From a combination of Maxwell’s electromagnetism with Planck’s law and the de Broglie hypothesis, we arrive at quantized photonic wave groups whose constant phase velocity is equal to the speed of light c = ω/k and...From a combination of Maxwell’s electromagnetism with Planck’s law and the de Broglie hypothesis, we arrive at quantized photonic wave groups whose constant phase velocity is equal to the speed of light c = ω/k and to their group velocity dω/dk. When we include special relativity expressed in simplest units, we find that, for particulate matter, the square of rest mass , i.e., angular frequency squared minus wave vector squared. This equation separates into a conservative part and a uniform responsive part. A wave function is derived in manifold rank 4, and from it are derived uncertainties and internal motion. The function solves four anomalies in quantum physics: the point particle with prescribed uncertainties;spooky action at a distance;time dependence that is consistent with the uncertainties;and resonant reduction of the wave packet by localization during measurement. A comparison between contradictory mathematical and physical theories leads to similar empirical conclusions because probability amplitudes express hidden variables. The comparison supplies orthodox postulates that are compared to physical principles that formalize the difference. The method is verified by dual harmonics found in quantized quasi-Bloch waves, where the quantum is physical;not axiomatic.展开更多
Today,Internet of Things(IoT)is a technology paradigm which convinces many researchers for the purpose of achieving high performance of packets delivery in IoT applications such as smart cities.Interconnecting various...Today,Internet of Things(IoT)is a technology paradigm which convinces many researchers for the purpose of achieving high performance of packets delivery in IoT applications such as smart cities.Interconnecting various physical devices such as sensors or actuators with the Internet may causes different constraints on the network resources such as packets delivery ratio,energy efficiency,end-to-end delays etc.However,traditional scheduling methodologies in large-scale environments such as big data smart cities cannot meet the requirements for high performance network metrics.In big data smart cities applications which need fast packets transmission ratio such as sending priority packets to hospitals for an emergency case,an efficient schedulingmechanism ismandatory which is the main concern of this paper.In this paper,we overcome the shortcoming issues of the traditional scheduling algorithms that are utilized in big data smart cities emergency applications.Transmission information about the priority packets between the source nodes(i.e.,people with emergency cases)and the destination nodes(i.e.,hospitals)is performed before sending the packets in order to reserve transmission channels and prepare the sequence of transmission of theses priority packets between the two parties.In our proposed mechanism,Software Defined Networking(SDN)with centralized communication controller will be responsible for determining the scheduling and processing sequences for priority packets in big data smart cities environments.In this paper,we compare between our proposed Priority Packets Deadline First scheduling scheme(PPDF)with existing and traditional scheduling algorithms that can be used in urgent smart cities applications in order to illustrate the outstanding network performance parameters of our scheme such as the average waiting time,packets loss rates,priority packets end-to-end delay,and efficient energy consumption.展开更多
The propagation of wave packets and its relationship with the subtropical jet was investigated for the period 26 29 January 2008 over southern China using ECMWF Interim re-analysis data. Wave packets propagated from t...The propagation of wave packets and its relationship with the subtropical jet was investigated for the period 26 29 January 2008 over southern China using ECMWF Interim re-analysis data. Wave packets propagated from the north to the south side of an upper front with eastward development along the upper front during this period. Due to the eastward development of propagation, the acceleration of geostrophic westerly winds shifted eastward along the front. There were two primary sources of the propagation of wave packets at around 30°N. The first was the temperature inversion layer below 500 hPa, and the second was baroclinic zones located along the polarward flank of the subtropical jet in the middle and upper troposphere. Most wave packets propagated horizontally from the baroclinic zones and then converged on the zero meridional gradients of zonal winds.展开更多
The interference between two dissociating wave packets of the I2 molecule driven by femtosecond laser pulses is theoreticaly studied by using the time-dependent quantum wave packet method. Both the internuclear distan...The interference between two dissociating wave packets of the I2 molecule driven by femtosecond laser pulses is theoreticaly studied by using the time-dependent quantum wave packet method. Both the internuclear distance-and velocity-dependent density functions are calculated and discussed. It is demonstrated that the interference pattern is determined by the phase difference and the delay time between two pump pulses. With two identical pulses with a delay time of 305 fs and a FWHM of 20 fs, more interference fringes can be observed, while with two pump pulses with a delay time of 80 fs and a FWHM of 20 fs, only a few interference fringes can be observed.展开更多
