Synthesis of High Purity Lithium Sulfide for Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Applications through Hydrogen Reduction of Lithium Sulfate

This paper is aimed to present a clean,inexpensive and sustainable method to synthesize high purity lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S)powder through hydrogen reduction of lithium sulfate(Li_(2)SO_(4)).A three-step reduction process has been successfully developed to synthesize well-crystallized and single-phase Li_(2)S powder by investigating the melting,sintering and reduction behavior of the mixtures of Li_(2)SO_(4)-Li_(2)S.High purity alumina was found to be the most suitable crucible material for producing high purity Li_(2)S,because it was not attacked by the Li_(2)SO_(4)-Li_(2)S melt during heating,as compared with other materials,such as carbon,mullite,quartz,boron nitride and stainless steel.The use of synthesized LizS resulted in higher purity and substantially higher room temperature ionic conductivity(2.77 mS·cm^(-1))for the argyrodite sulfide electrolyte Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl than commercial Li_(2)S(1.12 mS·cm^(-1)).This novel method offers a great opportunity to produce battery grade Li_(2)S for sulfide solid electrolyte applications.

Extraction of alumina from fly ash by ammonium hydrogen sulfate roasting technology

NH4HSO4 roasting technology was used for preparing Al2O3 from fly ash. First, Al and Fe were extracted from fly ash by NH4HSO4 roasting and deionized water leaching. Then, the Al and Fe in the leached liquid were precipitated by adding NH4HCO3 solution. After the mixed precipitations of Al（OH）3 and Fe（OH）3 were leached by NaOH solution, the NaAl（OH）4 solution was decomposed by carbonation. Finally, the pure Al（OH）3 was calcined to α-Al2O3. The optimal conditions of the whole technology were determined by experiments. The quality ofa-Al2O3 product is up to the technical indicator of YS/T 274-1998 standard.

Electrochemical behaviors of tantalum in anhydrous ethanol containing hydrogen sulfate ions

The electrochemical behaviors of Ta in tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate（TBAHS） ethanol solutions were studied using potentiodynamic polarization,cyclic voltammetry,potentiostatic current time transient and impedance techniques.The results revealed that no active-passive transition is presented in the cyclic voltammogram,and the anodic current density increases with the increase of solution temperature,TBAHS concentration,potential scan rate and water content.The apparent activation energy is about 43.389 kJ/mol and the dissolution process is diffusion-controlled.Potentiostatic measurements showed that the current density gradually decays to a steady value when the potential is low;however,when the potential is higher than a certain value,the current density initially declines to a minimum value and then increases gradually.The resistance of passive film decreases with increasing potential,and inductive loops are presented when the potential is higher than 2.0 V.

Thermodynamics and kinetics of alumina extraction from fly ash using an ammonium hydrogen sulfate roasting method

A novel method was developed for extracting alumina （Al2O3） from fly ash using an ammonium hydrogen sulfate （NH4HSO4） roasting process, and the thermodynamics and kinetics of this method were investigated. The thermodynamic results were verified experi-mentally. Thermodynamic calculations show that mullite present in the fly ash can react with NH4HSO4 in the 298-723 K range. Process op-timization reveals that the extraction rate can reach up to 90.95% when the fly ash reacts with NH4HSO4 at a 1：8 mole ratio of Al2O3/NH4HSO4 at 673 K for 60 min. Kinetic analysis indicates that the NH4HSO4 roasting process follows the shrinking unreacted core model, and inner diffusion through the product layer is the rate-controlling step. The activation energy is calculated to be 16.627 kJ/mol;and the kinetic equation can be expressed as 1-（2/3）α-（1-α）2/3=0.0374t exp[-16627/（RT）], whereαis the extraction rate and t is the roasting temperature.

Silica supported sodium hydrogen sulfate(NaHSO_4/SiO_2):A mild and efficient reusable catalyst for the synthesis of aryl-14-H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes under solvent-free conditions

A simple and efficient procedure for the preparation of aryl- 14-H-dibenzo [aj]xanthenes by a one-pot condensation reaction of 2-naphthol and aryl aldehydes, in the presence of silica supported sodium hydrogen sulfate （NaHSO4/SiO2） as a catalyst and in the absence of solvent has been developed. The present method offers several advantages such as excellent yields, short reaction time （10-30min）, mild condition, simple work-up, and the use of a cheap and environmentally friendly catalyst with remarkable reusability.

