Treatment of naphthalene derivatives with iron-carbon micro-electrolysis

The degradation of five naphthalene derivatives in the simulated wastewater was investigated using the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis method.The optimal initial pH of solution and adsorption of iron-carbon and removal efficiency of the total organic carbon(TOC)were investigated.The results show that the removal efficiency of the naphthalene derivatives can reach 48.9%?92.6% and the removal efficiency of TOC is 42.8%?78.0% for the simulated wastewater with 200 mg/L naphthalene derivatives at optimal pH of 2.0?2.5 after 120 min treatment.The degradation of five naphthalene derivatives with the micro-electrolysis shows the apparent first-order kinetics and the order of removal efficiency of the naphthalene derivatives is sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate,2-naphthol,2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene,1-naphthamine,1-naphthol-8-sulfonic acid in turn.It is illustrated that the substituents of the naphthalene ring can affect the removal efficiency of naphthalene due to their electron-withdrawing or electron-donating ability.

Experimental study on micro-electrolysis technology for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment

Experiments were conducted to study the role of micro-electrolysis in removng chromaticity and COD and improving the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater.The results showed that the use of micro-electrolysis technology could remove more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD and greatly improved the biodegradability of phamaceutical wastewater.Lower initial pH could be advantageous to the removal of chromaticity .A retention time of 30 minutes was recommended for the process design of micro-electrolysis.

Micro-electrolysis technology for industrial wastewater treatment

Experiments were conducted to study the role of micro-electrolysis in removing chromaticity and COD and improving the biodegradability of wastewater from pharmaceutical, dye-printing and papermaking plants. Results showed that the use of micro-electrolysis technology could remove more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD and greatly improved the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater. Lower initial pH could be advantageous to the removal of chromaticity. A retention time of 30 minutes was recommended for the process design of micro-electrolysis. For the use of micro-electrolysis in treatment of dye-printing wastewater, the removal rates of both chromaticity and COD were increased from neutral condition to acid condition for disperse blue wastewater; more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD could be removed in neutral condition for vital red wastewater.

Treatment of chitin-producing wastewater by micro-electrolysis-contact oxidization

The technique of micro-electrolysis-contact oxidization was exploited to treat chitin-producing wastewater.Results showed that Fe-C micro-electrolysis can remove about 30% CODcr, raise pH from 0.7 to 5.5.The CODcr removal efficiency by biochemical process can be more than 80%. During a half year's operation,the whole system worked very stably and had good results, as proved by the fact that every quality indicator of effluent met the expected discharge standards; which means that chitin wastewater can be treated by the technique of micro-electrolysis, contact oxidization.

Optimization of the N2 generation selectivity in aqueous nitrate reduction using internal circulation micro-electrolysis

The reduction of nitrate using internal circulation micro-electrolysis te chnology(ICE)was investigated.The effect of the reaction time,initial pH,Fe/C ratio,and aeration rate on the nitrate reduction was investigated using a single factor experiment.Based on the results of the single factor experiment,a response surface methodology(RSM)was applied to optimize the N2 generation selectivity.The effects and interactions of three independent variables were estimated using a Box-Behnken design.Using the RSM analysis,a quadratic polynomial model with optimal conditions at pH=8.8,Fe/C=1:1,and an aeration rate of 30 L·min-1 was developed by means of the regre ssion analysis of the experimental data.Using the RSM optimization,the optimal conditions yielded a N2 generation selectivity of 72.0%,which is in good agreement with experimental result(73.2%±0.5%)and falls within the 95%confidence interval(IC:66.8%-77.3%)of the model results.This indicates that the model obtained in this study effectively predicts the N2 generation selectivity for nitrate reduction by the ICE process,thus providing a theoretical basis for process design.

