Use of albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone, and combined solutions as scolicidal agents on hydatid cysts (in vitro study)

AIM: To establish which scolicidal agents are superiorand more suitable for regular use.METHODS: Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleceswere obtained from 25 patients with liver hydatidcysts. Various concentrations of albendazole sulfone,albendazole sulfoxide, and albendazole sulfone andalbendazole sulfoxide mixed together in concentrationsof 50 μg/mL, and H2O2 in a concentration of 4%, NaCl20%, and 1.5% cetrimide-0.15% chlorhexidine (10%Savlon-Turkey) were used to determine the scolicidaleffects. Albendazole (ABZ) derivatives and otherscolicidal agents were applied to a minimum of 100scoleces for 5 and 10 min. The degree of viability wascalculated according to the number of living scolicesper fi eld from a total of 100 scolices observed underthe microscope.RESULTS: After 5 min, ABZ sulfone was 97.3%effective, ABZ sulfoxide was 98.4% effective, and thecombined solution was 98.6% effective. When sulfone,sulfoxide and the combined solutions were compared,the combined solution seemed more effective thansulfone. However, there was no difference when thecombined solution was compared with sulfoxide. After10 min, hypertonic salt water, sulfone, sulfoxide, andthe combined solution compared to other solutionslooked more effective and this was statisticallysignificant on an advanced level. When sulfone,sulfoxide, and the combined solutions were compared with each other, the combined solution appeared more effective than sulfone. When the combined solution was compared with sulfoxide, there was no difference.CONCLUSION: Despite being active, ABZ metabolites did not provide a marked advantage over 20% hypertonic saline. According to these results, we think creating a newly improved and more active preparation is necessary for hydatid cyst treatment.

The combined time-frequency analysis of the acoustic signals backscattered from ultrasonic contrast agents in the evaluation of the blood perfusion

Objective: To analyze the non-periodic, unstable and even chaotic echoes scattered from microbubbles which are extremely sensitive and may easily collapse, fragment or shrink when ultrasound contrast agents are exposed to ultrasound (US) irradiation. Methods: The combined time-frequency analysis was applied to the original signals instead of the traditional Fourier spectral analysis technique. Results: The results obtained from simulation as well as experiment showed that the subharmonic, 2nd harmonic and ultra harmonic of the microbubbles occurred during the oscillation and varied with time. The dependence on the incident ultrasonic amplitude and microbubble parameters were established. Conclusion: The transient echoes backscattered from the ultrasound agent in the evaluation of the blood perfusion can be analyzed thoroughly by the technique of combined-frequency analysis and the time detail of the frequency contents can be revealed.

Antiangiogenic agents combined with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer

As a targeted therapy, antiangiogenic treatment has been increasingly studied for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and has proven effective for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting angiogenesis, is the only antiangiogenic agent approved for use in combination with first-line chemotherapy for non-squamous NSCLC. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting the tyrosine kinase receptor have also shown promise when combined with standard chemotherapeutic agents in patients with advanced NSCLC. However, unlike bevacizumab, not all other antiangiogenic agents show significant benefits when combined with chemotherapy. As for the failures of most other combinations, the combination schedule may be an important reason that has so far been overlooked in clinical trials. This article reviews the combination of angiogenic agents with chemotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC.

Treatment of malignant digestive tract obstruction by combined intraluminal stent installation and intra-arterial drug infusion

AIM To study the palliative treatment of malignant obstrution of digestive tract with placement of intraluminal stent combined with intra-arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs.METHODS A total of 281 cases of digestive tract malignant obstruction were given per oral (esophagus,stomach, duodenum and jejunum), per anal (colon and rectum ) and percutaneous transhepatic ( biliary )installation of metallic stent. Among them, 205 cases received drug infusion by cannulation of tumor supplying artery with Seldingers technique.RESULTS Altogether 350 stents were installed in 281 cases, obstructive symptoms were relieved or ameliorated after installation. Occurrence of restenotic obstruction was 8 - 43 weeks among those with intraarterial drug infusion, which was later than 4 - 26 weeks in the group with only stent installation. The average survival time of the former group was 43 (3 - 105) weeks,which was significantly longer than 15 (3- 24) weeks of the latter group.CONCLUSION Intraluminal placement of stent combined with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy is one of the effective palliative therapies for malignant obstruction of the digestive tract with symptomatic as well as etiological treatment.