Efficient and Eco-friendly Process for the Synthesis of Bi(indolyl)methanes Catalyzed by Sodium Hydrogensulfate Monohydrate in Ionic Liquid n-Butylpyridinium Tetrafluoroborate

Efficient electrophilic substitution reaction of indoles with various aromatic aldehydes were carried out with a catalytic amount of sodium hydrogensulfate monohydrate （NaHSO4·H20） in ionic liquid n-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate （[Bpy]BF4） to afford the corresponding bi（indolyl）methanes in excellent yields. The notable advantages of this protocol in terms of low cost of catalyst and ionic liquid, mild conditions, simple operation, short reaction time, high yields and recycling of the ionic liquid.

Poly(4-vinylpyridinium)hydrogen sulfate:A novel and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 13-aryl-indeno[1,2-b]naphtha[1,2-e]pyran-12(13H)-ones under solvent-free conditions

An facile and efficient protocol for the synthesis of 13‐aryl‐indeno[1,2‐b]naphtha[1,2‐e]pyran‐ 12(13H)‐ ones has been developed that proceeds via the one‐pot three‐component sequential reaction of an aromatic aldehyde with β‐naphthol and 2H‐indene‐1,3‐dione under solvent‐free conditions in the presence of a poly(4‐vinylpyridinium)hydrogen sulfate(P(4‐VPH)HSO4) catalyst. The catalyst can be reused several times, making this procedure facile, practical, and sustainable. The simple experimental procedure, solvent‐free reaction conditions, use of an inexpensive catalyst, short react time, and excellent yields are some of the major advantages of this methodology.

A study on simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 by using sodium persulfate aqueous scrubbing

Nitric oxide （NO） removal and sulfur dioxide （SO2） removal by sodium persulfate （Na2S2O8） were studied in a Bubble Column Reactor. The proposed reaction pathways of NO and SO2 removal are discussed. The effects of temperatures （35-90℃）, Na25208 （0.05-0.5 mol·L-1）, FeSO4 （0.5-5.0 m mol·L-1） and H2O2 （0.25 mol·L-1） on NO and SO2 removal were investigated. The results indicated that increased persulfate concentration led to increase in NO removal at various temperatures. SO2 was almost completely removed in the temperature range of 55-85 ℃. Fe2 ＋ accelerated persulfate activation and enhanced NO removal efficiency. At 0.2 mol· L- 1 Na2S2O8 and 0.5-1.0 mmol· L-1Fe2 ＋, NO removal of 93.5%-99% was obtained at 75-90 ℃, SO2 removal was higher than 99% at all temperatures. The addition of 0.25 mol. L i H202 into 0.2 mol·L-1· Na2S2O8 solution promoted NO removal efficiency apparently until utterly decomposition of H2O2, the SO2 removal was as high as 98.4% separately at 35 ℃ and 80 ℃.

Catalytic effects of NH4+ on hydrogen evolution and manganese electrodeposition on stainless steel

The effects of(NH4)2SO4 concentration(c((NH4)2SO4))on hydrogen evolution and Mn electrodeposition on stainless steel(SS)in different potential ranges were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry(LSV),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),potentiostatic polarization,chronoamperometry,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)techniques.The results show that the NH4^+discharge reaction(NDR)intensifies the overall hydrogen evolution kinetics,and the NDR is catalyzed by increasing c((NH4)2SO4)and over-potential.The electro-crystallization of Mn on SS follows a three-dimensional progressive nucleation and diffusion-limited growth mechanism.Increasing the over-potential could accelerate the nucleation rate and also cause the decline of the nucleation density.The absorbed Mn^2+preferably discharges at low over-potential.Increasing c((NH4)2SO4)at medium over-potential could improve the current efficiency and produce more block-like grains.The nucleation process is suppressed by increasing c((NH4)2SO4)at high over-potential,at which the formation of columnar grains with higher hydrogen contents becomes prevailing.

Unravelling Hydrogen Adsorption Kinetics on Ir(111)Electrode in Acid Solutions by Impedance Spectroscopy

The kinetics for hydrogen(H)adsorption on Ir(111)electrode has been studied in both HClO_(4) and H_(2)SO_(4) solutions by impedance spectroscopy.In HClO_(4),the adsorption rate for H adsorption on Ir(111)increases from 1.74×10^(-8)mol·cm^(-2)·s^(-1) to 3.47×10^(-7)mol·cm^(-2)·s^(-1) with the decrease of the applied potential from 0.2 V to 0.1 V(vs.RHE),which is ca.one to two orders of magnitude slower than that on Pt(111)under otherwise identical condition.This is explained by the stronger binding of water to Ir(111),which needs a higher barrier to reorient during the under potential deposition of H from hydronium within the hydrogen bonded water network.In H_(2)SO_(4),the adsorption potential is ca.200 mV negatively shifted,accompanied by a decrease of adsorption rate by up to one order of magnitude,which is explained by the hindrance of the strongly adsorbed sulfate/bisulfate on Ir(111).Our results demonstrate that under electrochemical environment,H adsorption is strongly affected by the accompanying displacement and reorientation of water molecules that initially stay close to the electrode surface.

