The potential effects of three heavy metals （Cu, Pb, and Cd） on hatching success ofAcartia pacifica resting eggs in the sediment of Xiamen Bay were experimentally investigated. The number ofA. pacifica nauplii hatch...The potential effects of three heavy metals （Cu, Pb, and Cd） on hatching success ofAcartia pacifica resting eggs in the sediment of Xiamen Bay were experimentally investigated. The number ofA. pacifica nauplii hatched from the sediment sharply decreased with the increase of metal concentration and exposure time from 3 to 30 d. An increase of the Cu concentration from 34.8 to 348 mg/kg, reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 46.6%-100%. An increase of the Pb concentration from 75.2 to 752 mg/kg, reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 21.4%-78.9%. An increase of the Cd concentration from 0.68 to 6.8 mg/kg, reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 31.6%-94.7%. The number of nauplii also significantly decreased with the increase of mixed-metal concentration and exposure time in the mixed-metal test. Trimmed Spearman-Karber analysis gave sediment metal 72-h LC50 values of 1.25 mmol Cu/kg, 1.73 mmol Pb/kg, and 0.054 mmol Cd/kg, which suggested that Cd was the most toxic to A. pacifica resting eggs in the three tested metals. The results indicate that heavy metals with higher concentrations can reduce recruitment of A. pacifica nauplii from benthic resting eggs to planktonic population.展开更多
Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment of nauplii to the water column population. The distribution and abundance of viable resting eggs of Acartia...Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment of nauplii to the water column population. The distribution and abundance of viable resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in the Xiamen Bay were determined by the presence of nauplii in the laboratory. The number of viable eggs var/ed temporally and spatially. The maximum number (9.2×10^4m^-2) of viable eggs was in summer. In spring the average abundance of viable eggs was 5.6×10^4 m^-2. The abundances of viable eggs in fall and winter were similar, respectively 2.7×10^4 and 3.3×10^4m^-2, which were the lowest in the year. The numbers of viable eggs inside the stations of the Xiamen Bay were higher than those outside the stations. The viable eggs were found at all depths (0-10 cm),although not in every station. The maximum number did not necessarily occur in the uppermost centimeter of the sediments but often occurred several centimeters below the water-sediment interface. The accumulation of viable eggs in the seabed of a subtropical bay constitutes a potential source of recruitment of nauplii into the pelagic population.展开更多
Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment ofnauplii to the water column population. The potential effects of two organochlorine pesticides, hexchlori...Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment ofnauplii to the water column population. The potential effects of two organochlorine pesticides, hexchloriobinzene （HCH） and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane （DDT）, on the recruitment of A ccu＇tla pacifica nauplii from benthic resting eggs in the seabed of Xiamen Bay were experimentally investigated. The abundance of A. pacifica nauplii hatched from the sediment significantly decreased with the increase of pesticide concentration. Trimmed Spearman-Karber analysis gave sediment 96-h LC50 values were 84.81 ng/g for HCH, and 157.94 ng/g for DDT. The median AI （Al50） was -0.77, which suggested that the combined effect of riCH and DDT showed a weak effect than individual effects. There was a positive relationship between mortality and exposure time in DDT treatment, while the relationship was not significant in HCH treatment. The results suggest that organochlorine pesticides can reduce recruitment of A. pacifica nauplii from benthic resting eggs to planktonic population.展开更多
The seasonal size structure and spatial abundance distributions of Euphausia pacifica populations were investigated in the central part of southern Yellow Sea from August 2009 to May 2010.The abundance and biomass of ...The seasonal size structure and spatial abundance distributions of Euphausia pacifica populations were investigated in the central part of southern Yellow Sea from August 2009 to May 2010.The abundance and biomass of E.pacifica were higher in spring and summer,and lower in autumn and winter.The mean abundance and biomass(calculated by carbon)were 74.94 ind./m^3 and 8.23 mg/m^3,respectively.Females with total length(TL)ranging between 10 and 19 mm in summer had a substantial contribution to the population biomass,whereas larvae of TL of 3–7 mm in spring were the main contributor to the population abundance.The sex ratio(female:male)showed a female bias in four seasons.Its value peaked in summer,and then decreased in autumn,spring,and winter successively.Cohort analysis revealed that the length-frequency distribution of E.pacifica could be characterized as one group with large animals(mean TL>12 mm)accompanied by one or two subgroups of small individuals(mean TL<7 mm).Regarding the spatial distribution,juveniles and adults of E.pacifica tend to concentrate in relatively deep water with low temperature(～11℃)and high salinity(>32),whereas its larvae showed more abundance in inshore water with rich chlorophyll a,low salinity(<32),and warm temperature(>11℃),especially in summer and autumn.Associations changed seasonally between stage-specific abundance and environmental factors.展开更多
