Due to the effectiveness, simple deployment and low cost, radio frequency identification （RFID） systems are used in a variety of applications to uniquely identify physical objects. The operation of RFID systems ofte...Due to the effectiveness, simple deployment and low cost, radio frequency identification （RFID） systems are used in a variety of applications to uniquely identify physical objects. The operation of RFID systems often involves a situation in which multiple readers physically located near one another may interfere with one another＇s operation. Such reader collision must be minimized to avoid the faulty or miss reads. Specifically, scheduling the colliding RFID readers to reduce the total system transaction time or response time is the challenging problem for large-scale RFID network deployment. Therefore, the aim of this work is to use a successful multi-swarm cooperative optimizer called pseo to minimize both the reader-to-reader interference and total system transaction time in RFID reader networks. The main idea of pS20 is to extend the single population PSO to the interacting multi-swarm model by constructing hierarchical interaction topology and enhanced dynamical update equations. As the RFID network scheduling model formulated in this work is a discrete problem, a binary version of PS20 algorithm is proposed. With seven discrete benchmark functions, PS20 is proved to have significantly better performance than the original PSO and a binary genetic algorithm, pS20 is then used for solving the real-world RFID network scheduling problem. Numerical results for four test cases with different scales, ranging from 30 to 200 readers, demonstrate the performance of the proposed methodology.展开更多
Oxidation process of Co(C 6 H 11 O) 2 PS 2 2 and substitute-reduction reaction of Co C 6 H 11 O) 2 PS 2 3 with pyridine have been studied by spectrophotome tric methods,respectively.The equ ilibrium constant was found...Oxidation process of Co(C 6 H 11 O) 2 PS 2 2 and substitute-reduction reaction of Co C 6 H 11 O) 2 PS 2 3 with pyridine have been studied by spectrophotome tric methods,respectively.The equ ilibrium constant was found to be K=0.63±0.02(mol·dm -3 ) -3 .The crystal structure of Co 6 H 11 O) 2 PS 2 2·2Py has been determined by X-ray diff-raction method.The crystal belongs to triclinic system,space groupP1,with cell parameters:a=6.944(2)?,b=9.277(3)?,c=15.981(6)?,α=91.79(3)°,β=99.55(3)°,γ=94.44(3)°,V=1011.2(6)? 3 ,Z =2,M r =803.94,D c =1.320Mg ·m -3 ,F(000)=425,μ=0.747mm -1 ,final R=0.0700and w R=0.1988for 3626re-flections with I≥2σ(I).The cobalt atom in the title complex has a octahedral geometry with four Co-S bonds and two Co-N bonds.The central atom P is t etrahedrally surrounded by two sulp hur atoms and two oxygen atoms in the dicyclohexyldithiophosphate liga nd.The six carbon atoms of cyclohexyl take the chair conformation.展开更多
Additive reactions of Ni[(C 4H 9O) 2PS 2] 2 with ethylamine,diethylamine and triethylamine were studied by spectrophotometric methods in ethanol at several tempertures.With ethylamine,the adduct formation of NiL 2...Additive reactions of Ni[(C 4H 9O) 2PS 2] 2 with ethylamine,diethylamine and triethylamine were studied by spectrophotometric methods in ethanol at several tempertures.With ethylamine,the adduct formation of NiL 2·B and NiL 2·B 2 was established.For diethylamine and triethylamine,being of their steric hindrance effect,the formation of NiL 2·B only was concluded.Their additive equilibrium constants(lg β n)and additive molecular number(n) were discussed.Thermodynamic parameters △ r H m and △ r S m were found by the least square method.The additive equilibrium constants in the range 278 0～303 0K were described by empirical equation.展开更多
The equilibrium swelling of the system Polystyrene (PS) (M = 1.7 × 10s, monodisperse)/diethyl ether at 30 °C and 35 °C has been studied in detail in quiescent state for a time span over 150 d. Arguments...The equilibrium swelling of the system Polystyrene (PS) (M = 1.7 × 10s, monodisperse)/diethyl ether at 30 °C and 35 °C has been studied in detail in quiescent state for a time span over 150 d. Arguments are given to show that the swelling process in a “non-solvent” is a network swelling rather than a phase separation process. It is different from the cloud point curve (CPC) experiment studied in literature, where the experiment starts from a one-phase solution, so that the cohesional entanglement present in the solid polymer is disrupted by dissolution. The cohesional entanglement structure of the solid polymer, on the contrary, is retained in the concentrated phase on swelling, at least in the initial stage. The course of swelling as presented by the curve Va(t) was found to proceed in three stages, where Va is the volume of the concentrated phase. In the first and third stages of Va(t), the curve goes up smoothly, while in the second stage the curve Va(t) shows large up and down jumps, indicating probably a readjustment in the network structure. Some results on a monodisperse PS sample of M = 5.8 × 105 and a polydisperse sample of M = 2.0 × 105 are also given. The values of Va observed at swelling equilibrium are not in accord with the expected cloud point temperature. The cloud point curve represents a phase separation process occurring in local regions (space limited to μm) and in time scale of the order of minute, while the process Va(t) occurred in the whole space of the concentrated phase, in time scale of days. For quantitative characterization of the network present in the concentrated phase, a precise value of the polymer-solvent interaction parameter x is needed.展开更多