乙炔黑包覆的铅及其氧化物复合材料对铅酸电池负极性能的影响

铅酸电池负极析氢问题和硫酸盐化问题是限制铅酸电池性能的主要因素,大量的研究集中在负极的添加剂上。本文以乙炔黑包覆的铅及其氧化物形成的复合材料作为铅酸电池负极添加剂,研究其对铅酸电池性能的影响。实验结果表明,加入复合材料的电极,有效抑制了析氢问题,并降低了硫酸盐化现象,延长了其寿命。

废低温脱硝催化剂热处理除硫铵盐研究

废低温脱硝催化剂表面被硫酸氢铵覆盖,会严重影响脱硝催化剂的使用活性,而且在再生水洗过程中,硫酸氢铵会影响废脱硝催化剂的物理强度。由此,本文研究了在水洗前增加高温煅烧工艺,去除废低温脱硝催化剂中的部分硫酸氢铵,以保证废低温脱硝催化剂再生的顺利进行。

观察阿司匹林联合硫酸氢氯吡格雷治疗脑梗死的应用疗效

目的 分析阿司匹林联合硫酸氢氯吡格雷治疗脑梗死的应用效果。方法 选取2022年2月—2023年2月本院收治的94例脑梗死患者作为观察对象,随机分为对照组(阿司匹林单药治疗)和观察组(阿司匹林+硫酸氢氯吡格雷联合治疗),每组47例,比较应用效果。结果 观察组治疗有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);NIHSS评分低于对照组,ADL评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 脑梗死患者采用联合用药效果要优于单一用药,发挥协同作用,增强疗效,促进患者神经功能、日常生活能力恢复,安全性高,可推广。

大庆龙西低渗油藏开发中硫化氢生成机理研究

在大庆龙西区块扶余油层开发过程中发现,该扶余油层中含硫化氢(H_(2)S)且存在其质量浓度超过阈限值(15.0 mg/m^(3))的情况,但其生成H_(2)S机制尚不明确。采用室内H_(2)S生成机理实验与基于PHREEQC和CMG软件的数值模拟相结合的方法,开展了龙西区块地层生成H_(2)S的机理研究。结果表明,高温储层(100~125℃)生成H_(2)S的机理为硫酸盐热化学还原反应,H_(2)S的质量浓度为3.20~6.10 mg/m^(3);低温储层(≤60℃)生成H_(2)S的机理为硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)还原反应,H_(2)S的质量浓度最高可达29.70 mg/m^(3);压裂液通过降低近井地带温度,促进了SRB的繁殖,短时间内生成的H_(2)S质量浓度较采出水中SRB生物还原反应提高了7.5倍;1 m^(3)酸液与0.80 mol FeS的岩心和堵塞物反应生成H_(2)S的质量浓度分别为3330.69、11466.75 mg/m^(3)。因此,压裂和酸化是龙西区块扶余油层开发生成H_(2)S的主要机理。