Study on Micro Electrolysis Treatment for Decolorizing Dyed Water

Method for decolrizing dyed wastewater was researched and the affecting factors dicussed. The result shows that the conditions for getting an optimum decolorization effect are: a reaction time of 60 min, a coke size of 5～10 mm, a solid/liquid ratio of 1∶10, an air blast volume of 4 m3/h, and proper Fe/coke ratio determined by the type of dye material. The system acidity influences dyed wastewater in different ways, i.e., acid condition is good for the decolorization of scarlet 3R and methyl orange simulated wastewater but bad for that of alkali violet 5BN simulated wastewater, while the decolorization of dispersed yellow E-RGFL simulated wastewater has nothing to do with pH.

Nitrogen removal efficiency of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis system treating high nitrate nitrogen organic pharmaceutical wastewater

The nitrate nitrogen removal efficiency of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis system was discussed in treating pharmaceutical wastewater with high nitrogen and refractory organic concentration. The results show that the granularity of fillings,pH,volume ratios of iron-carbon and gas-water,and HRT. have significant effects on the nitrogen removal efficiency of iron-carbon micro-electrolysis system. The iron-carbon micro-electrolysis system has a good removal efficiency of pharmaceutical wastewater with high nitrogen and refractory organic concentration when the influent TN,NH4+-N,NO3--N and BOD5/CODCr are 823 mg/L,30 mg/L,793 mg/L and 0.1,respectively,at the granularity of iron and carbon 0.425 mm,pH 3,iron-carbon ratio 3,gas-water ratio 5,HRT 1.5 h,and the removal rates of TN,NH4+-N and NO3--N achieve 51.5%,70% and 50.94%,respectively.

Structural parameter optimization for novel internal-loop iron–carbon micro-electrolysis reactors using computational fluid dynamics

It is generally recognized that internal-loop reactors are well-developed mass and heat-transfer multiphase flow reactors. However, the internal flow field in the internal-loop reactor is influenced by the structure parameter of the reactor, which has a great effect on the reaction efficiency. In this study, the computational fluid dynamics simulation method was used to determine the influence of reactor structure on flow field, and a volume-offluid model was employed to simulate the gas–liquid, two-phase flow of the internal-loop micro-electrolysis reactor. Hydrodynamic factors were optimized when the height-to-diameter ratio was 4:1, diameter ratio was9:1, draft-tube axial height was 90 mm. Three-dimensional simulations for the water distributor were carried out, and the results suggested that the optimal conditions are as follows: the number of water distribution pipes was four, and an inhomogeneous water distribution was used. According to the results of the simulation,the suitable structure can be used to achieve good fluid mechanical properties, such as the good liquid circulation velocity and gas holdup, which provides a good theoretical foundation for the application of the reactor.

Degradation of Nitrobenzene Wastewater via Iron/Carbon Micro-electrolysis Enhanced by Ultrasound Coupled with Hydrogen Peroxide

The zero valent iron/granular active carbon(ZVI/GAC) micro-electrolysis enhanced by ultrasound(US) coupled with hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) was investigated for the deep degradation of nitrobenzene-containing wastewater. The results of scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-rays analysis(SEM-EDS) demonstrated that continuously accelerated regeneration of ZVI and GAC in situ by US could improve the process for converting nitrobenzene(NB) to aniline(AN). H_2O_2 was decomposed catalytically by the byproduct Fe^(2+) ions generated in the micro-electrolysis process to hydroxyl radicals and the organic pollutants in the wastewater were finally mineralized to CO2 and H2O. Effects of the ZVI dosage, the ZVI/GAC mass ratio, the initial pH value and the H_2O_2 dosage on the efficiency for degradation of NB were studied in these experiments. The optimal operating conditions covered a ZVI dosage of 15 g/L, a ZVI/GAC mass ratio of 1:2,an initial pH value of 3 and a H_2O_2 dosage of 4 mL. In this case, the NB removal efficiency reached 97.72% and the total organic carbon(TOC) removal efficiency reached 73.42% at a NB concentration of 300 mg/L. The reduction of NB by USZVI/GAC followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model, and the pseudo-first-order rate constants were given at different initial pH values. The reaction intermediates such as AN, benzoquinonimine, p-benzoquinone, p-nitrophenol and other organic acids were detected and a probable pathway for NB degradation has been proposed.