Travel-time prediction has gained significance over the years especially in urban areas due to increasing traffic congestion. In this paper, the basic building blocks of the travel-time prediction models are discussed...Travel-time prediction has gained significance over the years especially in urban areas due to increasing traffic congestion. In this paper, the basic building blocks of the travel-time prediction models are discussed, with a small review of the previous work. A model for the travel-time prediction on freeways based on wavelet packet decomposition and support vector regression (WDSVR) is proposed, which used the multi-resolution and equivalent frequency distribution ability of the wavelet transform to train the support vector machines. The results are compared against the classical support vector regression (SVR) method. Our results indicated that the wavelet reconstructed coefficient when used as an input to the support vector machine for regression performed better (with selected wavelets only), when compared with the support vector regression model (without wavelet decomposition) with a prediction horizon of 45 minutes and more. The data used in this paper was taken from the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) of District 12 with a detector density of 2.73, experiencing daily peak hours except most weekends. The data was stored for a period of 214 days accumulated over 5-minute intervals over a distance of 9.13 miles. The results indicated MAPE ranging from 12.35% to 14.75% against the classical SVR method with MAPE ranging from 12.57% to 15.84% with a prediction horizon of 45 minutes to 1 hour. The basic criteria for selection of wavelet basis for preprocessing the inputs of support vector machines are also explored to filter the set of wavelet families for the WDSVR model. Finally, a configuration of travel-time prediction on freeways is presented with interchangeable prediction methods.展开更多
The early impulse fault diagnosis of the gearbox in rolling mills is often difficult and labour intensive because the gearbox of that high speed machine is multi-shafting transmission system,in which many gearsets and...The early impulse fault diagnosis of the gearbox in rolling mills is often difficult and labour intensive because the gearbox of that high speed machine is multi-shafting transmission system,in which many gearsets and rolling bears work together at the same time and there are much complex frequency structure and various disturb.A new time-frequency method based on the wavelet packets technique was developed and used to extract the impact feature from signals collected from faulty data of one rolling mills gearbox.The method improves the signal to noise ration so that results obtained using this method represents features with fine resolution in both low-frequency and the high frequency bands.The results of analysis indicate the validity and the practicability of the method proposed here.展开更多
Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks exploit the availability of Web servers, resulting in the severe loss of their connectivity. We present a robust IP packets filtering mechanism which combines the detecti...Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks exploit the availability of Web servers, resulting in the severe loss of their connectivity. We present a robust IP packets filtering mechanism which combines the detection and filtering engine together to protect Web Servers from DDoS Attacks. The mechanism can detect DDoS attacks by inspecting inbound packets with an IP address database, and filter out lower priority IP addresses to preserve the connection for valid users by monitoring the queues status. We use the Netfilter's technique, a framework inside the Linux 2.4. X, to implement it on a Web server. Also, we evaluate this mechanism and analyze the influence of some important parameters on system performance. The experimental results show that this mechanism is effective against DDoS attacks.展开更多
In recent years, M-band orthonormal wavelet bases, due to their good characteristics, have attracted much attention. The ability of 2-band wavelet packets to decompose high frequency channels can be employed to improv...In recent years, M-band orthonormal wavelet bases, due to their good characteristics, have attracted much attention. The ability of 2-band wavelet packets to decompose high frequency channels can be employed to improve the performance of wavelets for time-frequency localization, which makes more kinds of signals for analyzing by wavelets. Similar to the notations from the extension of 2-band wavelets to 2-band wavelet packets, the theoretic framework of M-band wavelet packets is developed, a generalization of the notations and properties of 2-band wavelet packets to that of M-band wavelet packets is made and the corresponding proofs are given.展开更多