信号分子硫化氢参与硫肥缓解铝对水稻生长抑制作用的机制

【目的】探究基于施硫肥提高水稻体内硫化氢(H_(2)S)生成缓解水稻在酸性土壤中铝(Al)毒害的栽培方式及其内在机制。【方法】以Al敏感品种Kasalath为试验材料,设置CK,CK+S(硫肥),CK+NaHS(H_(2)S供体),Al,Al+S,Al+NaHS六个盆栽处理,通过测定不同时期水稻体内H_(2)S含量、Al含量、抗氧化系统酶活性,分蘖期根系和光合作用相关指标,明确外源施加硫肥通过调控水稻体内H_(2)S生成缓解Al毒的机制。【结果】与Al处理相比,Al+S处理显著提高水稻体内H_(2)S含量,叶片中的H_(2)S含量在分蘖期和齐穗期分别增加了19.27%和34.99%;根部H_(2)S含量在分蘖期、齐穗期和成熟期分别增加了39.72%、21.08%和30.73%。相比Al处理,Al+S处理显著促进了分蘖期水稻根系的生长,提高了水稻的光合作用能力,同时降低了不同时期水稻根茎叶中的Al含量,在分蘖期分别下降了40.98%、28.47%和24.18%;齐穗期下降了14.58%、50.30%和13.17%;成熟期下降了14.44%、29.78%和8.70%。进一步研究发现,Al+S处理显著增强了水稻体内抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、APX、POD)的活性,降低了水稻体内过氧化氢(H_(2)O2)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子(O_(2)^(-)·)含量,增加了与细胞质Al在液泡中进行分室相关的基因OsALS1以及与修复被Al破坏的细胞壁相关基因OsSTAR1和OsSTAR2的相对表达量。同时,外源施加硫肥还通过调控土壤pH值降低水稻根际土中交换态Al、无机吸附态Al和水溶态Al的含量,增加Al的水合物和氢氧化物的含量。Al+NaHS处理具有同样的效果。【结论】外源增施硫肥能够通过提高水稻体内的H_(2)S含量缓解Al对水稻根系生长和光合作用的抑制,提高抗氧化系统酶活性降低Al对水稻的过氧化损伤,同时促进液泡对水稻细胞质Al的区室化作用,降低细胞壁对Al的吸附或改变土壤中Al的形态,最终降低水稻根系内的Al含量来缓解Al对水稻生长的抑制作用。

活性炭吸附塔产生硫化氢的原因及解决措施研究

某矿山水处理工序采用“电石渣中和过滤—滤液活性炭吸附除油”的基本流程,针对其活性炭吸附塔产生硫化氢这一实际问题开展了分析研究,结果表明塔内SRB的生长繁殖是产生硫化氢气体的直接原因,并且得出了SRB菌种的来源为生活污水返回所致。从活性炭吸附后的水体中分离出一株SRB菌株,该菌的生长繁殖受到pH值、温度、氧气、Fe^(2+)、碳源等环境因素的影响,其中pH值和温度是影响SRB生长繁殖的重要因素。结合现场实际,对比分析了可采取的治理措施及优缺点,通过热处理治理有效抑制了细菌的生长,达到了治理效果。

苏里格气田东区奥陶系H2S分布特征及TSR成因证据

苏东气藏区位于苏里格气田东部和靖边气田北部,下古生界奥陶系马家沟组马五1—马五4亚段是主要产气层。在气藏开发过程中不同井区H_(2)S含量变化极大,为气藏高效、安全开发造成极大干扰。通过对历年800多口井7500多次的H_(2)S含量测试数据的梳理,结合区域地质条件和天然气、储层岩石地球化学特征,分析苏东区下古生界H2S分布特征,揭示其成因机制.

Centrifugation-assisted preparation and thermostability of Form I clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate

Of all reported polymorphs of clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate, Form Ⅰ is difficult to produce and store owing to its poor thermostability. It is reported that Form Ⅰ can spontaneously transform into Form Ⅱ at high temperature and humidity. In this study, high purity Form I of clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate with good thermodynamic stability was prepared by a centrifugation-assisted recrystallization technology. The resultant product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction （PXRD）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results showed that the crystallinity and crystallite size of the Form Ⅰ prepared by the centrifugation-assisted recrystallization method were larger than those obtained by conventional anti-solvent recrystallization methods. Long-term thermostability testing demonstrated that the improved product can keep stable crystal structure even at high temperature and humidity.

Hydrogen sulfide from a NaHS source attenuates dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced inflammation via inhibiting nuclear factor-κB

This study investigated the alleviating effects of hydrogen sulfide （H2S）, derived from sodium hydrosulfide （NariS）, on inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium （DSS） in both in vivo and in vitro models. We found that NariS injection markedly decreased rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and histological injury in DSS-challenged mice. NariS （20 pmol/L） reversed DSS-induced inhibition in cell viability in Caco-2 cells and alleviated pro-inflammation cytokine expression in vivo and in vitro, indicating an anti-inflammatory function for H2S. It was also found that H2S may regulate cytokine expression by inhibiting the nuclear factor-KB （NF-KB） signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results demon- strated that H2S alleviated DSS-induced inflammation in vivo and in vitro and that the signal mechanism might be associated with the NF-KB signaling pathway.

Propane-1,2,3-triyl tris(hydrogen sulfate): A mild and efficient recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of biscoumarin derivatives in water and solvent-free conditions

A simple, efficient, and ecofriendly procedure has been developed using propane-l,2,3-triyl tris（hydrogen sulfate） as a catalyst for the synthesis of biscoumarin derivatives in water and solvent-free conditions. The significant features of the present protocol are simplicity, environmentally benign, high yields, no chromatographic separation, and recyclability of the catalyst.