STUDY ON TREATING ALKALI EXTRACTION-STAGE EFFLUENT FOR COLOR REMOVAL BY MICRO-ELECTROLYSIS METHOD

The micro-electrolysis technology was applied in the decolorizing treatment of bleaching E-stage effluent and the influencing factors were discussed in this paper. The initial pH and the retention time were main factors influencing the color removal rate, in addition, adding air and enough pH for neutralization were necessary for the treatment. The test showed that the decolorizing result was efficient by micro-electrolysis treatment when adding air, initial pH was 3, 20 minutes of reaction time, the final pH 10 for neutralization. The color removal rate was up to 90%. The chance of ultraviolet absorption spectrum also demonstrated the mechanism of color removal in the wastewater treatment.

基于响应面法的微电解活化过硫酸盐降解苯酚研究

目的优化微电解活化过硫酸盐氧化处理苯酚废水体系的工艺条件,提高废水处理效果。方法构建微电解活化过硫酸盐氧化降解体系,采用响应面法分析过硫酸盐浓度、初始pH值和反应温度对苯酚废水降解效果的影响,使用模型确定最佳工艺参数。结果三个因素对苯酚降解率均有较显著影响,显著性由大到小依次为反应温度、过硫酸盐浓度、初始pH值;模拟得出的最佳工艺条件:过硫酸盐浓度为15.98 mmol/L、初始pH值为2.78、反应温度为74.73℃,并且模拟预测结果与试验数据非常接近。结论该模型可以较为准确地预测微电解活化过硫酸盐降解苯酚废水的最佳反应条件与降解率。

臭氧微纳米气泡氧化降解典型紫外线过滤剂的效能和机理

臭氧微纳米气泡具有高臭氧利用率和高臭氧传质速率的优势,采用臭氧微纳米气泡氧化降解紫外线过滤剂二乙氨基羟基苯甲酰基苯甲酸己酯(DHHB),通过改变不同溶气方式和液相臭氧浓度,考察了臭氧微纳米气泡的性能及对DHHB的降解机制,同时探讨了不同温度、pH、天然有机质和不同离子强度等因素对降解效果的影响。结果表明:臭氧微纳米气泡比臭氧传统气泡对污染物氧化性能有明显提升,体系内液相臭氧、羟基自由基浓度、羟基自由基产率与臭氧利用率显著增加,在室温(25℃)、气相臭氧浓度为10.22 mg/L、pH为11时,对DHHB的去除率在60 min内可达87.3%,去除率是臭氧传统气泡的2.02倍。天然有机质和碳酸氢根离子对DHHB降解过程有不同程度的抑制作用。通过淬灭试验分析,65.2%的DHHB降解由羟基自由基贡献,14.9%由超氧自由基贡献。研究证实了利用臭氧微纳米气泡体系处理水中DHHB的可行性,为该体系的实际应用提供了理论参考。

臭氧微纳米气泡处理焦化废水零排放工艺中浓盐水的效能

焦化废水的零排放工艺中使用蒸汽机械再压缩(MVR)蒸发结晶处理膜浓缩液,最终产生超高盐浓缩液废水,其难以通过传统氧化方法进行处理。臭氧微纳米气泡技术能够提高臭氧传质效率、增强臭氧氧化能力,可望用于处理MVR浓缩母液。为验证该技术的工程应用可行性,以MVR浓缩母液为研究对象,对比臭氧微纳米气泡和普通大气泡2种曝气方式下臭氧传质速率以及有机物的降解效能,从技术、经济角度分析盐浓度和有机物浓度对2种臭氧氧化工艺处理效果的影响,以界定臭氧微纳米气泡技术处理高盐废水的适用范围。结果表明:随着盐浓度从0.1 mol/L增加至1 mol/L,微纳米气泡和普通大气泡的臭氧传质系数分别提高0.13和0.09倍,臭氧自分解速率分别升高2.10和1.38倍。在处理高盐、高有机物废水(TOC浓度为57.2~587.6 mg/L,电导率为3.47~28.6 mS/cm)时,臭氧微纳米气泡较普通大气泡的TOC去除率提升0.50~3.76倍,吨水能耗最大可降低71%;处理超高盐、超高有机物废水(TOC浓度为5626 mg/L,电导率为164.3 mS/cm)时,臭氧微纳米气泡去除效果与普通大气泡趋于一致且吨水能耗更高。高盐废水的盐浓度和有机物浓度对臭氧微纳米气泡处理效能影响显著,工程应用中应根据废水特性选择合适的臭氧曝气方式。