In this paper, the notion of p-wavelet packets on the positive half-line P+ is introduced. A new method for constructing non-orthogonal wavelet packets related to Walsh functions is developed by splitting the wavelet...In this paper, the notion of p-wavelet packets on the positive half-line P+ is introduced. A new method for constructing non-orthogonal wavelet packets related to Walsh functions is developed by splitting the wavelet subspaces directly instead of using the lowpass and high-pass filters associated with the multiresolution analysis as used in the classical theory of wavelet packets. Further, the method overcomes the difficulty of constructing non-orthogonal wavelet packets of the dilation factor p 〉 2.展开更多
The notion of a sort of biorthogonal multiple vector-valued bivariate wavelet packets,which are associated with a quantity dilation matrix,is introduced.The biorthogonality property of the multiple vector-valued wavel...The notion of a sort of biorthogonal multiple vector-valued bivariate wavelet packets,which are associated with a quantity dilation matrix,is introduced.The biorthogonality property of the multiple vector-valued wavelet packets in higher dimensions is studied by means of Fourier transform and integral transform biorthogonality formulas concerning these wavelet packets are obtained.展开更多
In this paper, we discuss the B-spline wavelets introduced by Chui and Wang in [1]. The definition for B-spline wavelet packets is proposed along with the corresponding dual wavelet packets. The properties of B-spline...In this paper, we discuss the B-spline wavelets introduced by Chui and Wang in [1]. The definition for B-spline wavelet packets is proposed along with the corresponding dual wavelet packets. The properties of B-spline wavelet packets are also investigated.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to study wavelet frame packets in which there are many frames. It is a generalization of wavelet packets. We derive few results on wavelet frame packets and have obtained the corresponding fra...The aim of this paper is to study wavelet frame packets in which there are many frames. It is a generalization of wavelet packets. We derive few results on wavelet frame packets and have obtained the corresponding frame bounds.展开更多
In Wavelet Packets Based Multicarrier Multicode CDMA system, the multicode (MCD) part ensures the transmission for high speed and flexible data rate, the multicarrier (MC) part ensures the flexibility of handling mult...In Wavelet Packets Based Multicarrier Multicode CDMA system, the multicode (MCD) part ensures the transmission for high speed and flexible data rate, the multicarrier (MC) part ensures the flexibility of handling multiple data rates, and wavelet packets modulation technique contributes to the mitigation of the interference problems. The CDMA system can suppress a given amount of interference. In this paper, the receiver employs suppression filter (SF) to mitigate the effect of narrow-band jammer interference and diversity techniques to reduce multiple access interference. The framework for the system and the performance evaluation are presented in terms of bit error rate (BER) over a Nakagami fading channel. Also, we investigate how the performance is influenced by various parameters, such as the number of taps of the SF, the ratio of narrow-band interference bandwidth to the spread-spectrum bandwidth, the diversity order, the fading parameter and so on. Finally, the performance of the system is compared with the performance Sinusoidal (Sin) based MC/MCD CDMA system.展开更多
2-band wavelet packets in L-2 (R-s) were constructed in [3]. In this note, a way to construct bidimensional orthonormal wavelet packets related to the dilation matrix M = ((1)(1) (1)(-1)) is obtained. M-wavelets are u...2-band wavelet packets in L-2 (R-s) were constructed in [3]. In this note, a way to construct bidimensional orthonormal wavelet packets related to the dilation matrix M = ((1)(1) (1)(-1)) is obtained. M-wavelets are used ill quincunx subsampling in two dimensions for image processing. What is more., the approach of this paper can be generalized to construct wavelet packets in L-2 (R-s) related to a general diltion matrix.展开更多
Multi-protocol label switching(MPLS) has the advantage of high efficiency in the second layer, which improves the performance of data packets routing. In this paper, a new structure to implement optical MPLS is prop...Multi-protocol label switching(MPLS) has the advantage of high efficiency in the second layer, which improves the performance of data packets routing. In this paper, a new structure to implement optical MPLS is proposed. We construct a code family for spectral-amplitude coding(SAC) labels in the optical MPLS networks. SAC labels are suitable for optical packet switching because they can be constructed and recognized quickly at each router. We use the label stacking to provide hierarchical routing to avoid swapping labels at each forwarding node and reduce system complexity. However, the phase-induced intensity noise(PIIN) appears due to the incoherent property of the light source when the stacked labels set makes the correlation decoding with the local node label,which degrades system performance.展开更多
In this paper, we present a method for constructing multivariate tight framelet packets associated with an arbitrary dilation matrix using unitary extension principles. We also prove how to construct various tight fra...In this paper, we present a method for constructing multivariate tight framelet packets associated with an arbitrary dilation matrix using unitary extension principles. We also prove how to construct various tight frames for L2 (JRa) by replacing some mother framelets.展开更多