基金Projects(61105067,61174164)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(012BAF10B11,2012BAF10B06)supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China+1 种基金Project(F11-264-1-08)supported by the Shenyang Science and Technology Project,ChinaProject(2011BY100383)supported by the Cooperation Project of Foshan and Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Due to the effectiveness, simple deployment and low cost, radio frequency identification （RFID） systems are used in a variety of applications to uniquely identify physical objects. The operation of RFID systems often involves a situation in which multiple readers physically located near one another may interfere with one another＇s operation. Such reader collision must be minimized to avoid the faulty or miss reads. Specifically, scheduling the colliding RFID readers to reduce the total system transaction time or response time is the challenging problem for large-scale RFID network deployment. Therefore, the aim of this work is to use a successful multi-swarm cooperative optimizer called pseo to minimize both the reader-to-reader interference and total system transaction time in RFID reader networks. The main idea of pS20 is to extend the single population PSO to the interacting multi-swarm model by constructing hierarchical interaction topology and enhanced dynamical update equations. As the RFID network scheduling model formulated in this work is a discrete problem, a binary version of PS20 algorithm is proposed. With seven discrete benchmark functions, PS20 is proved to have significantly better performance than the original PSO and a binary genetic algorithm, pS20 is then used for solving the real-world RFID network scheduling problem. Numerical results for four test cases with different scales, ranging from 30 to 200 readers, demonstrate the performance of the proposed methodology.
文摘Oxidation process of Co(C 6 H 11 O) 2 PS 2 2 and substitute-reduction reaction of Co C 6 H 11 O) 2 PS 2 3 with pyridine have been studied by spectrophotome tric methods,respectively.The equ ilibrium constant was found to be K=0.63±0.02(mol·dm -3 ) -3 .The crystal structure of Co 6 H 11 O) 2 PS 2 2·2Py has been determined by X-ray diff-raction method.The crystal belongs to triclinic system,space groupP1,with cell parameters:a=6.944(2)?,b=9.277(3)?,c=15.981(6)?,α=91.79(3)°,β=99.55(3)°,γ=94.44(3)°,V=1011.2(6)? 3 ,Z =2,M r =803.94,D c =1.320Mg ·m -3 ,F(000)=425,μ=0.747mm -1 ,final R=0.0700and w R=0.1988for 3626re-flections with I≥2σ(I).The cobalt atom in the title complex has a octahedral geometry with four Co-S bonds and two Co-N bonds.The central atom P is t etrahedrally surrounded by two sulp hur atoms and two oxygen atoms in the dicyclohexyldithiophosphate liga nd.The six carbon atoms of cyclohexyl take the chair conformation.
文摘Additive reactions of Ni[(C 4H 9O) 2PS 2] 2 with ethylamine,diethylamine and triethylamine were studied by spectrophotometric methods in ethanol at several tempertures.With ethylamine,the adduct formation of NiL 2·B and NiL 2·B 2 was established.For diethylamine and triethylamine,being of their steric hindrance effect,the formation of NiL 2·B only was concluded.Their additive equilibrium constants(lg β n)and additive molecular number(n) were discussed.Thermodynamic parameters △ r H m and △ r S m were found by the least square method.The additive equilibrium constants in the range 278 0～303 0K were described by empirical equation.
文摘The equilibrium swelling of the system Polystyrene (PS) (M = 1.7 × 10s, monodisperse)/diethyl ether at 30 °C and 35 °C has been studied in detail in quiescent state for a time span over 150 d. Arguments are given to show that the swelling process in a “non-solvent” is a network swelling rather than a phase separation process. It is different from the cloud point curve (CPC) experiment studied in literature, where the experiment starts from a one-phase solution, so that the cohesional entanglement present in the solid polymer is disrupted by dissolution. The cohesional entanglement structure of the solid polymer, on the contrary, is retained in the concentrated phase on swelling, at least in the initial stage. The course of swelling as presented by the curve Va(t) was found to proceed in three stages, where Va is the volume of the concentrated phase. In the first and third stages of Va(t), the curve goes up smoothly, while in the second stage the curve Va(t) shows large up and down jumps, indicating probably a readjustment in the network structure. Some results on a monodisperse PS sample of M = 5.8 × 105 and a polydisperse sample of M = 2.0 × 105 are also given. The values of Va observed at swelling equilibrium are not in accord with the expected cloud point temperature. The cloud point curve represents a phase separation process occurring in local regions (space limited to μm) and in time scale of the order of minute, while the process Va(t) occurred in the whole space of the concentrated phase, in time scale of days. For quantitative characterization of the network present in the concentrated phase, a precise value of the polymer-solvent interaction parameter x is needed.