Calcium carbonate promotes the formation and stability of soil macroaggregates in mining areas of China

We studied changes in the concentrations of aggregate-cementing agents after different reclamation times and with different fertilization regimes,as well as the formation mechanism of aggregates in reclaimed soil,to provide a theoretical basis for rapid reclamation of soil fertility in the subsidence area of coal mines in Shanxi Province,China.In this study,soil samples of 0–20 cm depth were collected from four fertilization treatments of a longterm experiment started in 2008:no fertilizer (CK),inorganic fertilizer (NPK),chicken manure compost (M),and50%inorganic fertilizer plus 50%chicken manure compost (MNPK).The concentrations of cementing agents and changes in soil aggregate size distribution and stability were analysed.The results showed that the formation of>2 mm aggregates,the aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD),and the proportion of>0.25 mm water-stable aggregates (WR_(0.25)) increased significantly after 6 and 11 years of reclamation.The concentration of organic cementing agents tended to increase with reclamation time,whereas free iron oxide (Fed) and free aluminium oxide(Ald) concentrations initially increased but then decreased.In general,the MNPK treatment signi?cantly increased the concentrations of organic cementing agents and CaCO_(3),and CaCO_(3) increased by 60.4%at 11 years after reclamation.Additionally,CaCO_(3) had the greatest effect on the stability of aggregates,promoting the formation of>0.25 mm aggregates and accounting for 54.4%of the variance in the proportion and stability of the aggregates.It was concluded that long-term reclamation is bene?cial for improving soil structure.The MNPK treatment was the most effective measure for increasing maize grain yield and concentration of organic cementing agents and CaCO_(3).

煤矿井下掘进机器人路径规划方法研究

针对煤矿非全断面巷道条件下掘进机器人移机难度大、效率低下等问题,分析了煤矿井下非结构化环境特征及掘进机器人运动特性,提出了基于深度强化学习的掘进机器人机身路径规划方法。利用深度相机将巷道环境实时重建,在虚拟环境中建立掘进机器人与巷道环境的碰撞检测模型,并使用层次包围盒法进行虚拟环境碰撞检测,形成巷道边界受限下的避障策略。考虑到掘进机器人形体大小且路径规划过程目标单一,在传统SAC算法的基础上引入后见经验回放技术,提出HER-SAC算法,该算法通过环境初始目标得到的轨迹扩展目标子集,以增加训练样本、提高训练速度。在此基础上,基于奖惩机制建立智能体,根据掘进机器人运动特性定义其状态空间与动作空间,在同一场景下分别使用3种算法对智能体进行训练,综合平均奖励值、最高奖励值、达到最高奖励值的步数以及鲁棒性4项性能指标进行对比分析。为进一步验证所提方法的可靠性,采用虚实结合的方式,通过调整目标位置设置2种实验场景进行掘进机器人的路径规划,并将传统SAC算法和HER-SAC算法的路径结果进行对比。结果表明:相较于PPO算法和SAC算法,HER-SAC算法收敛速度更快、综合性能达到最优;在2种实验场景下,HER-SAC算法相比传统SAC算法规划出的路径更加平滑、路径长度更短、路径终点与目标位置的误差在3.53 cm以内,能够有效地完成移机路径规划任务。该方法为煤矿掘进机器人的自主移机控制奠定了理论基础,为煤矿掘进设备自动化提供了新方法。

企业委托贷款制度的理论反思及其功能化构造

企业委托贷款制度是企业融资创新与金融监管政策结合的产物,商业银行在委托贷款制度中的角色定位既有监管属性又有代理人特征。商业银行在金融法与民商法中的二元定位为委托贷款法律关系的厘清造成了混乱,不仅未能发挥更好的监督能效,而且引发了不容小觑的金融风险。因此,规制委托贷款需要从民商法与金融法结合视角,通过厘清委托贷款中以商业银行为核心的内外部法律关系,合理安排委托贷款法律关系各方权利格局,实现商业银行民事责任的归位与强化,以维护主体间利益平衡。推动委托贷款立法与司法规制系统适配,行政监管与金融司法协调互补,以促进委托贷款理论革新与制度优化,实现防范化解重大金融风险的制度目标。

