An extensively drug-resistant(XDR)Escherichia coli strain 258E was isolated from an anal swab sample of a chicken farm of Anhui province in China.Genomic analyses indicated that the strain 258E harbors an incompatibil...An extensively drug-resistant(XDR)Escherichia coli strain 258E was isolated from an anal swab sample of a chicken farm of Anhui province in China.Genomic analyses indicated that the strain 258E harbors an incompatibility group N(IncN)plasmid pEC258-3,which co-produces bla_(CTX-M-3),bla_(KPC-2),bla_(TEM-1B),qnrS1,aac(6')-Ib-cr,dfrA14,arr-3,and aac(6')-Ib3.Multiple genome arrangement analyses indicated that pEC258-3 is highly homologous with pCRKP-1-KPC discovered in Klebsiella pneumoniae from a patient.Furthermore,conjugation experiments proved that plasmid pEC258-3 can be transferred horizontally and may pose a significant potential threat in animals,community and hospital settings.展开更多
目的1株mphA和mcr-1阳性鼠伤寒沙门菌的鉴定及耐药特征分析;方法分离自4岁腹泻患者粪便样本中的1株鼠伤寒沙门菌,使用沙门菌血清凝集法进行菌株鉴定,质谱法复核鉴定结果;使用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验;通过全基因组测序及耐药基因注...目的1株mphA和mcr-1阳性鼠伤寒沙门菌的鉴定及耐药特征分析;方法分离自4岁腹泻患者粪便样本中的1株鼠伤寒沙门菌,使用沙门菌血清凝集法进行菌株鉴定,质谱法复核鉴定结果;使用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验;通过全基因组测序及耐药基因注释鉴定菌株所携带的耐药基因;通过质粒测序及生信分析进行质粒类型鉴定、质粒耐药基因、插入子等注释及质粒结构分析;通过质粒接合转移试验评估质粒的水平转移能力。结果药敏试验结果显示分离株对包括阿奇霉素、多黏菌素、头孢曲松和环丙沙星等临床常用抗生素药物耐药。耐药基因鉴定结果显示:该分离株携带包括大环内酯类抗性基因mphA,多黏菌素抗性基因mcr-1在内的12类45个耐药基因及1个氟喹诺酮类耐药点突变gyr A S83F。质粒测序分析结果显示:该菌株携带一个260,008bp大小的Inc HI2型质粒,该质粒携带包括mphA基因和mcr-1基因在内的19个耐药基因,15种插入子,4种转座子。质粒接合转移实验结果显示该质粒可以在肠杆菌目细菌之间水平转移。结论研究结果为临床治疗鼠伤寒沙门菌感染中合理使用抗生素以及有效预防、控制耐阿奇霉素、多黏菌素鼠伤寒沙门菌的传播提供了科学依据。展开更多
The method of gene transfer into corneal endothelium was investigated to provide a foundation for the study of TGF-β1 gene transfer to inhibit corneal graft rejection.Two days after direct injection of p MAM TGF-β...The method of gene transfer into corneal endothelium was investigated to provide a foundation for the study of TGF-β1 gene transfer to inhibit corneal graft rejection.Two days after direct injection of p MAM TGF-β1 mediated by liposom e into the anterior cham ber of rabbits,one half of corneas were made into paraffin slides and the endothelial layer was carefully torn from the other half to make a single layer slide of endothelia.By means of im munohistochemical technique, the plasmid p MAM TGF- β1 expression product TGF- β1 in the endothelia was detected.Specific TGF- β1 expression was positive in the endothelia on both the paraffin slide and the single layer slide.The results showed that by direct injection into the anterior cham ber,foreign plasmid DNA could be transferred into the endothelia and its expression was obtained.This may provide a foun- dation for further study on TGF-β1 participating in local induction of corneal imm une tolerance.展开更多
This review chronicles the development of the plant binary vectors of Ti plasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens during the last 30 years. A binary vector strategy was designed in 1983 to separate the T-DNA region in a s...This review chronicles the development of the plant binary vectors of Ti plasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens during the last 30 years. A binary vector strategy was designed in 1983 to separate the T-DNA region in a small plasmid from the virulence genes in avirulent T-DNA-less Ti plasmid. The small plant vectors with the T-DNA region have been simply now called binary Ti vectors. A binary Ti vector consist of a broad host-range replicon for propagation in A. tumeraciens, an antibiotic resistance gene for bacterial selection and the T-DNA region that would be transferred to the plant genome via the bacterial virulence machinery. The T-DNA region delimited by the right and left border sequences contains an antibiotic resistance gene for plant selection, reporter gene, and/or any genes of interest. The ColEI replicon was also added to the plasmid backbone to enhance the propagation in Escherichia coli. A general trend in the binary vector development has been to