基于微纳米气泡臭氧曝气的饮用水厂有机物强化处理技术研究

为提升饮用水厂原水混凝及前/后臭氧处理等重要工艺段的有机物去除率,对比研究了微纳米气泡(MNBs)与普通曝气盘2种曝气方式下的臭氧传质效率,开展了MNBs对水厂原水混凝效果影响小试,并对2种曝气方式下前/后臭氧处理工艺段有机物及藻类等的去除率进行研究。结果表明:1)本研究中的微气泡发生器产生纳米气泡数量为1.2×10^(8)个/mL,中值粒径显著低于100μm,有利于MNBs臭氧(MNBs-O_(3))在水中停留较长时间;在水厂原水中加入12.5%(体积比)的MNBs水时,MNBs吸附疏水性有机物及产生羟基自由基的特征可以显著提高混凝沉淀效果,使UV254下降幅度达到15%。2)在前臭氧处理过程中,原水经MNBs-O_(3)处理后,出水110 kDa峰消失而小于1 Da部分出现新峰,五日生化需氧量(BOD5)的去除率约为15%(远低于普通曝气盘的50%)且总有机碳与UV254未发生显著变化;在后臭氧处理过程中,MNBs-O_(3)处理后BOD5上升了40%,TOC上升了36%,UV254则先上升后下降。该结果说明MNBs-O_(3)在前臭氧处理过程中可以将芳香族有机物分解为含氧类链状有机物,MNBs-O_(3)较长的停留时间使其更易将大分子有机物转换为小分子有机物,而后臭氧处理过程中MNBs-O_(3)可以进一步提高对水中残留的难降解有机物的去除率。3)MNBs-O_(3)对藻类的去除率可达25%,且MNBs-O_(3)处理不会增加水中溴酸盐浓度,后续可借助MNBs的气浮功能进一步提升其效率。尽管MNBs替代普通曝气盘使电能消耗上升约30%,但MNBs会大幅缩短进气时间,减少O_(3)使用量。本研究结果为MNBs在原水混凝及前/后臭氧处理过程中的应用建立了理论基础。

高浓度有机废水处理及回用工程实践研究

本文以某化工企业为例,采用“微电解-高级芬顿氧化-生物处理-砂滤-炭滤-反渗透-三效蒸发”的组合工艺,对其排放的高浓度有机废水进行处理。工程实践表明,系统维持相对稳定时,出水指标均可满足企业内部生产用水的水质要求,实现废水零排放。

臭氧微纳米气泡-高级氧化耦合工艺深度处理工业废水

工业废水具有水量大、水质复杂、污染物浓度高、毒性强、腐蚀性强及难降解等特点,传统处理技术难以取得良好效果。本研究首次将压力强化臭氧微纳米气泡与高级氧化工艺耦合,构建了新型压力强化臭氧微纳米气泡—高级氧化耦合工艺反应器。从污染物去除率、不同条件下反应器内气泡粒径差异、液体中臭氧浓度、溶解氧浓度及尾气中臭氧浓度等多角度明确了反应器的最优参数为0.3 Mpa的出水压力及0.5 L/min的进气流量,明确了反应器的最佳使用温度范围为15℃至25℃。并从活性自由基的角度阐明了压力强化臭氧微纳米气泡耦合高级氧化工艺去除水中难降解污染物过程中的机制。本研究的研究成果有望为实现控制工业废水处理成本、提高COD去除率和矿化难降解污染物,为臭氧微纳米气泡技术的高效运行及安装优化提供理论依据和技术支持。