去甲基化药物联合维奈克拉在急性髓系白血病造血干细胞移植中的应用进展

移植后复发是导致急性白血病异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)失败的主要原因,复发患者的挽救性治疗效果有限,预后往往很差,很少有患者能够长期存活。去甲基化药物(hypomethylating agents, HMAs)联合维奈克拉(Venetoclax, VEN)的治疗已经成为指南推荐的对于≥60岁尤其是不适合强化疗的初治急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia, AML)患者的新标准治疗方案。但关于allo-HSCT过程中HMAs+VEN的联合治疗,目前临床应用较少。本文就二者联合应用于桥接allo-HSCT、移植后复发预防及挽救治疗中的作用作一综述,以阐明其治疗AML移植患者的整体疗效,进一步指导其在allo-HSCT中的临床应用。

油料作物联合外源添加物强化重金属污染农田修复效果的研究进展

本文综述了螯合剂、氯化物、微生物与油料作物联合的相关研究进展。发现不同联合应用的修复效果和修复机理有所差异,同一油料作物联合三种修复手段产生的修复效果不同,从而修复不同污染类型和污染程度土壤时有更适宜的搭配,为提高油料作物修复效率提供更多新的思路和参考。

产品生命周期下企业多认知主体的多属性决策

为探讨产品生命周期下企业多认知主体对提高产品研发方案多属性决策评价准确性的问题,通过周期阶段和认知主体的双维度,进行主体常权的周期调整变权研究,对研发方案进行多属性决策。构造多认知主体常权,以信息熵生成专家主体常权,并以模糊学和定量卡诺(Analytical Kano,A-Kano)获取需求分类信息和用户主体常权;构造产品生命周期变换的组合权,以用户主体的需求分类信息判断产品周期性阶段,并以G2序关系确认多认知主体周期调整变权;最后将周期调整变权-组合权代入多准则妥协解排序法(VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje,VIKOR)完成产品方案妥协优选。以某企业智能扫地机器人的研发评价会为例,验证该集成评价方法的有效性。结果表明:该方法能帮助管理者认识到不同认知主体在产品生命周期不同阶段下的建议以促进实现方案优选,进而改进现有企业周期阶段的评价流程。

“芬顿+重捕剂”组合工艺处理电镀化镍废水效能研究

为考察“芬顿+重捕剂”组合工艺对电镀化镍废水的处理效能,利用小试试验对市场上五种二硫代氨基甲酸盐类(DTC类)重捕剂进行比选,并在对单独芬顿工艺优化基础上,对组合工艺进行实际化镍废水达标处理和成本分析,确定组合工艺的最佳契合点。试验结果表明,DTC-2为较适宜的重捕剂,具有pH适应范围广(3.0~11.0)、抗干扰性强、去除Ni速度快、处理成本低(1.20元/t)等优点。确定了单独芬顿工艺中Fe^(2+)/H_(2)O_(2)较优的投加摩尔比为0.8,此时破络效果最好,络合Ni的去除率高达98.5%。组合工艺参数优化表明,当处理芬顿出水中络合Ni剩余质量浓度为0.2、0.3、0.5、0.7、1.0、1.5 mg/L时,重捕剂DTC-2(1%)投药量分别为0.08、0.19、0.5、1.25、7.5、25 mL/L,废水均能达标排放(络合Ni浓度≤0.1 mg/L)。“芬顿+重捕剂”组合工艺最佳契合方案为先芬顿处理化镍废水至剩余Ni含量为1.0 mg/L左右,再利用重捕剂DTC-2捕集去除至达标排放,此时组合工艺的处理成本最低(7.79元/t)。

基于组合遗传算法的电力科技创新成果多agent集成仿真

电力科技成果普遍交叉,为了降低集成电力科技创新成果耗时与能量损耗,研究基于组合遗传算法的电力科技创新成果多agent集成仿真。将底层数据库中电力科技创新资源经多种接口调配至关联库、综合评价以及专家评价三大agent模块,通过结合遗传算法与蚁群算法优点的组合遗传算法,优化解决多agent集成任务分配问题,实现电力科技创新成果高效集成。实验表明,该算法的寻优能力高、求解速度快;可规范化、结构化地集成电力科技创新成果信息;具有耗时少、能量损耗低优势。为科技创新和成果转化提供新思路。