The seasonal occurrence of Acartia pacifica （ Copepoda： Calanoida） and their resting eggs in the sediment of Xiamen Bay were documented between October 2002 and September 2003. The numher of viable eggs in the sedi...The seasonal occurrence of Acartia pacifica （ Copepoda： Calanoida） and their resting eggs in the sediment of Xiamen Bay were documented between October 2002 and September 2003. The numher of viable eggs in the sediment increased from January to May with the increase in the numher of planktonic females. When the population ofA. pacifica disappeared from the water cohinm, the number of eggs in the sediment began to decrease and reached a low value due to lack of input. The peak of nauplii abundance occurred when the hatching potential of eggs from the sediment was high under the natural environment from February to June. The hatching of resting eggs of A. pacifica was essentially temperature-dependent after suspension, while photoperied regimes had no significant effect on the hatching. The mean density of subitaneeus eggs was 1. 122 0 g/cm^3 with a standard deviation （SD） of 0. 000 2 g/cm^3. The mean density of diapause eggs was 1. 151 2 g/cm^3 with a SD of 0.000 1 g/cm^3. The sinking rates of subitaneons eggs ranged from 19.55 to 26.17 m/d, while those of diapause eggs ranged from 30.29 to 31.28 m/d. The comparison of the egg deposition time and egg hatching time suggested that in most cases virtually all subitaneous eggs of A. pacifica would settle to the bottom before their hatching even though the eggs have high potential to hatch. The evidence was provided that the seasonal dynamics of A. pacifica is accompanied by benthic-pelagic coupling.展开更多
Two terranes formed since the Late Palaeozoic can be distinguished in southwestern China. One is charac-terized by the Permo-Carboniferous ice-rafted marine gravel-bearing clastic formation and the cold-water faunaof ...Two terranes formed since the Late Palaeozoic can be distinguished in southwestern China. One is charac-terized by the Permo-Carboniferous ice-rafted marine gravel-bearing clastic formation and the cold-water faunaof the Gondwana facies, including the Gangmar Co, Lhasa, Sa' gya, Tengchong and Baoshan terranes and theother is marked by the Upper Palaeozoic of the Yangtze type with the Cathaysian flora and the Pacific-typefusulinids, comprising the Changning-Menglian, Shuangjiang-Lancang, Qamdo and Bayan Har terranes. TheLongmu Co-Shuanghu-Dengqen-North Lancang River-Kejie-Mengding suture zone between the two groups ofterranes is the boundary between Gondwana and Pacifica in southwestern China. On the grounds of thesedimentary formation and successive southwestward migration of the Asian nonmarine Jurassic-Cretaceousendemic bivalves, the ages of the suture and some terranes to the southwest of the suture zone are discussed.The Baoshan terrane and the Nyainrong-Sog terrane in the Lhasa composite terrane were firstly pieced togeth-er with the Asian continent in the early Early Jurassic. The northern Tibet-western Yunnan microplate, in-cluding the Gangmar Co, Lhasa and Tengchong terranes, collided with the Asian continent at the end of theEarly Cretaceous Neocomian.展开更多
The potential effect of hydrocarbon contamination on the hatching success of benthic resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in Xiamen Bay was investigated experimentally. The number of nauplii emerging from the sediment sam...The potential effect of hydrocarbon contamination on the hatching success of benthic resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in Xiamen Bay was investigated experimentally. The number of nauplii emerging from the sediment samples decreased with increasing Fuel Oil #0 concentration. The estimated rate of mortality increased markedly with the increase of Fuel Oil #0 concentration. Successive fuel Oil #0 concentrations from 50 mg/kg to 5000 mg/kg reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 3.8%-100%. The mortality of A. pacifica resting eggs due to Fuel Oil #0 contamination did not significantly increase as time progressed at each concentration level. The LC50 values of resting eggs, changing from 237.12 to 279.59 mg/kg, remained at an almost stable level in two months. The number of A. pacifica nauplii that hatched from the sediment at 10°C was higher than those from the sediment at 30°C, which indicates that the toxicity of Fuel Oil #0 on A. pacifica resting eggs increases with increasing temperature.展开更多
Objective To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Gypsophila pacifica.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and their structures were identified by spec...Objective To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Gypsophila pacifica.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and their structures were identified by spectral data together with physicochemical analysis.Results Five compounds were isolated and identified as 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl gypsogenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(1),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(2),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl gypsogenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(3),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(4),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-α-L-arabino-pyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(5).Conclusion The five compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40506002,40076034)PRIC Innovation Foundation of Polar Science for Young Scientists(No.JDQ200502).