Ce掺杂海绵Fe/Cu-C复合微电解填料制备及己内酰胺废水降解研究

己内酰胺废水COD高,可生化性较差。为了提高微电解降解己内酰胺的效率,制备掺杂铈的复合微电解填料,并对其使用条件、降解效果和作用机理进行研究。复合微电解填料的制备方法为利用化学置换法向海绵铁(s-Fe)表面负载铜,形成的双金属还原颗粒与活性炭、碳酸锰、氧化铈等组分混合,随后高温焙烧。使用BET,SEM及XRD等方法,分析不同组分配比填料的物理化学性质,探究各组分所发挥的作用及其机理。研究结果表明,铈掺杂的复合微电解填料对己内酰胺的降解效果显著提升。在双金属颗粒(s-Fe/Cu)、碳酸锰、活性炭按照m(s-Fe)∶m(Cu)∶m(Mn)∶m(C)为15∶5∶1∶6.3、铈含量为9%、膨润土含量为30%的最佳制备条件下,复合微电解填料对己内酰胺废水的降解率达到74.68%,COD的去除率达到90.43%。与市售填料相比,自制填料对己内酰胺废水的去除率比市售填料高55.65%,B/C由原水的0.25提高到0.81,高于市售填料0.43,可生化性显著提高。XPS分析和淬灭实验表明,该填料通过微电解反应过程产生·OH,·O-2和1O2三种自由基团,促进了有机物的降解。

铁碳微电解法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

针对当前垃圾渗滤液普遍存在的有污染物浓度高、有机污染物含量多且难降解问题,采用铁碳微电解法对该废水进行处理,以垃圾渗滤液中COD的去除率为指标,考察初始pH值、反应时间和铁碳投加量3个主要因素对废水中有机污染物去除效果的影响。结果表明:3个因素对实验结果的影响程度比较为:初始pH值>反应时间>铁碳投加量。当初始pH=3,反应时间120 min,铁碳投加量66 g/L时,垃圾渗滤液中COD的去除率可以达到53.5%。因此,铁碳微电解法处理垃圾渗滤液具有良好的效果,可以为该工艺在垃圾渗滤液治理领域中的应用提供一定的参考。

Fenton耦合铁碳微电解技术处理电镀废水的工艺优化

以福建某电镀厂镀镍废水为研究对象,采用Fenton耦合铁碳微电解技术对其进行处理,考察了铁投加量、铁碳质量比、初始pH值及H_(2)O_(2)投加量对COD_(Cr)去除率的影响,通过响应面法优化工艺条件,建立二次多项式预测模型,分析各因素间的交互作用,并检验模型的准确性。结果表明,各因素对COD_(Cr)去除率的影响显著性排序为:初始pH值>H_(2)O_(2)投加量>铁碳质量比>铁投加量;当铁投加量为40 g·L^(-1)、铁碳质量比为0.8、初始pH值为4.0、H_(2)O_(2)投加量为30 mmol·L^(-1)时,COD_(Cr)去除率为78.2%,与预测值(78.9%)基本吻合,说明采用响应面法优化得到的工艺条件准确可靠。

氯化钠对铁碳微电解工艺处理硝基苯废水的影响研究

为了探究铁碳微电解工艺在含盐环境下对水中污染物的去除效率和稳定性,以硝基苯作为处理对象,以氯化钠为盐分来源,构建模拟废水的连续处理装置,通过单因素试验获得反应最佳条件。研究结果表明,铁碳微电解处理硝基苯废水的最佳条件为:废水初始pH值为3,水力停留时间为2 h,曝气量为1 L/min;此条件下氯化钠对铁碳微电解降解硝基苯具有明显的强化作用,在氯化钠质量分数为0.5%~1.5%时,硝基苯去除率可提高20%~30%。