Preparation and characterization of pH-responsive metal-polyphenol structure coated nanoparticles

In this paper,tannic acid(TA)and Fe~(3+)were added to form a layer of metal-polyphenol network structure on the surface of the nanoparticles which were fabricated by zein and carbon quantum dots(CQDs)encapsulating phlorotannins(PTN).pH-Responsive nanoparticles were prepared successfully(zein-PTN-CQDs-Fe-~Ⅲ).Further,the formation of composite nanoparticles was confirmed by a series of characterization methods.The zeta-potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data proved that electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding are dominant forces to form nanoparticles.The encapsulation efficiency(EE)revealed that metal-polyphenol network structure could improve the EE of PTN.Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry experiment indicated the thermal stability of zein-PTN-CQDs-Fe~Ⅲnanoparticles increased because of metal-polyphenol network structure.The pH-responsive nanoparticles greatly increased the release rate of active substances and achieved targeted release.

奇异鞍点问题的NESS迭代法半收敛性分析

最近一些学者对于非奇异鞍点问题提出了一种新的外推移位分裂(NESS)预处理,并研究了NESS迭代方法的收敛性以及NESS预处理矩阵的谱分布。本研究进一步将NESS迭代方法用于求解奇异的鞍点问题,给出NESS迭代法在(1,1)块子矩阵是对称正定情况下的半收敛性分析。最后通过数值实验,验证了在适当参数下NESS迭代法求解奇异鞍点问题的可行性和有效性。

Preparation of Manganese Oxide Hollow Spheres Using pH-responsive Microgels as Templates

Manganese oxide hollow spheres were prepared by a novel and facile approach using pH- responsive microgels as templates. The final products were thoroughly characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and transmission electron microscopy. The results reveal that the shell thickness of manganese oxide hollow spheres increased with the dosage of KMnO4, which implies that a controllable and feasible strategy for manganese oxide hollow spheres prepa- ration has been established. Further studies on the microgels template showed some of them had an irreversible swelling/deswelling transition due to the uneven cross-link extent. Based on the results, a probable formation mechanism for the hollow spheres was proposed.

Pharmacokinetics of a ternary conjugate based pH-responsive 10-HCPT prodrug nano-micelle delivery system

A pH-responsive conjugate based 10-hydroxycamptothecin-thiosemicarbazide-polyethene glycol 2000 (10-HCPT-hydro-PEG) nano-micelles were prepared in our previous study. In the present study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS) method is developed to investigate its pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in tumor bearing mice. The results demonstrated that the conjugate circulated for a much longer time in the blood circulation system than commercial 10-HCPT injection, and bioavailability was significantly improved compared with 10-HCPT. In vivo biodistribution study showed that the conjugate could enhance the targeting and residence time in tumor site.

pH-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles employed in controlled drug delivery systems for cancer treatment

In the fight against cancer, controlled drug delivery systems have emerged to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and safety of anti-cancer drugs. Among these systems, mesoporous silica nanoparticles （MSNs） with a functional surface possess obvious advantages and were thus rapidly developed for cancer treatment. Many stimuli-responsive materials, such as nanopartides, polymers, and inorganic materials, have been applied as caps and gatekeepers to control drug release from MSNs. This review presents an overview of the recent progress in the production of pH-responsive MSNs based on the pH gradient between normal tissues and the tumor microenvironment. Four main categories of gatekeepers can respond to acidic conditions. These categories will be described in detail.

Towards recycling purpose:Converting PET plastic waste back to terephthalic acid using pH-responsive phase transfer catalyst

Converting polyethylene terephthalate(PET)wastes to its monomer and valuable chemicals via ecofriendly chemical method is still a challenge task.Previously,phase transfer catalysts used for alkaline hydrolysis were soluble in reaction media and hardly separated after reaction.Here,we reported several pH-responsive catalysts combined alkyl quaternary ammonium units with heteropolyacid anion for achieving stepwise product/catalyst separation and catalyst recycling.The properties of homogeneous/heterogeneous transfer behavior allow catalyst to be easily separated from reaction media by adjusting of pH value.Among them,[C_(16)H_(33)N(CH_(3))_(3)]_(3)PW_(12)O_(40)(abbreviated as[CTA]_(3)PW)exhibits the highest activity and the most suitable pH responsive values.Such a pH triggered switchable catalytic system not only shows good performance for depolymerization of pure PET,but also some real PET wastes such as coloured trays and PE/PET complex films could be completely degraded into terephthalic acid.Additionally,the reaction kinetics and activation energy of PET alkaline hydrolysis also studied with and without pH-responsive[CTA]_(3)PW.