文摘The potential effects of three heavy metals （Cu, Pb, and Cd） on hatching success ofAcartia pacifica resting eggs in the sediment of Xiamen Bay were experimentally investigated. The number ofA. pacifica nauplii hatched from the sediment sharply decreased with the increase of metal concentration and exposure time from 3 to 30 d. An increase of the Cu concentration from 34.8 to 348 mg/kg, reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 46.6%-100%. An increase of the Pb concentration from 75.2 to 752 mg/kg, reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 21.4%-78.9%. An increase of the Cd concentration from 0.68 to 6.8 mg/kg, reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 31.6%-94.7%. The number of nauplii also significantly decreased with the increase of mixed-metal concentration and exposure time in the mixed-metal test. Trimmed Spearman-Karber analysis gave sediment metal 72-h LC50 values of 1.25 mmol Cu/kg, 1.73 mmol Pb/kg, and 0.054 mmol Cd/kg, which suggested that Cd was the most toxic to A. pacifica resting eggs in the three tested metals. The results indicate that heavy metals with higher concentrations can reduce recruitment of A. pacifica nauplii from benthic resting eggs to planktonic population.
文摘Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment of nauplii to the water column population. The distribution and abundance of viable resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in the Xiamen Bay were determined by the presence of nauplii in the laboratory. The number of viable eggs var/ed temporally and spatially. The maximum number (9.2×10^4m^-2) of viable eggs was in summer. In spring the average abundance of viable eggs was 5.6×10^4 m^-2. The abundances of viable eggs in fall and winter were similar, respectively 2.7×10^4 and 3.3×10^4m^-2, which were the lowest in the year. The numbers of viable eggs inside the stations of the Xiamen Bay were higher than those outside the stations. The viable eggs were found at all depths (0-10 cm),although not in every station. The maximum number did not necessarily occur in the uppermost centimeter of the sediments but often occurred several centimeters below the water-sediment interface. The accumulation of viable eggs in the seabed of a subtropical bay constitutes a potential source of recruitment of nauplii into the pelagic population.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40506002 40076034) PRIC Innovation Foundation of Polar Science forYoung Scientists (No. JDQ200502)
文摘Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment ofnauplii to the water column population. The potential effects of two organochlorine pesticides, hexchloriobinzene （HCH） and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane （DDT）, on the recruitment of A ccu＇tla pacifica nauplii from benthic resting eggs in the seabed of Xiamen Bay were experimentally investigated. The abundance of A. pacifica nauplii hatched from the sediment significantly decreased with the increase of pesticide concentration. Trimmed Spearman-Karber analysis gave sediment 96-h LC50 values were 84.81 ng/g for HCH, and 157.94 ng/g for DDT. The median AI （Al50） was -0.77, which suggested that the combined effect of riCH and DDT showed a weak effect than individual effects. There was a positive relationship between mortality and exposure time in DDT treatment, while the relationship was not significant in HCH treatment. The results suggest that organochlorine pesticides can reduce recruitment of A. pacifica nauplii from benthic resting eggs to planktonic population.
基金The NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No.U1606404the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.40976103the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under contract No.2011CB403604
文摘The seasonal size structure and spatial abundance distributions of Euphausia pacifica populations were investigated in the central part of southern Yellow Sea from August 2009 to May 2010.The abundance and biomass of E.pacifica were higher in spring and summer,and lower in autumn and winter.The mean abundance and biomass(calculated by carbon)were 74.94 ind./m^3 and 8.23 mg/m^3,respectively.Females with total length(TL)ranging between 10 and 19 mm in summer had a substantial contribution to the population biomass,whereas larvae of TL of 3–7 mm in spring were the main contributor to the population abundance.The sex ratio(female:male)showed a female bias in four seasons.Its value peaked in summer,and then decreased in autumn,spring,and winter successively.Cohort analysis revealed that the length-frequency distribution of E.pacifica could be characterized as one group with large animals(mean TL>12 mm)accompanied by one or two subgroups of small individuals(mean TL<7 mm).Regarding the spatial distribution,juveniles and adults of E.pacifica tend to concentrate in relatively deep water with low temperature(～11℃)and high salinity(>32),whereas its larvae showed more abundance in inshore water with rich chlorophyll a,low salinity(<32),and warm temperature(>11℃),especially in summer and autumn.Associations changed seasonally between stage-specific abundance and environmental factors.