5种组合药剂不同配比防治黑松松针盾蚧对比试验

通过对40%氧乐果乳油(omethoate)+480g/L吡虫啉悬浮剂(imidacloprid)、45%马拉硫磷乳油(malathion)+480g/L吡虫啉悬浮剂、45%毒死蜱乳油(chlorpyrifos)+5%啶虫脒乳油(acetamiprid)、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油(beta cypermethrin)+480g/L吡虫啉悬浮剂、50%敌敌畏乳油(dichlorvos)+5%啶虫脒乳油5种组合药剂不同配比防治黑松松针盾蚧的防治效果进行了分析,结果表明:45%毒死蜱乳油+5%啶虫脒乳油(3∶2)防治效果最好,其次为50%敌敌畏乳油+5%啶虫脒乳油(3∶2),最差为4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油+480g/L吡虫啉悬浮剂(1∶1)。

Time-limited,Combined Regimen in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia:A Promising Strategy to Achieve a Drug Holiday

Chemoimmunotherapy(CIT)is defined as standard first line treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)patients while patients with unfavorable biological characteristics such as unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain(UM-IGHV)and TP53 aberration failed to benefit from it.The emergency of the small molecular targeted agents including Bruton’s tyrosine kinase(BTK)inhibitor(BTKi)leads to a brand-new era,from a CIT to a chemo-free era in CLL.However,the treatment of target agents is not enough to attain a deep remission and high rate of complete remission(CR),especially in patients with high risks.The long duration brought about problems,such as cost,drug resistance and toxicity.To benefit CLL in progression free survival(PFS)and long-term remission,exploration of time-limited therapies,mainly with BTKi plus CIT and BCL2i based combination therapy has become a mainstream in clinical trials.The time-limited combination therapy shed light on the promising potentiality to attain sustainable deep remission and partly overcame the risk factors,although long term follow-up is required to consolidate the conclusion.In this review,we intend to introduce key results of clinical trials with combination therapy,discuss the achievements and limitations and put forward future direction for clinical trial design in this field.

Novel anti-androgen receptor signaling agents:Understanding the mechanisms of resistance

Prostate cancer remains an intractable threat to the lives of men worldwide.Although deaths from prostate cancer(PCa)in the United States have declined in recent years,in other parts of the world Pca mortality is increasing.The introduction of 2nd generation antiandrogen receptor agents into the therapeutic armamentarium for metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer(mCRPC)has resulted in modestly increased survival advantages as demonstrated by initial clinical trials.However,analysis of the molecular pathways affected by these agents may lead to new insight into mechanisms of resistance that drive mCRPC,including proliferation and survival signaling pathways that are derepressed by maximum repression of androgen signaling.Combination therapies that involve anti-AR signaling agents together with agents that target these pathways establish a paradigm for the development of more effective treatment of mCRPC.In this review,we briefly summarize the current clinical trial literature with regard to novel anti-AR signaling agents such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide.We discuss observational data that point to mechanisms of resistance that emerged from these studies.We further present and discuss recent experimental studies that address the mechanisms of resistance to these treatments.Finally,we discuss novel and rational therapeutic approaches,including combination therapy,for patients with mCRPC.

Combined Ang-2 and VEGF Targeting Therapies in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from pre-existing ones, is an important feature of tumor growth that has been exploited as a therapeutic target in oncology. Given its key role in facilitating blood vessel sprouting, VEGF has been a major focus of anti-angiogenic strategies, but the observation of resistance in some clinical trials utilizing such agents has led to a search for new or complementary targets in angiogenesis process. The Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway and in particular the Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) ligand which is critically involved in the destabilization of normal vasculature, has been identified as one such target. The current study investigated the potential benefits of combining an Ang-2 targeted therapy with small molecule VEGF targeted agents (Sunitinib, Cediranib) in a human renal cell carcinoma model. The results showed that while both Ang-2 and VEGF interference on their own impaired tumor growth and new blood vessel formation, the combination of agents that targeted both pathways resulted in significantly superior anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects.