CaCO3-Assisted Preparation of pH-Responsive Immune-Modulating Nanoparticles for Augmented Chemo-Immunotherapy

Due to the negative roles of tumor microenvironment(TME)in compromising therapeutic responses of various cancer therapies,it is expected that modulation of TME may be able to enhance the therapeutic responses during cancer treatment.Herein,we develop a concise strategy to prepare pH-responsive nanoparticles via the CaCO3-assisted double emulsion method,thereby enabling effective co-encapsulation of both doxorubicin(DOX),an immunogenic cell death(ICD)inducer,and alkylated NLG919(aNLG919),an inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1).The obtained DOX/aNLG919-loaded CaCO3 nanoparticles(DNCaNPs)are able to cause effective ICD of cancer cells and at the same time restrict the production of immunosuppressive kynurenine by inhibiting IDO1.Upon intravenous injection,such DNCaNPs show efficient tumor accumulation,improved tumor penetration of therapeutics and neutralization of acidic TME.As a result,those DNCaNPs can elicit effective anti-tumor immune responses featured in increased density of tumor-infiltrating CD8+cytotoxic T cells as well as depletion of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells(Tregs),thus effectively suppressing the growth of subcutaneous CT26 and orthotopic 4T1 tumors on the Balb/c mice through combined chemotherapy&immunotherapy.This study presents a compendious strategy for construction of pH-responsive nanoparticles,endowing significantly enhanced chemo-immunotherapy of cancer by overcoming the immunosuppressive TME.

Ultrasmall pH-responsive silicon phthalocyanine micelle for selective photodynamic therapy against tumo

Targeted photodynamic therapy(TPDT)based on the photosensitizers responsive for tumor micr oenvironment is promising because of the better anti-tumor effect and less phototoxicity against normal tissue than the traditional PDT.Nanoparticle based stimuli responsive photo-sensitizers have been widely explored for TPDT.Based on the acidic microenvironments in solid tumors,an ultrasmall pH-responsive silicon phthalocyanine nanomicelle(PSN)(smaller than 10 nm)was designed for selective PDT of tumor.PSN had high drug loading efficacy(more than 28%)and exhibited morphological transitions,enhanced fuorescence and improved singlet∞x-ygen yield under acidic environments.PSN was renal dlearable and could rapidly accumulate and be retained at tumor sites,achieving a tumor-inhibiting ffect better than phthalocyanine micelle without pH response.Tumors of mice treated with PSN for PDT were completely ablated without recurrence.Thus,we have developed a phthalocyanine-based pH responsive micelle with excellent tumor targeting ability,which is expected to realize the selective PDT of tumor.

Preparation of Hollow-Porous Rosin-Based Polyurethane Microspheres with pH-Responsive Characteristics

Preparation of polymer microspheres from naturally occurring resource is a challenge.Here,a rosin-based polyol(RAG)was used to prepare polyurethane resin(RPU)firstly,and then act as both self-assembled precursor and emulsifier,rosin based polyurethane microspheres(RPUMs)were prepared.In the process of self-emulsification,the RPU formed vesicles by self-assembly.The outer shell of the vesicle consisted of hydrophilic segments,while the inner shell contained the hydrophobic phase.After cross-linking the RPU and removal of the solvent in the core,the porous-hollow microspheres with pH-sensitive were obtained.The microspheres were characterized by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The effect of type and amount of the hydrophilic chain extender,and solvent on the morphology,particle size and distribution,and buffer volume of the microspheres were determined.The best conditions for synthetic RPUMs were as follows:n_(NCO)/n_(OH)=1,n_(RAG):n_(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine)=4:6,with azodiisobutyronitrile level of 1.0 wt.%,based on reactive monomers,mixing speed of both emulsification and polymerization at 400 r·min-1,the RPUMs synthesized had porous-hollow structure with a buffer volume of 1.6 mL.

Preparation of pH-responsive membranes with amphiphilic copolymers by surface segregation method

Novel pH-responsive membranes were prepared by blending pH-responsive amphiphilic copolymers with polyethersulfone(PES) via a nonsolvent-induced phase separation(NIPS) technique. The amphiphilic copolymers bearing Pluronic F127 and poly(methacrylic acid)(PMAA) segments, abbreviated as PMAA n–F127–PMAA n,were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The physical and chemical properties of the blend membranes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrum, water contact angle, Zeta potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The enrichment of hydrophilic PMAA segments on the membrane surfaces was attributed to surface segregation during the membrane preparation process. The blend membranes had signi ficant p H-responsive properties due to the conformational changes of surface-segregated PMAA segments under different pH values of feed solutions. Fluxes of the blend membranes were larger at low p H values of feed solutions than that at high pH values. The pH-responsive ability of the membranes was enhanced with the increase of the degree of PMAA near-surface coverage.