基金We appreciate the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 40506002 and 40076034the State 0ceanic Administration Foundation for Young Scientists of China under contract No.2006119the Polar Research Institute of China Innovation Foundation of Polar Science for Young Scientists of China under contract No.JDQ200502.
文摘The seasonal occurrence of Acartia pacifica （ Copepoda： Calanoida） and their resting eggs in the sediment of Xiamen Bay were documented between October 2002 and September 2003. The numher of viable eggs in the sediment increased from January to May with the increase in the numher of planktonic females. When the population ofA. pacifica disappeared from the water cohinm, the number of eggs in the sediment began to decrease and reached a low value due to lack of input. The peak of nauplii abundance occurred when the hatching potential of eggs from the sediment was high under the natural environment from February to June. The hatching of resting eggs of A. pacifica was essentially temperature-dependent after suspension, while photoperied regimes had no significant effect on the hatching. The mean density of subitaneeus eggs was 1. 122 0 g/cm^3 with a standard deviation （SD） of 0. 000 2 g/cm^3. The mean density of diapause eggs was 1. 151 2 g/cm^3 with a SD of 0.000 1 g/cm^3. The sinking rates of subitaneons eggs ranged from 19.55 to 26.17 m/d, while those of diapause eggs ranged from 30.29 to 31.28 m/d. The comparison of the egg deposition time and egg hatching time suggested that in most cases virtually all subitaneous eggs of A. pacifica would settle to the bottom before their hatching even though the eggs have high potential to hatch. The evidence was provided that the seasonal dynamics of A. pacifica is accompanied by benthic-pelagic coupling.
文摘Two terranes formed since the Late Palaeozoic can be distinguished in southwestern China. One is charac-terized by the Permo-Carboniferous ice-rafted marine gravel-bearing clastic formation and the cold-water faunaof the Gondwana facies, including the Gangmar Co, Lhasa, Sa' gya, Tengchong and Baoshan terranes and theother is marked by the Upper Palaeozoic of the Yangtze type with the Cathaysian flora and the Pacific-typefusulinids, comprising the Changning-Menglian, Shuangjiang-Lancang, Qamdo and Bayan Har terranes. TheLongmu Co-Shuanghu-Dengqen-North Lancang River-Kejie-Mengding suture zone between the two groups ofterranes is the boundary between Gondwana and Pacifica in southwestern China. On the grounds of thesedimentary formation and successive southwestward migration of the Asian nonmarine Jurassic-Cretaceousendemic bivalves, the ages of the suture and some terranes to the southwest of the suture zone are discussed.The Baoshan terrane and the Nyainrong-Sog terrane in the Lhasa composite terrane were firstly pieced togeth-er with the Asian continent in the early Early Jurassic. The northern Tibet-western Yunnan microplate, in-cluding the Gangmar Co, Lhasa and Tengchong terranes, collided with the Asian continent at the end of theEarly Cretaceous Neocomian.
基金Funded by NNSF of China (No.40506002, 40576065)the SOA Foundation for Young Scientists (No.2006119)PRIC Innovation Foundation of Polar Science for Young Scientists (No. JDQ200502).
文摘The potential effect of hydrocarbon contamination on the hatching success of benthic resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in Xiamen Bay was investigated experimentally. The number of nauplii emerging from the sediment samples decreased with increasing Fuel Oil #0 concentration. The estimated rate of mortality increased markedly with the increase of Fuel Oil #0 concentration. Successive fuel Oil #0 concentrations from 50 mg/kg to 5000 mg/kg reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 3.8%-100%. The mortality of A. pacifica resting eggs due to Fuel Oil #0 contamination did not significantly increase as time progressed at each concentration level. The LC50 values of resting eggs, changing from 237.12 to 279.59 mg/kg, remained at an almost stable level in two months. The number of A. pacifica nauplii that hatched from the sediment at 10°C was higher than those from the sediment at 30°C, which indicates that the toxicity of Fuel Oil #0 on A. pacifica resting eggs increases with increasing temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Outstanding Young Scientists (No 30525032)
文摘Objective To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Gypsophila pacifica.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and their structures were identified by spectral data together with physicochemical analysis.Results Five compounds were isolated and identified as 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl gypsogenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(1),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(2),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl gypsogenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(3),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(4),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-α-L-arabino-pyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(5).Conclusion The five compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.