One patient with metastastic colorectal cancer successfully treated by combination of targeted agents after failure of chemotherpay

Either cetuximab or bevacizumab can improve the survival of patients with metastastic colorectal cancer (mCRC) if administered combided with cytotoxic agents. However, the effect of two or more target agents in combination is uncertain in these patients. Here, we reported a patient with mCRC successfully treated by a combination of target agents after the failure of chemotherapy. The patient received palliative resection of primary tumor followed by 9 cycles of postoperative XELOX regimen, cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK)-based biotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine, particle implantation in the lung metastatic lesions. The tumor progressed 20 months after the standard treatments. Then, the regimen cetuximab, bevacizumab and cefitinib was applied. During the treatment with targeted agents, grade IV acne-like rash and relatively severe parionychia of the toes occurred. Both of them recovered smoothly. The PET-CT reexamination at 40 days after the target treatment showed that the metabolism of mediastinal lymph nodes basically recovered to a normal level. The combination of multiple targeted agents obtained a progression-free survival(PFS) of 11 months and the patient with a good quality of life during this period.

Combined therapeutic effects of cytotoxic agent and differentiation-inducer on human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901

Objective:To study the combined therapeutic effects of cytotoxic agent and differentiation-inducer on human gas tric carcinoma celll line SGC-7901 in vitro. Methods: The combined therapeutic effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), interferon a (IFNa)and fluorouracil (5-Fu) on gastric carcinoma cell line ax 7901 were observed when one of the 3, the combination of any 2 of the 3 and combination of all the 3 were administered respectively. The morphological and functional changes of gastric carcinoma cells were studied with MTT assay, flow cytometry, image analysis and determination of CEA content in the culture medium of the cells. Results: The cytostatic rate was increased as shown by the decrease of the rate of colony formation of the cells on culture disc when one agent, the combination of 2 agents and the combination of the 3 were administered progressively. The cells were relatively accumulated in the phase of G0/G1 and synthesis of DNA in he cells was inhibited.The malignant phenotype of the cells disappeared gradually while the characteristics of matUre cells were in creased. Meanwhile, CEA Level in the culture medium was decreased progressively. Apoptosis of the cells was oborved and a large amount of apoptotic apoptotic were found. Conclusion: The administration of the 3 agents in combination result in signif icant inhibition on proliferation, inducing of differention and promotion of apoptosis of gastric caxcinoma cells. The combina tion of cytotoxic agent and differention-inducer exerts significant inhibition on gastric carcinoma cells in vitro.

冷杀菌技术与植物源抑菌剂联合抗菌研究进展

随着食品安全意识不断深入人心,人们更加青睐于安全高效的新型抗菌技术。相对于传统杀菌技术,冷杀菌技术简单易操作、处理温度低、对食品感官品质影响小、杀菌的同时能较好地保存食品的营养成分。植物源抑菌剂相对于化学防腐剂不仅安全高效,而且具有广泛的生物活性,如抗氧化、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、免疫调节等,然而,单独使用冷杀菌技术不能完全杀灭病原菌,植物源抑菌剂使用成本高,其难溶性和强烈的挥发性气味也限制了其应用。该研究综述了冷等离子体、紫外线、超高压和超声波这几种冷杀菌技术分别与植物源抑菌剂的联合抗菌研究进展,指出了冷杀菌技术与植物源抑菌剂的联合应用不仅能降低冷杀菌技术的处理强度和植物源抑菌剂的使用浓度,而且增强了抗菌效果,冷杀菌技术与植物源抑菌剂的联合应用在食品保鲜领域有着广阔的应用前景。该研究为这两种技术的协同抗菌研究提供一定的理论参考,并就其应用前景及应用中存在的问题进行了探讨。

宫颈神经内分泌癌治疗的新进展

宫颈神经内分泌癌(neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix,NECC)是一种罕见的恶性程度极高的妇科肿瘤。临床上对NECC的组织来源、发病机制并不明确。NECC没有标准的治疗方案,多是结合宫颈鳞状细胞癌、腺癌和小细胞肺癌的治疗经验制定治疗方案。近年来大样本队列基因组研究显示,NECC与宫颈外神经内分泌癌具有不同的基因组学特征,对NECC与宫颈外神经内分泌癌之间的生物学和治疗相关性提出了质疑。由于NECC的罕见性,获得足够数量的患者进行疗效试验的可能性很低,这阻碍了NECC标准治疗方案的制定。基因检测能为NECC靶向药物的个体化治疗提供策略。多项研究结果显示,NECC具有潜在的可调控的治疗靶点,免疫疗法与放射疗法结合可以延长晚期复发性NECC患者的长期生存。综述NECC的分子特征、靶向药物及免疫治疗的研究进展。