To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38MAPK） in murine experimental autoimmune hepatitis （EAH）.METHODS： To induce EAH, the syngeneic S-100 antigen emulsified in complete Freud＇s adju...To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38MAPK） in murine experimental autoimmune hepatitis （EAH）.METHODS： To induce EAH, the syngeneic S-100 antigen emulsified in complete Freud＇s adjuvant was injected intraperitoneally into adult male C57BI/6 mice. Liver injury was assessed by serum ALT and liver histology. The expression and activity of p38 MAPK were measured by Western blot and kinase activity assays. In addition, DNA binding activities of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-KB） were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The effects of SB203580, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, on liver injuries and expression of proinflammatory cytokines （interferon-y, IL-12, IL-1β and TNF-α） were observed.RESULTS： The activity of p38 MAPK and NF-~：B was increased and reached its peak 14 or 21 d after the first syngeneic S-100 administration. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activation by SB203580 decreased the activation of NF-~：B and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, hepatic injuries were improved significantly after SB203580 administration.展开更多
Objective： In this study, we aimed to investigate the expressions of adhesion molecules on human bronchial epithelial cells and neutrophils in co-culture system, assess the effects of puerarin on suppressing these ad...Objective： In this study, we aimed to investigate the expressions of adhesion molecules on human bronchial epithelial cells and neutrophils in co-culture system, assess the effects of puerarin on suppressing these adhesion molecules expressions, and explore the roles of two crucial signal-transduction elements p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） and nuclear factor kappa B （NF- K B） in modulating adhesion molecules expressions. Methods： Neutrophils and BEAS-2B cells （one human bronchial epithelial cell line） were co-cultured, and adhesion molecules expressions on cell surface were detected using flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of adhesion molecules were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （real-time qPCR）. Phosphorylated p38 MAPK and inhibitor K B were analyzed by Western blot. Results： In co-culture system, adhesion molecules expressions on BEAS-2B cells and neutrephils were enhanced significantly （P〈0.05）. Correspondingly, the mRNA levels of adhesion molecules were also increased greatly. Moreover, the pretreatment of peurarin obviously suppressed adhesion molecules expressions on cell surface. Furthermore, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and inhibitor K B in BEAS-2B cells and neutrophils were elevated in co-culture system, but decreased significantly after upon the treatment of peurarin （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： Co- culture boosted the interactions between human bronchial epithelial cells and neutrophils mimicking airway inflammation, whereas peurarin decreased the expression of adhesion molecules on cell surface by suppressing the activities of p38 MAPK and NF- K B pathways, and exhibiting its anti-inflammation activity.展开更多
Summary： This study examined the correlation of the expression of interleukin-36 （IL-36）, a novel member of interleukin-1 （IL-1） family, with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） and nu clear factor-...Summary： This study examined the correlation of the expression of interleukin-36 （IL-36）, a novel member of interleukin-1 （IL-1） family, with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） and nu clear factor-kappa B （NF-kB） pathways in psoriasis vulgaris skin lesions. The expression levels of IL-36a, IL-3613, IL-367, phosphorylated p38 MAPK, and NF-id3p65 were detected in the skin tissues of 38 psoriasis patients and 17 healthy control subjects by real-time quantitative reverse transcription po lymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） and Western blotting. The cytokine expression levels were com pared between the psoriasis group and the control group. A correlation analysis between cytokine pro teins was performed in the psoriasis group. Results showed that the expression levels of IL-36a, IL-3613, IL-36y, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NF-rh3p65 in the psoriasis group were Significantly higher than those in the control group （P〈0.001）. In the psoriasis group, the IL-36 cytokine expression was positively correlated with phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NF-kBp65 expression （P〈0.05）. A significant positive correlation was also found between the phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NF-v,.Bp65 expression （P〈0.01）. It was concluded that the increased IL-36 expression is correlated with p38 MAPK and NF-kB pathways in psoriasis vulgaris skin lesions. All the three factors may be jointly involved in the pathogenesis and local inflammatory response of psoriasis.展开更多
Oxygen free radical damage is regarded as a direct or indirect common pathway associated with diabetic neuropathy and is the main cause of complications in peripheral neuropathies. We speculate that Jiaweibugan decoct...Oxygen free radical damage is regarded as a direct or indirect common pathway associated with diabetic neuropathy and is the main cause of complications in peripheral neuropathies. We speculate that Jiaweibugan decoction has a significant effect in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy through an anti-oxidative stress pathway. In this study, a diabetic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Rats were treated with Jiaweibugan decoction via intragastric administration. The levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione, which are indirect indexes of oxidative stress, in serum were determined using a colorimetric method. The expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B p65 mRNA and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which are oxidative stress associated factors, in the dorsal root ganglion of spinal $4-6 segments were evaluated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that, Jiaweibugan decoction significantly ameliorated motor nerve conduction velocity in diabetic rats, effectively decreased malondialdehyde levels in serum and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B p65 mRNA and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase mRNA in the dorsa root ganglion, and increased glutathione levels in serum. Therefore, our experimental findings indicate that Jiaweibugan decoction plays an anti-oxidative stress role in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy process, which has a protective effect on peripheral nerve injury.展开更多