Studies have shown that packet reordering is common, especially in satellite networks where there are link level retransmissions and multipath routing. Moreover, traditional satellite networks exhibit high corruption ...Studies have shown that packet reordering is common, especially in satellite networks where there are link level retransmissions and multipath routing. Moreover, traditional satellite networks exhibit high corruption rates causing packet losses. Reordering and corruption of packets decrease the TCP performance of a network, mainly because it leads to overestimation of the congestion in the network. We consider satellite networks and analyze the performance of such networks when reordering and corruption of packets occurs. We propose a solution that could significantly improve the performance of the network when reordering and corruption of packets occur in a satellite network. We report results of our simulation experiments, which support this claim.展开更多
In this work we are formulating a new theory for describing the waving nature of a microscopic electric particle. Based on the predictions of the Quantum Oscillatory Modulated Potential—QOMP, for describing the inter...In this work we are formulating a new theory for describing the waving nature of a microscopic electric particle. Based on the predictions of the Quantum Oscillatory Modulated Potential—QOMP, for describing the interaction between two microscopic electric particles, electron-electron, for instance, we are postulating that the waving behavior of these particles may be an attribute of the charges of the particles and not their masses as currently accepted. For a microscopic electric charge, we are presenting new arguments showing that the electric field in the vicinity of a microscopic charge is spatially waving and can be determined as the gradient per unit of charge of this new quantum interaction potential, with use of an appropriated phase factor to account for the behavior of an unbound electron. Differently of what is predicted by the classical Coulomb electric field, when a charged particle is moving under the action of a potential of V volts, the new electric field existing around the charge has the form of a wave packet. For typical values of the potential V, the wavelength of the waving electric field is in very good agreement with those experimentally observed with diffraction of electrons in crystalline solids.展开更多
Two problems in solid state physics and superconductivity are addressed by applications of dispersion dynamics. The first is the Hall effect. The dynamics of charges that yield positive Hall coefficients in material h...Two problems in solid state physics and superconductivity are addressed by applications of dispersion dynamics. The first is the Hall effect. The dynamics of charges that yield positive Hall coefficients in material having no mobile positive charges have always been problematic The effect requires both electric and magnetic response, but magnetic deflection is only possible in mobile charges. In high temperature superconductors, these charges must be electrons. Contrary to Newton’s second law, their acceleration is reversed in crystal fields that dictate negative dispersion. This is evident in room temperature measurements, but a second problem arises in supercurrents at low temperatures. The charge dynamics in material having zero internal electric field because of zero resistivity;and zero magnetic field because of the Meissner-Ochsenfeld diamagnetism;while the supercurrents themselves have properties of zero net momentum;zero spin;and sometimes, zero charge;are so far from having been resolved that they may never have been addressed. Again, dispersion dynamics are developed to provide solutions given by reduction of the superconducting wave packet. The reduction is here physically analyzed, though it is usually treated as a quantized unobservable.展开更多
文摘From a combination of Maxwell’s electromagnetism with Planck’s law and the de Broglie hypothesis, we arrive at quantized photonic wave groups whose constant phase velocity is equal to the speed of light c = ω/k and to their group velocity dω/dk. When we include special relativity expressed in simplest units, we find that, for particulate matter, the square of rest mass , i.e., angular frequency squared minus wave vector squared. This equation separates into a conservative part and a uniform responsive part. A wave function is derived in manifold rank 4, and from it are derived uncertainties and internal motion. The function solves four anomalies in quantum physics: the point particle with prescribed uncertainties;spooky action at a distance;time dependence that is consistent with the uncertainties;and resonant reduction of the wave packet by localization during measurement. A comparison between contradictory mathematical and physical theories leads to similar empirical conclusions because probability amplitudes express hidden variables. The comparison supplies orthodox postulates that are compared to physical principles that formalize the difference. The method is verified by dual harmonics found in quantized quasi-Bloch waves, where the quantum is physical;not axiomatic.