increase the plasmid stability during a long co-cultivation period of A. tumefaciens with the target host plant tissues. A second trend is to understand the molecular mechanism of broad host-range replication, and to use it to reduce the size of plasmid for ease in cloning and for higher plasmid yield in E. coli. The broad host-range replicon of VS1 was shown to be a choice of replicon over those of pRK2, pRi and pSA because of the superior stability and of small well-defined replicon. Newly developed plant binary vectors pLSU has the small size of plasmid backbone (4566 bp) consisting of VS1 replicon (2654 bp), ColE1 replicon (715 bp), a bacterial kanamycin (999 bp) or tetracycline resistance gene, and the T-DNA region (152 bp).展开更多
Conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)by plasmids is an important route for ARG dissemination.An increasing number of antibiotic and nonantibiotic compounds have been reported to aid the spread of A...Conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)by plasmids is an important route for ARG dissemination.An increasing number of antibiotic and nonantibiotic compounds have been reported to aid the spread of ARGs,highlighting potential challenges for controlling this type of horizontal transfer.Development of conjugation inhibitors that block or delay the transfer of ARG-bearing plasmids is a promising strategy to control the propagation of antibiotic resistance.Although such inhibitors are rare,they typically exhibit relatively high toxicity and low efficacy in vivo and their mechanisms of action are inadequately understood.Here,we studied the effects of dihydroartemisinin(DHA),an artemisinin derivative used to treat malaria,on conjugation.DHA inhibited the conjugation of the IncI2 and IncX4 plasmids carrying the mobile colistin resistance gene(mcr-1)by more than 160-fold in vitro in Escherichia coli,and more than two-fold(IncI2 plasmid)in vivo in a mouse model.It also suppressed the transfer of the IncX3 plasmid carrying the carbapenem resistance gene bla_(NDM-5)by more than twofold in vitro.Detection of intracellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and proton motive force(PMF),in combination with transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses,revealed that DHA impaired the function of the electron transport chain(ETC)by inhibiting the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle pathway,thereby disrupting PMF and limiting the availability of intracellular ATP for plasmid conjugative transfer.Furthermore,expression levels of genes related to conjugation and pilus generation were significantly down-regulated during DHA exposure,indicating that the transfer apparatus for conjugation may be inhibited.Our findings provide new insights into the control of antibiotic resistance and the potential use of DHA.展开更多
Each possible pair of residues inβ-1,4 glucanase for disulfide formation was assessed using online websites,and four pairs L28C-S256C,Q41C-P278C,S122C-N163C and A184C-A215C were selected.Accordingly,four recombinant ...Each possible pair of residues inβ-1,4 glucanase for disulfide formation was assessed using online websites,and four pairs L28C-S256C,Q41C-P278C,S122C-N163C and A184C-A215C were selected.Accordingly,four recombinant plasmids pET28a(+)EccslH28,pET28a(+)EccslH41,pET28a(+)EccslH122 and pET28a(+)EccslH184 were prepared and transformed into E.coli to express the recombinant enzymes.Then analysis on enzymatic properties showed that T50 of the recombinant enzymes was increased from 10 min for EccslHt2 to 90 min for EccslH28 and 40 min for EccslH41 at 70℃,while their optimum pH value and pH stability were not affected,which proved that the introduction of disulfide bond improved the thermal stability ofβ-1,4 glucanase.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0192600)the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program,China(T20200104)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2020JB05)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202203).