Objective:To elucidate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts using RAW264.7 cells.Methods:We used 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to measure ce...Objective:To elucidate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts using RAW264.7 cells.Methods:We used 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to measure cell viability.Nitric oxide(NO)production was measured using Griess reagent.Western blotting and RT-PCR assays were carried out for analyzing the protein and gene expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators,respectively.Moreover,PD98059(ERK1/2 inhibitor),SB203580(p38 inhibitor),SP600125(JNK inhibitor),and BAY11-7082(NF-κB inhibitor)were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Rhamnus crenata leaf extract.Results:Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts significantly inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO,iNOS,COX-2,IL-1β,and TNF-αin lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts also suppressed LPS-induced degradation of IκB-αand nuclear accumulation of p65,which resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells.Additionally,the extracts attenuated the phosphorylation of p38,ERK1/2,and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Moreover,HO-1 expression induced by Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts was significantly downregulated by SB230580,PD98059,SP600125 and BAY11-7082.Conclusions:Rhamnus crenata leaf extract may upregulate HO-1 expression through inhibition of p38,ERK1/2,and NF-κB activation,which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts.Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.展开更多
Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) pathways are considered to be two crucial intracellular signaling cascades in pro-inflammatory responses.In this study,we reported the coding ...Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) pathways are considered to be two crucial intracellular signaling cascades in pro-inflammatory responses.In this study,we reported the coding sequences(CDS) of MAPKp38 and NF-κBp65 from yellow catfish.We also investigated the gene structure,expression patterns and functional role in yellow catfish.The CDS of MAPKp38 is1,086 bp encoding 361 amino acids(AA).The MAPKp38 protein has a long highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases catalytic domain.The NF-κBp65 CDS is 1,794 bp,and the gene encodes 597 AA,with a Rel homology domain(RHD) which consists of a RHD-DNA-binding domain and an Ig-like,plexins,transcription factors(IPT) domain.Moreover,MAPKp38 and NF-κBp65 protein of bony fish and other vertebrates have a single clade.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed the presence of the MAPKp38 and NF-κBp65 transcript in 12 tissues of healthy yellow catfish.The highest expression levels of MAPKp38 and NF-κBp65 were detected in the heart and liver,respectively.Upon stimulation with an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),the expression levels of MAPKp38 and NF-κBp65 were up-regulated in the intestine.These results indicated that MAPKp38 and NF-κBp65 play important roles in mediating the response protection against LPS in yellow catfish.展开更多
基金Supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30471614 (to DK Qiu) and No.30571730 (to X Ma)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project, No.Y0205 (to X Ma)
文摘To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38MAPK） in murine experimental autoimmune hepatitis （EAH）.METHODS： To induce EAH, the syngeneic S-100 antigen emulsified in complete Freud＇s adjuvant was injected intraperitoneally into adult male C57BI/6 mice. Liver injury was assessed by serum ALT and liver histology. The expression and activity of p38 MAPK were measured by Western blot and kinase activity assays. In addition, DNA binding activities of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-KB） were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The effects of SB203580, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, on liver injuries and expression of proinflammatory cytokines （interferon-y, IL-12, IL-1β and TNF-α） were observed.RESULTS： The activity of p38 MAPK and NF-~：B was increased and reached its peak 14 or 21 d after the first syngeneic S-100 administration. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activation by SB203580 decreased the activation of NF-~：B and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, hepatic injuries were improved significantly after SB203580 administration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.30873419)
文摘Objective： In this study, we aimed to investigate the expressions of adhesion molecules on human bronchial epithelial cells and neutrophils in co-culture system, assess the effects of puerarin on suppressing these adhesion molecules expressions, and explore the roles of two crucial signal-transduction elements p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） and nuclear factor kappa B （NF- K B） in modulating adhesion molecules expressions. Methods： Neutrophils and BEAS-2B cells （one human bronchial epithelial cell line） were co-cultured, and adhesion molecules expressions on cell surface were detected using flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of adhesion molecules were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （real-time qPCR）. Phosphorylated p38 MAPK and inhibitor K B were analyzed by Western blot. Results： In co-culture system, adhesion molecules expressions on BEAS-2B cells and neutrephils were enhanced significantly （P〈0.05）. Correspondingly, the mRNA levels of adhesion molecules were also increased greatly. Moreover, the pretreatment of peurarin obviously suppressed adhesion molecules expressions on cell surface. Furthermore, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and inhibitor K B in BEAS-2B cells and neutrophils were elevated in co-culture system, but decreased significantly after upon the treatment of peurarin （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： Co- culture boosted the interactions between human bronchial epithelial cells and neutrophils mimicking airway inflammation, whereas peurarin decreased the expression of adhesion molecules on cell surface by suppressing the activities of p38 MAPK and NF- K B pathways, and exhibiting its anti-inflammation activity.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30972654,No.81101191,No.81271765 and No.81171495)