基金This study is supported through Taif University Researchers Supporting Project Number(TURSP-2020/150),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Today,Internet of Things(IoT)is a technology paradigm which convinces many researchers for the purpose of achieving high performance of packets delivery in IoT applications such as smart cities.Interconnecting various physical devices such as sensors or actuators with the Internet may causes different constraints on the network resources such as packets delivery ratio,energy efficiency,end-to-end delays etc.However,traditional scheduling methodologies in large-scale environments such as big data smart cities cannot meet the requirements for high performance network metrics.In big data smart cities applications which need fast packets transmission ratio such as sending priority packets to hospitals for an emergency case,an efficient schedulingmechanism ismandatory which is the main concern of this paper.In this paper,we overcome the shortcoming issues of the traditional scheduling algorithms that are utilized in big data smart cities emergency applications.Transmission information about the priority packets between the source nodes(i.e.,people with emergency cases)and the destination nodes(i.e.,hospitals)is performed before sending the packets in order to reserve transmission channels and prepare the sequence of transmission of theses priority packets between the two parties.In our proposed mechanism,Software Defined Networking(SDN)with centralized communication controller will be responsible for determining the scheduling and processing sequences for priority packets in big data smart cities environments.In this paper,we compare between our proposed Priority Packets Deadline First scheduling scheme(PPDF)with existing and traditional scheduling algorithms that can be used in urgent smart cities applications in order to illustrate the outstanding network performance parameters of our scheme such as the average waiting time,packets loss rates,priority packets end-to-end delay,and efficient energy consumption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40930950 and 40921160379)the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LaSW+1 种基金Grant No. 2011LASW-A01)the National Basic Research Project of China under Grant No. 2012CB417201
文摘The propagation of wave packets and its relationship with the subtropical jet was investigated for the period 26 29 January 2008 over southern China using ECMWF Interim re-analysis data. Wave packets propagated from the north to the south side of an upper front with eastward development along the upper front during this period. Due to the eastward development of propagation, the acceleration of geostrophic westerly winds shifted eastward along the front. There were two primary sources of the propagation of wave packets at around 30°N. The first was the temperature inversion layer below 500 hPa, and the second was baroclinic zones located along the polarward flank of the subtropical jet in the middle and upper troposphere. Most wave packets propagated horizontally from the baroclinic zones and then converged on the zero meridional gradients of zonal winds.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 10674022 and 20633070)
文摘The interference between two dissociating wave packets of the I2 molecule driven by femtosecond laser pulses is theoreticaly studied by using the time-dependent quantum wave packet method. Both the internuclear distance-and velocity-dependent density functions are calculated and discussed. It is demonstrated that the interference pattern is determined by the phase difference and the delay time between two pump pulses. With two identical pulses with a delay time of 305 fs and a FWHM of 20 fs, more interference fringes can be observed, while with two pump pulses with a delay time of 80 fs and a FWHM of 20 fs, only a few interference fringes can be observed.
文摘Travel-time prediction has gained significance over the years especially in urban areas due to increasing traffic congestion. In this paper, the basic building blocks of the travel-time prediction models are discussed, with a small review of the previous work. A model for the travel-time prediction on freeways based on wavelet packet decomposition and support vector regression (WDSVR) is proposed, which used the multi-resolution and equivalent frequency distribution ability of the wavelet transform to train the support vector machines. The results are compared against the classical support vector regression (SVR) method. Our results indicated that the wavelet reconstructed coefficient when used as an input to the support vector machine for regression performed better (with selected wavelets only), when compared with the support vector regression model (without wavelet decomposition) with a prediction horizon of 45 minutes and more. The data used in this paper was taken from the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) of District 12 with a detector density of 2.73, experiencing daily peak hours except most weekends. The data was stored for a period of 214 days accumulated over 5-minute intervals over a distance of 9.13 miles. The results indicated MAPE ranging from 12.35% to 14.75% against the classical SVR method with MAPE ranging from 12.57% to 15.84% with a prediction horizon of 45 minutes to 1 hour. The basic criteria for selection of wavelet basis for preprocessing the inputs of support vector machines are also explored to filter the set of wavelet families for the WDSVR model. Finally, a configuration of travel-time prediction on freeways is presented with interchangeable prediction methods.