文摘An extensively drug-resistant(XDR)Escherichia coli strain 258E was isolated from an anal swab sample of a chicken farm of Anhui province in China.Genomic analyses indicated that the strain 258E harbors an incompatibility group N(IncN)plasmid pEC258-3,which co-produces bla_(CTX-M-3),bla_(KPC-2),bla_(TEM-1B),qnrS1,aac(6')-Ib-cr,dfrA14,arr-3,and aac(6')-Ib3.Multiple genome arrangement analyses indicated that pEC258-3 is highly homologous with pCRKP-1-KPC discovered in Klebsiella pneumoniae from a patient.Furthermore,conjugation experiments proved that plasmid pEC258-3 can be transferred horizontally and may pose a significant potential threat in animals,community and hospital settings.
文摘目的1株mphA和mcr-1阳性鼠伤寒沙门菌的鉴定及耐药特征分析;方法分离自4岁腹泻患者粪便样本中的1株鼠伤寒沙门菌,使用沙门菌血清凝集法进行菌株鉴定,质谱法复核鉴定结果;使用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏试验;通过全基因组测序及耐药基因注释鉴定菌株所携带的耐药基因;通过质粒测序及生信分析进行质粒类型鉴定、质粒耐药基因、插入子等注释及质粒结构分析;通过质粒接合转移试验评估质粒的水平转移能力。结果药敏试验结果显示分离株对包括阿奇霉素、多黏菌素、头孢曲松和环丙沙星等临床常用抗生素药物耐药。耐药基因鉴定结果显示:该分离株携带包括大环内酯类抗性基因mphA,多黏菌素抗性基因mcr-1在内的12类45个耐药基因及1个氟喹诺酮类耐药点突变gyr A S83F。质粒测序分析结果显示:该菌株携带一个260,008bp大小的Inc HI2型质粒,该质粒携带包括mphA基因和mcr-1基因在内的19个耐药基因,15种插入子,4种转座子。质粒接合转移实验结果显示该质粒可以在肠杆菌目细菌之间水平转移。结论研究结果为临床治疗鼠伤寒沙门菌感染中合理使用抗生素以及有效预防、控制耐阿奇霉素、多黏菌素鼠伤寒沙门菌的传播提供了科学依据。
基金This project was supported by a grant from the NaturalSciences Foundation of Hubei Province(No.97J0 70 )
文摘The method of gene transfer into corneal endothelium was investigated to provide a foundation for the study of TGF-β1 gene transfer to inhibit corneal graft rejection.Two days after direct injection of p MAM TGF-β1 mediated by liposom e into the anterior cham ber of rabbits,one half of corneas were made into paraffin slides and the endothelial layer was carefully torn from the other half to make a single layer slide of endothelia.By means of im munohistochemical technique, the plasmid p MAM TGF- β1 expression product TGF- β1 in the endothelia was detected.Specific TGF- β1 expression was positive in the endothelia on both the paraffin slide and the single layer slide.The results showed that by direct injection into the anterior cham ber,foreign plasmid DNA could be transferred into the endothelia and its expression was obtained.This may provide a foun- dation for further study on TGF-β1 participating in local induction of corneal imm une tolerance.
