丹酚酸B对结肠癌细胞HCT116增殖、迁移、糖酵解和上皮-间充质转化作用及机制研究

目的探讨丹酚酸B对结肠癌细胞HCT116增殖、迁移、糖酵解和上皮-间充质转化(EMT)的作用及机制。方法通过CCK-8实验和克隆形成实验评估丹酚酸B(25、50、100μmol·L^(-1))对结肠癌细胞HCT116增殖的影响;通过创伤愈合实验评估丹酚酸B对HCT116细胞迁移能力的影响;试剂盒法检测丹酚酸B对结肠癌细胞糖酵解及乳酸水平的影响;通过Westernblotting法分析丹酚酸B对EMT相关蛋白E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)和Snail,糖酵解相关蛋白葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)、乳酸脱氢酶A(LDHA),p-丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(AKT)/核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路相关蛋白AKT、p-p65的调控作用。结果与对照组相比,50、100μmol·L^(-1)丹酚酸B显著抑制HCT116细胞的增殖(P<0.01、0.001);100μmol·L^(-1)丹酚酸B显著阻断HCT116细胞的迁移(P<0.001);50、100μmol·L^(-1)丹酚酸B显著降低HCT116细胞GLUT1和LDHA的蛋白表达(P<0.01、0.001),显著降低HCT116细胞的葡萄糖消耗及乳酸产生(P<0.01、0.001);50、100μmol·L^(-1)丹酚酸B组上皮标志物E-cadherin的蛋白表达显著上升(P<0.01、0.001),而间充质标志物N-cadherin、Vimentin和转录因子Snail的蛋白表达显著下降(P<0.01、0.001);50、100μmol·L^(-1)丹酚酸B显著降低AKT的磷酸化水平和核因子κB(NF-κB)的亚基p65的磷酸化水平(P<0.01、0.001)。结论丹酚酸B能显著抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖、迁移能力,并有效抑制EMT过程、糖酵解,可能通过抑制AKT/NF-κB信号通路实现。

结核分枝杆菌RD1蛋白PE35干扰宿主细胞的IL-1β通信

目的 结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTB)PE35(Rv3872)是PE/PPE家族的成员,在多种压力条件下会下调表达。分析其在宿主天然免疫反应中的作用,为结核病的防治提供新思路。方法 将PE35通过脂质体转染进鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7中,在用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)刺激细胞后,通过RT-PCR和ELISA检测巨噬细胞中细胞因子的表达、Western blot检测巨噬细胞中炎性小体的表达和相关信号通路蛋白的磷酸化状态,探索PE35干扰的信号通路。结果 PE35在RAW264.7细胞中减弱了LPS诱导的白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β, IL-1β)的产生和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(nucleotide binding oligomerization domain like receptors 3, NLRP3)炎性小体的激活(P均<0.05)。PE35降低Akt和IκB-α蛋白的磷酸化(P均<0.05),从而抑制PI3K/Akt和核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB)信号通路的活化。结论 PE35通过减弱PI3K/Akt和NF-κB的信号传导来抑制NLRP3激活,从而降低了LPS诱导的巨噬细胞中IL-1β的产生。

Targeting the complement system in pancreatic cancer drug resistance:a novel therapeutic approach

Pancreatic cancer is ranked as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030.The cause of this high mortality rate is due to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma’s rapid progression and metastasis,and development of drug resistance.Today,cancer immunotherapy is becoming a strong candidate to not only treat various cancers but also to combat against chemoresistance.Studies have suggested that complement system pathways play an important role in cancer progression and chemoresistance,especially in pancreatic cancer.A recent report also suggested that several signaling pathways play an important role in causing chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer,major ones including nuclear factor kappa B,signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor,and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B.In addition,it has also been proven that the complement system has a very active role in establishing the tumor microenvironment,which would aid in promoting tumorigenesis,progression,metastasis,and recurrence.Interestingly,it has been shown that the downstream products of the complement system directly upregulate inflammatory mediators,which in turn activate these chemo-resistant pathways.Therefore,targeting complement pathways could be an innovative approach to combat against pancreatic cancer drugs resistance.In this review,we have discussed the role of complement system pathways in pancreatic cancer drug resistance and a special focus on the complement as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.