文摘The early impulse fault diagnosis of the gearbox in rolling mills is often difficult and labour intensive because the gearbox of that high speed machine is multi-shafting transmission system,in which many gearsets and rolling bears work together at the same time and there are much complex frequency structure and various disturb.A new time-frequency method based on the wavelet packets technique was developed and used to extract the impact feature from signals collected from faulty data of one rolling mills gearbox.The method improves the signal to noise ration so that results obtained using this method represents features with fine resolution in both low-frequency and the high frequency bands.The results of analysis indicate the validity and the practicability of the method proposed here.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (60373075 ,60473055)
文摘Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks exploit the availability of Web servers, resulting in the severe loss of their connectivity. We present a robust IP packets filtering mechanism which combines the detection and filtering engine together to protect Web Servers from DDoS Attacks. The mechanism can detect DDoS attacks by inspecting inbound packets with an IP address database, and filter out lower priority IP addresses to preserve the connection for valid users by monitoring the queues status. We use the Netfilter's technique, a framework inside the Linux 2.4. X, to implement it on a Web server. Also, we evaluate this mechanism and analyze the influence of some important parameters on system performance. The experimental results show that this mechanism is effective against DDoS attacks.
文摘In recent years, M-band orthonormal wavelet bases, due to their good characteristics, have attracted much attention. The ability of 2-band wavelet packets to decompose high frequency channels can be employed to improve the performance of wavelets for time-frequency localization, which makes more kinds of signals for analyzing by wavelets. Similar to the notations from the extension of 2-band wavelets to 2-band wavelet packets, the theoretic framework of M-band wavelet packets is developed, a generalization of the notations and properties of 2-band wavelet packets to that of M-band wavelet packets is made and the corresponding proofs are given.
文摘In this paper, the notion of p-wavelet packets on the positive half-line P+ is introduced. A new method for constructing non-orthogonal wavelet packets related to Walsh functions is developed by splitting the wavelet subspaces directly instead of using the lowpass and high-pass filters associated with the multiresolution analysis as used in the classical theory of wavelet packets. Further, the method overcomes the difficulty of constructing non-orthogonal wavelet packets of the dilation factor p 〉 2.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(0511013500)
文摘The notion of a sort of biorthogonal multiple vector-valued bivariate wavelet packets,which are associated with a quantity dilation matrix,is introduced.The biorthogonality property of the multiple vector-valued wavelet packets in higher dimensions is studied by means of Fourier transform and integral transform biorthogonality formulas concerning these wavelet packets are obtained.
文摘In this paper, we discuss the B-spline wavelets introduced by Chui and Wang in [1]. The definition for B-spline wavelet packets is proposed along with the corresponding dual wavelet packets. The properties of B-spline wavelet packets are also investigated.
文摘The aim of this paper is to study wavelet frame packets in which there are many frames. It is a generalization of wavelet packets. We derive few results on wavelet frame packets and have obtained the corresponding frame bounds.