文摘This review chronicles the development of the plant binary vectors of Ti plasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens during the last 30 years. A binary vector strategy was designed in 1983 to separate the T-DNA region in a small plasmid from the virulence genes in avirulent T-DNA-less Ti plasmid. The small plant vectors with the T-DNA region have been simply now called binary Ti vectors. A binary Ti vector consist of a broad host-range replicon for propagation in A. tumeraciens, an antibiotic resistance gene for bacterial selection and the T-DNA region that would be transferred to the plant genome via the bacterial virulence machinery. The T-DNA region delimited by the right and left border sequences contains an antibiotic resistance gene for plant selection, reporter gene, and/or any genes of interest. The ColEI replicon was also added to the plasmid backbone to enhance the propagation in Escherichia coli. A general trend in the binary vector development has been to increase the plasmid stability during a long co-cultivation period of A. tumefaciens with the target host plant tissues. A second trend is to understand the molecular mechanism of broad host-range replication, and to use it to reduce the size of plasmid for ease in cloning and for higher plasmid yield in E. coli. The broad host-range replicon of VS1 was shown to be a choice of replicon over those of pRK2, pRi and pSA because of the superior stability and of small well-defined replicon. Newly developed plant binary vectors pLSU has the small size of plasmid backbone (4566 bp) consisting of VS1 replicon (2654 bp), ColE1 replicon (715 bp), a bacterial kanamycin (999 bp) or tetracycline resistance gene, and the T-DNA region (152 bp).
基金supported in part by grants from the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project (NT2021006)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1800400)。
文摘Conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)by plasmids is an important route for ARG dissemination.An increasing number of antibiotic and nonantibiotic compounds have been reported to aid the spread of ARGs,highlighting potential challenges for controlling this type of horizontal transfer.Development of conjugation inhibitors that block or delay the transfer of ARG-bearing plasmids is a promising strategy to control the propagation of antibiotic resistance.Although such inhibitors are rare,they typically exhibit relatively high toxicity and low efficacy in vivo and their mechanisms of action are inadequately understood.Here,we studied the effects of dihydroartemisinin(DHA),an artemisinin derivative used to treat malaria,on conjugation.DHA inhibited the conjugation of the IncI2 and IncX4 plasmids carrying the mobile colistin resistance gene(mcr-1)by more than 160-fold in vitro in Escherichia coli,and more than two-fold(IncI2 plasmid)in vivo in a mouse model.It also suppressed the transfer of the IncX3 plasmid carrying the carbapenem resistance gene bla_(NDM-5)by more than twofold in vitro.Detection of intracellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and proton motive force(PMF),in combination with transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses,revealed that DHA impaired the function of the electron transport chain(ETC)by inhibiting the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle pathway,thereby disrupting PMF and limiting the availability of intracellular ATP for plasmid conjugative transfer.Furthermore,expression levels of genes related to conjugation and pilus generation were significantly down-regulated during DHA exposure,indicating that the transfer apparatus for conjugation may be inhibited.Our findings provide new insights into the control of antibiotic resistance and the potential use of DHA.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2019YFC1905902,2019YFC1905900)Key Research and Development Plan in Shandong Province(2020CXGC010603,2021ZDSYS10,2022CXGC020206)+2 种基金"Open Competition Mechanism"Project of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)(2022JBZ01-06)Taishan Industry Leading Talent Program(tscy20180103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801527)。
文摘Each possible pair of residues inβ-1,4 glucanase for disulfide formation was assessed using online websites,and four pairs L28C-S256C,Q41C-P278C,S122C-N163C and A184C-A215C were selected.Accordingly,four recombinant plasmids pET28a(+)EccslH28,pET28a(+)EccslH41,pET28a(+)EccslH122 and pET28a(+)EccslH184 were prepared and transformed into E.coli to express the recombinant enzymes.Then analysis on enzymatic properties showed that T50 of the recombinant enzymes was increased from 10 min for EccslHt2 to 90 min for EccslH28 and 40 min for EccslH41 at 70℃,while their optimum pH value and pH stability were not affected,which proved that the introduction of disulfide bond improved the thermal stability ofβ-1,4 glucanase.
