料、法、环等关键因素对检测结果造成的偏差,减少食品质量安全问题的发生。

基于中国场地相关谱的核电厂结构地震易损性与风险研究

随着概率地震危险性分析与分解理论与应用的发展,场地相关谱生成理论也得到了不断发展,基于中国场地相关谱的核工程等重要基础设施地震易损性与风险分析研究还较为匮乏。该文总结了标量型中国概率地震危险性分析与分解理论方法,提出了向量型中国概率地震危险性分析与分解、条件型中国概率地震危险性分析基本原理,给出了基于中国概率地震危险性分析与分解的我国场地一致危险谱、条件均值谱、广义条件均值谱和条件一致危险谱生成理论和方法,总结了基于中国场地相关谱的核电厂结构地震易损性与风险分析理论基础,以我国某核电厂厂址及核电厂安全壳结构为算例,生成算例厂址场地相关谱,计算不同场地相关谱条件下核电厂安全壳结构地震易损性与风险。分析结果表明:不同场地相关谱条件下,我国核电厂安全壳结构安全裕量都较大;基于条件均值谱计算得到的风险结果偏于不保守。

不同构型电动垂直起降飞行器动力系统的安全性评估

安全性评估对电动垂直起降飞行器的架构开发、安全管理、设计验证及商业化有着至关重要的作用,但目前国内少有对电动垂直起降飞行器整机构型、系统设计等相关的研究。本文针对4种不同构型的电动垂直起降飞行器,包括垂起尾推固定翼构型、四轴八桨多旋翼构型、固定翼加倾转旋翼构型以及倾转机翼构型,使用功能危害分析和故障树分析方法对4种不同构型的动力系统进行了分析比较。分析表明:垂起尾推固定翼电动垂直起降飞行器动力架构在本文的特定使用场景中相对可靠性更优。2种分析方法的结合,增加了对功能危害理解的全面性和深度,并识别了减轻动力系统失效风险的多种潜在途径。安全性评估结果可以为电动垂直起降飞行器动力构型选择和产品开发提供依据。

基于LEC+Grey-DEMATEL的沙漠公路施工安全风险控制研究

沙漠公路施工环境恶劣,研究安全风险对沙漠公路施工具有重要意义。首先,基于作业条件危险性分析法识别出沙漠公路施工危险源等级水平,通过分析危险源的安全管理因素构建风险评价指标体系。其次,运用灰色理论和决策试验与评价实验室融合模型研究沙漠公路施工安全风险因素之间的相互影响关系。结果表明:该模型具有较好的稳定性,安全监管不到位是影响沙漠公路施工安全风险的关键因素,高温天气是最主要原因因素,安全防护用品佩戴情况是最主要结果因素。研究结果可为制定沙漠施工安全专项施工方案,针对性地提出风险控制措施提供理论依据。

灾害脆弱性分析在采供血机构风险评估中的应用

目的对采供血机构进行灾害脆弱性分析,明确高风险事件,优化应急管理措施。方法以广州血液中心为研究对象,结合实际情况制定改良版Kaiser模型分析调查表,运用风险矩阵法、Borda序值法对风险事件进行排序。结果Kaiser模型中风险排序前5的事件为信息系统突发事件(39.61%)、极端天气(38.03%)、重大舆情(37.86%)、公共卫生事件(37.37%)、政策变化(37.24%);风险矩阵及Borda序值排序评估结果为1项极高风险事件即信息系统突发事件、5项高风险事件且风险最高的为重大舆情、11项中风险事件且风险最高的为重大医疗纠纷、1项低风险事件即外部火灾。结论结合采供血机构的实际情况开展灾害脆弱性分析,可以有效识别高风险事件,为完善突发事件应急管理措施提供理论依据。

基于JSA-LEC法炼钢厂风险管控实践

在结合JSA工作安全分析法和LEC评价法特点的基础上,阐述了工作安全分析在炼钢厂作业现场的实施步骤,通过实践该方法在某炼钢厂进行风险分析、评估,有效落地安全管控措施,制定风险管控培训案例,以此来提高企业的安全管理水平,提高员工的安全意识和技能、规范了行为安全。

地面沉降地质灾害风险调查评价方法与应用实践——以安徽省蒙城县为例

平原区超采地下水引发的地面沉降地质灾害已成为影响这些地区经济可持续发展的重要因素。本文以蒙城县为例,将InSAR技术应用于地面沉降的动态监测,根据地面沉降地质灾害自身特点,从其易发性、危险性和易损性三方面进行分析评价,初步构建了地面沉降风险评价指标体系。通过科学的评价体系以及明确的评价指标,掌握地面沉降地质灾害的发展趋势和发生机制,划分地面沉降防治区划,提出风险管控建议,减少地质灾害造成的损失,保障人民生命财产安全,为地区社会经济持续发展提供基础保障。

矿山粉尘职业危害风险评估研究现状与展望

矿山粉尘职业危害已成为矿山行业最重要的职业健康问题,对矿山粉尘危害进行风险评估、量化其危害程度是矿山职业卫生工作的重点。为深入了解矿山粉尘职业危害风险评估领域的研究脉络,基于文献计量学角度,采用VOSviewer与CiteSpace软件对中国知网(CNKI)和WOS(Web of Science)收录的矿山粉尘危害风险评估相关文献进行可视化分析,提取高频关键词,进行关键词共现、聚类分析,获得文献的时序特征、研究主体以及热点前沿信息。根据可视化分析结果,从风险评估指标、危害程度等级、评估方法3个方面进行了详细分析和阐述。细化了风险评估流程,分析了矿山粉尘的理化特性和危害因素,进而归纳了风险评估指标,总结了粉尘职业危害程度分级,按照定性、定量和综合评估3种类别梳理了矿山粉尘职业危害风险评估方法,阐释了健康伤害风险评估的量化模型。研究表明:目前国内外在矿山粉尘职业危害风险评估方向进行了大量深入的研究和实践,评估工作取得了较为显著的成效,但矿山各生产环节粉尘至今仍难以彻底遏制,相关研究理论机制尚未成熟,评估指标影响因素冗杂、危害程度分级缺乏依据、评估方法存在主观不确定性,矿山粉尘职业危害风险评估体系有待系统研究,粉尘危害风险分析及预警平台尚需探索构建。未来,需进一步完善矿山粉尘职业危害风险评估相关法律法规;科学、合理地选择风险评估指标,简化评估工作环节,实现良好的实用效益;突破现有方法局限,建立适用的数据信息论风险评估模型,为矿山粉尘治理提供有效依据;积极应用云计算、大数据等新技术,实现粉尘监测—风险评估—智能防控一体化系统建设。