文摘In Wavelet Packets Based Multicarrier Multicode CDMA system, the multicode (MCD) part ensures the transmission for high speed and flexible data rate, the multicarrier (MC) part ensures the flexibility of handling multiple data rates, and wavelet packets modulation technique contributes to the mitigation of the interference problems. The CDMA system can suppress a given amount of interference. In this paper, the receiver employs suppression filter (SF) to mitigate the effect of narrow-band jammer interference and diversity techniques to reduce multiple access interference. The framework for the system and the performance evaluation are presented in terms of bit error rate (BER) over a Nakagami fading channel. Also, we investigate how the performance is influenced by various parameters, such as the number of taps of the SF, the ratio of narrow-band interference bandwidth to the spread-spectrum bandwidth, the diversity order, the fading parameter and so on. Finally, the performance of the system is compared with the performance Sinusoidal (Sin) based MC/MCD CDMA system.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation (19801005). the Youth Foundation of Beijing. the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (
文摘2-band wavelet packets in L-2 (R-s) were constructed in [3]. In this note, a way to construct bidimensional orthonormal wavelet packets related to the dilation matrix M = ((1)(1) (1)(-1)) is obtained. M-wavelets are used ill quincunx subsampling in two dimensions for image processing. What is more., the approach of this paper can be generalized to construct wavelet packets in L-2 (R-s) related to a general diltion matrix.
文摘Multi-protocol label switching(MPLS) has the advantage of high efficiency in the second layer, which improves the performance of data packets routing. In this paper, a new structure to implement optical MPLS is proposed. We construct a code family for spectral-amplitude coding(SAC) labels in the optical MPLS networks. SAC labels are suitable for optical packet switching because they can be constructed and recognized quickly at each router. We use the label stacking to provide hierarchical routing to avoid swapping labels at each forwarding node and reduce system complexity. However, the phase-induced intensity noise(PIIN) appears due to the incoherent property of the light source when the stacked labels set makes the correlation decoding with the local node label,which degrades system performance.
文摘In this paper, we present a method for constructing multivariate tight framelet packets associated with an arbitrary dilation matrix using unitary extension principles. We also prove how to construct various tight frames for L2 (JRa) by replacing some mother framelets.
文摘Studies have shown that packet reordering is common, especially in satellite networks where there are link level retransmissions and multipath routing. Moreover, traditional satellite networks exhibit high corruption rates causing packet losses. Reordering and corruption of packets decrease the TCP performance of a network, mainly because it leads to overestimation of the congestion in the network. We consider satellite networks and analyze the performance of such networks when reordering and corruption of packets occurs. We propose a solution that could significantly improve the performance of the network when reordering and corruption of packets occur in a satellite network. We report results of our simulation experiments, which support this claim.
文摘In this work we are formulating a new theory for describing the waving nature of a microscopic electric particle. Based on the predictions of the Quantum Oscillatory Modulated Potential—QOMP, for describing the interaction between two microscopic electric particles, electron-electron, for instance, we are postulating that the waving behavior of these particles may be an attribute of the charges of the particles and not their masses as currently accepted. For a microscopic electric charge, we are presenting new arguments showing that the electric field in the vicinity of a microscopic charge is spatially waving and can be determined as the gradient per unit of charge of this new quantum interaction potential, with use of an appropriated phase factor to account for the behavior of an unbound electron. Differently of what is predicted by the classical Coulomb electric field, when a charged particle is moving under the action of a potential of V volts, the new electric field existing around the charge has the form of a wave packet. For typical values of the potential V, the wavelength of the waving electric field is in very good agreement with those experimentally observed with diffraction of electrons in crystalline solids.
文摘Two problems in solid state physics and superconductivity are addressed by applications of dispersion dynamics. The first is the Hall effect. The dynamics of charges that yield positive Hall coefficients in material having no mobile positive charges have always been problematic The effect requires both electric and magnetic response, but magnetic deflection is only possible in mobile charges. In high temperature superconductors, these charges must be electrons. Contrary to Newton’s second law, their acceleration is reversed in crystal fields that dictate negative dispersion. This is evident in room temperature measurements, but a second problem arises in supercurrents at low temperatures. The charge dynamics in material having zero internal electric field because of zero resistivity;and zero magnetic field because of the Meissner-Ochsenfeld diamagnetism;while the supercurrents themselves have properties of zero net momentum;zero spin;and sometimes, zero charge;are so far from having been resolved that they may never have been addressed. Again, dispersion dynamics are developed to provide solutions given by reduction of the superconducting wave packet. The reduction is here physically analyzed, though it is usually treated as a quantized unobservable.