Preparation and Properties of pH-Responsive Intelligent Medical Dressing Based on Bacterial Cellulose/Polyacrylic Acid

Bacterial cellulose/polyacrylic acid (BC/PAA) pH-responsive hydrogels were prepared by free-radical polymerization (in situ) using BC as the raw material and AA as the monomer. The hydrogels were loaded with curcumin (Cur) to prepare pH-responsive intelligent medical dressings. The preparation process of the hydrogels was optimized by a single factor and response surface experiment using their swelling degree as an index. The structures of BC/PAA pH-responsive hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and tensile tester, and the swelling properties, mechanical properties, bacteriostatic properties, and drug release behavior were investigated. The results showed that the BC/PAA pH-responsive hydrogel has a three-dimensional network structure with the swelling rate up to 1600 g/g, compressive strength of up to 8 KPa, and good mechanical properties, and the drug release behavior was in line with the logistic dynamics model, and it has good inhibitory effects on common pathogens of wound infection: E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa.

断点回归方法及应用实现

目的完整、系统介绍断点回归设计(RDD)原理及统计方法,为其在公共卫生领域应用提供参考。方法在介绍断点回归设计原理基础上,用室内甲醛干预的实例演示了利用Stata软件实现断点回归统计方法的过程,介绍和比较属于参数法的多项式回归和属于非参数法的局部线性回归的分析方法和结果。结果RDD是一种准实验设计,对研究对象没有随机分组,而是选择一个与干预措施有关的变量,根据该变量的取值选择切点划分干预组和对照组。RDD在内部有效性方面优于其他准实验设计,但外部有效性受到一定限制。基于观察性资料的RDD不仅可控制可观测的混杂因素,还可控制无法观测的混杂因素,也更符合伦理道德。在本文实例中,多项式回归和局部线性回归两种分析方法的结果基本一致。结论RDD在公共卫生领域的真实世界研究中有广阔的应用前景,为科学评估干预政策和提供高质量决策依据提供新的思路和方法。

数字化水平对企业可持续绩效的影响研究——创新类型的中介作用和环境竞争性的调节作用

基于可持续发展和技术可供性理论,以2015-2021年中国沪深A股上市的制造业企业为研究样本,采用文本挖掘方法衡量企业数字化水平,实证检验数字化水平对企业可持续绩效的影响,探究技术创新和商业模式创新的中介作用,同时考虑环境竞争性对数字化水平与企业创新(技术创新和商业模式创新)的调节作用。实证结果表明:(1)数字化水平显著促进制造业企业可持续绩效;(2)技术创新和商业模式创新两者都在数字化水平与制造业企业可持续绩效之间发挥了部分中介作用;(3)环境竞争性在数字化水平与技术创新关系中存在显著负向调节作用,而在数字化水平与商业模式创新关系中的调节作用不显著。

深圳-NESS:空间衍异——记一次探索深圳性的策展实验

从地缘政治对深圳特区四十年城市空间衍变的结果进行理论研究和实验性重构,理论研究层面:从深圳城市空间形态演变的表象出发,抽离其底层空间生产的表征性特点,构建空间再生产的实践性实验来映射深圳城市发展的未来性。策展实验层面:以全球化策展的缘起阐述对深圳性的理解,通过分析深圳5个具体典型空间实例,探索其集成空间呈现的深圳特征—构建5个实验性场景—感知未来深圳空间再生的可能性。

情感生产与传播:高校思政课教学情感互动机理

道德自我意识、情感公共性特征、情感互动性流等共同构成“反射式环绕”思政课教学情感互动结构。思政课教学中的师生共同塑造着教学情感的进程,表现为“交换-回报”“交互-承诺”“交往-依赖”的递进式节奏,思政课教学相关部门应通过营造思政课情感教学文化,提升师生“默会”认知能力;创建思政课情感体验空间,增加师生情感能量储备;运用思政课教学情感仪式,构建师生教学情感秩序等策略提升思政课教学情感互动效果,进而实现思政课教学高质量发展。