文摘Summary： This study examined the correlation of the expression of interleukin-36 （IL-36）, a novel member of interleukin-1 （IL-1） family, with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） and nu clear factor-kappa B （NF-kB） pathways in psoriasis vulgaris skin lesions. The expression levels of IL-36a, IL-3613, IL-367, phosphorylated p38 MAPK, and NF-id3p65 were detected in the skin tissues of 38 psoriasis patients and 17 healthy control subjects by real-time quantitative reverse transcription po lymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） and Western blotting. The cytokine expression levels were com pared between the psoriasis group and the control group. A correlation analysis between cytokine pro teins was performed in the psoriasis group. Results showed that the expression levels of IL-36a, IL-3613, IL-36y, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NF-rh3p65 in the psoriasis group were Significantly higher than those in the control group （P〈0.001）. In the psoriasis group, the IL-36 cytokine expression was positively correlated with phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NF-kBp65 expression （P〈0.05）. A significant positive correlation was also found between the phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NF-v,.Bp65 expression （P〈0.01）. It was concluded that the increased IL-36 expression is correlated with p38 MAPK and NF-kB pathways in psoriasis vulgaris skin lesions. All the three factors may be jointly involved in the pathogenesis and local inflammatory response of psoriasis.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hunan Provincial Health Bureau,No.06202
文摘Oxygen free radical damage is regarded as a direct or indirect common pathway associated with diabetic neuropathy and is the main cause of complications in peripheral neuropathies. We speculate that Jiaweibugan decoction has a significant effect in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy through an anti-oxidative stress pathway. In this study, a diabetic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Rats were treated with Jiaweibugan decoction via intragastric administration. The levels of malondialdehyde and glutathione, which are indirect indexes of oxidative stress, in serum were determined using a colorimetric method. The expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B p65 mRNA and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which are oxidative stress associated factors, in the dorsal root ganglion of spinal $4-6 segments were evaluated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that, Jiaweibugan decoction significantly ameliorated motor nerve conduction velocity in diabetic rats, effectively decreased malondialdehyde levels in serum and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B p65 mRNA and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase mRNA in the dorsa root ganglion, and increased glutathione levels in serum. Therefore, our experimental findings indicate that Jiaweibugan decoction plays an anti-oxidative stress role in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy process, which has a protective effect on peripheral nerve injury.
基金supported by the research project of the National Institute of Forest Science(project No.FP0400-2019-01-2022).
文摘Objective:To elucidate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts using RAW264.7 cells.Methods:We used 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to measure cell viability.Nitric oxide(NO)production was measured using Griess reagent.Western blotting and RT-PCR assays were carried out for analyzing the protein and gene expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators,respectively.Moreover,PD98059(ERK1/2 inhibitor),SB203580(p38 inhibitor),SP600125(JNK inhibitor),and BAY11-7082(NF-κB inhibitor)were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Rhamnus crenata leaf extract.Results:Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts significantly inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO,iNOS,COX-2,IL-1β,and TNF-αin lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts also suppressed LPS-induced degradation of IκB-αand nuclear accumulation of p65,which resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells.Additionally,the extracts attenuated the phosphorylation of p38,ERK1/2,and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Moreover,HO-1 expression induced by Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts was significantly downregulated by SB230580,PD98059,SP600125 and BAY11-7082.Conclusions:Rhamnus crenata leaf extract may upregulate HO-1 expression through inhibition of p38,ERK1/2,and NF-κB activation,which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts.Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31702362)the Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Sichuan Province,China (grant number 2015JY0067).
文摘Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) pathways are considered to be two crucial intracellular signaling cascades in pro-inflammatory responses.In this study,we reported the coding sequences(CDS) of MAPKp38 and NF-κBp65 from yellow catfish.We also investigated the gene structure,expression patterns and functional role in yellow catfish.The CDS of MAPKp38 is1,086 bp encoding 361 amino acids(AA).The MAPKp38 protein has a long highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases catalytic domain.The NF-κBp65 CDS is 1,794 bp,and the gene encodes 597 AA,with a Rel homology domain(RHD) which consists of a RHD-DNA-binding domain and an Ig-like,plexins,transcription factors(IPT) domain.Moreover,MAPKp38 and NF-κBp65 protein of bony fish and other vertebrates have a single clade.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed the presence of the MAPKp38 and NF-κBp65 transcript in 12 tissues of healthy yellow catfish.The highest expression levels of MAPKp38 and NF-κBp65 were detected in the heart and liver,respectively.Upon stimulation with an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),the expression levels of MAPKp38 and NF-κBp65 were up-regulated in the intestine.These results indicated that MAPKp38 and NF-κBp65 play important roles in mediating the response protection against LPS in yellow catfish.