颈总动脉流速对创伤合并休克患者容量反应性的评价

目的探讨颈总动脉呼气末及吸气末流速对评估创伤合并休克患者容量反应性的意义。方法前瞻性研究2017年7月—2019年1月上海市浦东新区人民医院重症监护室收治需要机械通气控制呼吸的创伤合并休克患者60例,根据液体复苏后是否具有容量反应性(VR)且扩容前后心输出量(CO)变化是否≥15%将患者分为有反应(VR+组)及无反应(VR-组),各30例。VR+组男性23例,女性7例;年龄18~86岁,平均46.9岁。VR-组男性21例,女性9例;年龄18~90岁,平均46.1岁;采用迈瑞M9便携式多普勒超声取右颈总动脉长轴方向上测量两组患者呼气末最大血流速度(ex-Vmax)、吸气末最大血流速度(in-Vmax)与呼气末平均血流流速(ex-TAmax)、吸气末平均血流流速(in-TAmax),并计算出各自的变异度值:颈总动脉吸呼气末最大血流速度变异度(△Vmax)、吸呼气末平均血流速度变异度(△TAmax),分析不同组别上述数值的变化;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析以上各项指标在容量反应性评估方面的价值。结果VR+组与VR-组in-Vmax[(71.72±18.67)cm/s vs.(79.47±24.04)cm/s]、in-TAmax[(40.67±11.44)cm/svs.(46.44±15.84)cm/s]比较无明显差异,但ex-Vmax[(61.00±17.84)cm/s vs.(76.86±25.28)cm/s]、ex-TAmax[(34.83±11.01)cm/s vs.(44.66±15.43)cm/s]比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VR+组与VR-组△Vmax(19.42%±14.18%vs.5.09%±13.59%)、△TAmax(18.19%±11.63%vs.4.29%±7.57%)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ex-Vmax与ex-TAmax对创伤合并休克患者容量评估的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.695和0.678,而△Vmax与△TAmax的ROC曲线下面积均>0.800,分别是0.803和0.863,提示△Vmax、△TAmax对于创伤合并休克患者容量的评估更敏感。结论呼气末颈总动脉最大血流流速及平均血流流速、吸呼气末最大血流流速差异度及平均血流流速变异度均可用来评估机械通气创伤合并休克患者的容量反应性,且吸呼气末最大血流流速变异度及平均血流流速变异度对容量反应性的评估效果更佳。

从中医脉学的发展谈“系统辨证脉学”

系统辨证脉学是现代创新脉学的典型代表,通过对中医脉学溯源,梳理从传统脉学到现代脉学的发展脉络,总结系统辨证脉学的理论体系。系统辨证脉学具有系统性和辨证性两大基本特点。从脉体、脉壁、脉搏波和血流四个方面,将25对脉象要素进行归类,形成系统辨证脉学的整体架构。手指感觉系统开发和诊查区域是其特色技术要点。从脉象要素到层次到系统形成明晰的思维过程,进而构建出脉治相应的辨证诊疗模式。系统辨证脉学丰富了中医脉学的体系内涵,为实现多学科汇通及中医药现代化起到了极大的促进作用。

考虑互补效应的城市群多模式客运网络鲁棒性

为了分析城市群客运网络对突发事件的应对能力,从多种交通模式互补视角,基于复杂网络理论构建城市群多模式客运网络模型,应用引力模型建立节点失效后网络性能计算的规则,对城市群多模式客运网络的鲁棒性进行测度.引入基于鲁棒性的动态互补强度指标,对客运网络间的互补效应(CE)进行量化.对是否考虑CE时的鲁棒性进行对比,分析CE对鲁棒性的提升程度.以关中平原城市群为例进行实例研究,结果表明,在城市群多模式客运网络中,普铁网应对突发事件时的鲁棒性最强,公路网最弱.无论在何种攻击策略下,考虑CE时,城市群多模式客运网络的鲁棒性均有明显的提升,高铁网、普铁网和公路网的敏感度分别下降了19.1%、29.3%和22.0%.

双轴式不定偏心法对提高磁粒研磨轨迹均匀性的研究

为解决TC4钛合金表面研磨不均匀、研磨轨迹重叠与加工效率低的问题,提出1种双轴式不定偏心磁粒研磨法。利用Adams软件模拟单颗磨粒的运动轨迹,采用统计方法计算运动轨迹密度的标准差值,作为平面运动轨迹均匀性的定量评价值。采用单轴式磁粒研磨法、双轴式定心磁粒研磨法和双轴式不定心磁粒研磨法在主轴转速350 r/min,研磨间隙1.5 mm的实验条件下对TC4钛合金平面研磨60 min,通过表面粗糙度、平面度大小和表面形貌来表征工件的表面均匀性。结果表明相同实验条件下采用双轴式不定偏心磁粒研磨法进行表面光整加工,粗糙度Ra由3.60μm下降到0.21μm,最大高度差由41.0μm变为6.3μm,平面度由0.0297 mm变为0.0072 mm,相比较于其它2种加工方式,双轴式不定偏心磁粒研磨既可以提高研磨效率,又可以使磨粒的运动轨迹密集程度大幅度减小,研磨轨迹更加均匀,有效去除了工件表面缺陷,显著提升表面均匀性。

“双一流”学科建设成效评价方法:从学科监测到学科分析

“双一流”学科建设将学科监测作为其建设成效的主要评价方法,具备常态化、数据密集型等特点和优势。为进一步明确院系作为建设单位的主体责任和自主性,需要加强监测与评估的一体化,突出评价方法的问题导向和需求导向。“双一流”学科建设成效评价方法从学科监测到学科分析的优化路径是:在教育部层面改革顶层设计,在高校层面下沉资源配置,在院系层面强化组织能力。