Paleoenvironmental reconstruction and organic matter accumulation of the paleogene shahejie oil shale in the Zhanhua Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

The controlling factors of organic-rich shale accumulation is essential for the exploration and development of shale oil and gas resources.The sedimentary environment plays a vital role in the formation of organic-rich sediments in lacustrine facies.This article unravels the mineralogy,geochemistry,and paleoenvironmental evolution during the deposition of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation(Es_(3)^(L)).It discusses the effects of paleoclimate,paleosalinity,paleoredox conditions,paleowater depth,and paleoproductivity on organic matter(OM)enrichment.Finally,the OM enrichment model was established.The results show that the mineralogical compositions are mainly composed of calcite(avg.40.13%),quartz(avg.21.64%)and clay minerals(avg.24.07%),accompanied by dolomite(avg.7.07%),feldspar(avg.6.36%)and pyrite(avg.2.95%).The Es_(3)^(L) shale has a high abundance of OM,with total organic carbon(TOC)ranging from 1.07%to 5.12%.The organic matter type is mainly composed of type I-II_(1) kerogen,which is generally considered a good-quality source rock.The source of OM is a mixture of lower bacteria,algae,and plants.During the early sedimentary period,the paleoclimate was dry and cold,with high salinity,intense reducibility,and relatively low productivity.During the late sedimentary period,the climate became warmer and more humid.As a result,the salinity decreased to a level that was suitable for biological reproduction,and productivity increased gradually due to the input of terrigenous plants.Paleosalinity and paleoclimate determined the environment of the sedimentary period,in addition,paleoproductivity and paleoredox condition indicated the formation and preservation conditions of OM.The warm and humid climate,brackish water,suitable reduction conditions and high productivity are the favorable conditions for the generation and preservation of organic matter.The research results may have implications for the genetic mechanisms of organic matter accumulation.They will provide theoretical and technical insights into the exploration and development of shale oil.

Megafossils of Betulaceae from the Oligocene of Qaidam Basin and their paleoenvironmental and phytogeographic implications

Understanding the paleoenvironment and phytogeographical history of the Tibetan Plateau,China relies on discovering new plant fossils.The Qaidam Basin has long been regarded as an ideal‘field laboratory’to investigate the paleoclimate and paleobiological evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau.However,fossil angiosperms from the Qaidam Basin are rare,and our knowledge of its paleovegetation is poor.Here,we report fossil leaves and fruits of Betulaceae found from the Oligocene Shangganchaigou Formation of northwestern Qaidam Basin(Huatugou area).Comparative morphological analysis led us to assign the fruits to the Betula subgenus Betula and the leaves to Carpinus grandis.These findings,together with other reported fossil plants from the same locality,reveal a close floristic linkage between the Qaidam Basin and Europe during the Oligocene.The northern pathway of this floristic exchange may have crossed through the Qaidam Basin during the late Paleogene.This floristic linkage may have been facilitated by the continuous narrowing of the Turgai Strait and stronger westerlies,which transported moisture and provided favorable climatic conditions.Indeed,fossil plants collected from the Qaidam Basin suggest that during the Oligocene this region had warm and humid deciduous broad-leaf forest,which differs from the region’s modern vegetation and indicates that the Qaidam Basin may have been a suitable region for these plants to flourish and spread during the Oligocene.

Paleoenvironment of marine-continental transitional shales in the lower Permian Shanxi formation,southeastern Ordos Basin,China

The paleoenvironment of shales can be reconstructed to some extent using the combinations or concentrations of elements that correlate strongly with environmental conditions.In this study,we analyzed rare earth elements(REEs),major elements,and trace elements in the marine-continental transitional shales(transitional shales for short)of the Shan 2^(3)submember of the Shanxi Formation in the southeastern Ordos Basin.The purpose is to deduce the paleoenvironmental conditions of the shales,encompassing paleoredox,paleoclimate,paleoproductivity,and paleo-provenance.The Shan 2^(3)submember comprises four sections,namely Shan 2^(3)-1,Shan 2^(3)-2,Shan 2^(3)-3,and Shan 2^(3)-4.The Ba/Al,P/Al,and Cu/Al ratios,along with biogenic barium(Babio),indicate that the paleoproductivity of the submember peaked during the Shan 2^(3)-1 deposition and exhibited a downtrend upward in other sections.Trends in the Uau and the Ni/Co,V/Cr,U/Th,and V/Sc ratios suggest that suboxic conditions prevailed during the Shan 2^(3)-1 deposition,with the oxidation level gradually increasing from Shan 2^(3)-1 to Shan 2^(3)-4.C-value and the Sr/Cu vs.Ga/Rb cross-plot indicate a warm and arid paleoclimate during the Shan 2^(3)-1 deposition,which transitioned to cooler,drier conditions during the deposition of other sections.Indicators sensitive to paleoclimate,such as the K/Rb and Th/U ratios,along with the ICV,PIA,and Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA),highlight elevated weathering from Shan 2^(3)-2 to Shan 2^(3)-4,with Shan 2^(3)-1 exhibiting the weakest weathering during its deposition.As suggested by the REE data,the Zr/Sc vs.Th/Sr cross-plot,provenance discriminant functions,and the cross-plots of Hf vs.La/Th,Th vs.Hf-Co,and∑REE vs.La/Yb,the sedimentary provenance for the transitional shales of the Shan 2^(3)submember is of multiple origins,with significant contributions from the Upper Continental Crust(UCC).Discriminant diagrams,including those of Th-Co-Zr/10,Th-Sc-Zr/10,La-Th-Sc,and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O vs.SiO_(2),suggest that the transitional shales of the Shan 2^(3)submember were primarily deposited under tectonic settings such as continental island arcs(CIAs)and passive continental margins(PCMs).

Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Organic Matter Enrichment Genesis of the Late Turonian Black Shale in the Southern Songliao Basin,NE China

The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation black shales,deposited in the late Turonian(LTB shales),are the main source rocks of the Songliao Basin.The origins of organic matter enrichment of the shales is a contentious subject fuelling many ongoing debates.This study investigates the genesis of the organic matter-rich shale by using molecular geochemistry.The LTB shales can be divided into three sections.The SectionⅠshales were deposited in saline,stratified and anoxic water conditions,which are related to seawater incursion events.At least three episodic and periodic seawater incursion events were recognized during SectionⅠshale deposition.The SectionⅡshales deposited in brackish to fresh and deep lake-level conditions with high primary productivity,which are related to lake-level transgression.The SectionⅢshales were deposited under fresh and slightly oxidized water conditions,which are related to lake-level regression.Two organic matter enrichment models for the LTB shales are identified,that is,the seawater incursion model and the maximum lake-level transgression sedimentation model,which act on different shale sections,both playing significant roles in the enrichment of organic matter.

Palynostratigraphy and Paleoenvironment of Bukit Tigapuluh Area in the Jambi Subbasin from Oligocene to Miocene

The Oligocene-Miocene trajectory exposed at the Lubuk Lawas and Lubuk Bernai Stratigraphic Tracks in Bukit Tigapuluh, Jambi Subbasin, Indonesia, archives remnants of equatorial vegetation during extreme global warming and near the beginning of the East Java-Eurasia microcontinent collision, and was carried out using mapping surface analysis, petrological analysis, sedimentology, stratigraphy and palinology. The rock units were deposited during one sedimentation phase, that is the continental deposition phase, which consists of conglomerates, gravel sandstones and sandstones that fill the basin followed by transgressive deposits associated with the deepening of the basin environment. Three palynozones Meyeripollis naharkotensis (Oligocene), Florschuetzia trilobata (Early Miocene) and Florschuetzia meridionalis (Middle Miocene) were identified stratigraphically on the basis of these pollen. The rock layers are deposits from the Early Oligocene to Middle Miocene from bottom to top. The depositional environment changed over time, passing from a narrow, steep-sided tectonic basin, during the Early to Late Oligocene, followed by a lacustrine basin to a palustine with oceanic influence, as a result of distensive E-W movement between the Jambi Fault and the Sunda Fault in the Late Oligocene to the Middle Miocene. Occurrence of taxonomically highly diverse angiosperm pollen in all three palynozones attests to an extremely rich inland and nearshore tropical flora under a strong seasonal rainfall regime. The climate remained warm and became increasingly humid towards the end of the Miocene. The nature of the environment is related to the dynamics of the opening of the basin opening.

Paleoenvironment reconstruction of the Middle Ordovician thick carbonate from western Ordos Basin, China

Reconstructing paleoenvironments has long been considered a vital component for understanding the development and evolution of carbonate reservoirs.The Middle Ordovician Period is considered the archetypical greenhouse interval,and also a critical period in biological evolution.The Middle Darriwilian isotope carbon excursion has been observed in many areas of the world and may be related to the biological explosions caused by decreases in the temperature.The thick carbonate rocks in the fifth member of the Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Dingbei area of the Ordos Basin were chosen as an example,based on the concentration of major,trace and rare earth elements as well as C,O and Sr isotopic analyses,the paleoenvironment was reconstructed.And its impact on natural gas exploration was analyzed.The results show that the seawater paleotemperature was 29℃,suboxicanoxic paleoredox conditions were observed,and the seawater paleosalinity was high.A large number of plankton in the biological explosion caused a rapid increase in the total organic carbon in carbonate rocks,which provided natural gas as supplemental source rocks.Affected by early meteoric water,the dissolution of gypsum laid the foundation for high-quality reservoirs,and the residual gypsum also further preserved natural gas.This study provides new data for the paleoenvironment and a theoretical basis for further natural gas exploration.

Thalassinoides Ichnofabrics of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation(Stage 4,Toyonian)on the Yangtze Platform,South China:Improving Paleoenvironmental Interpretations

An analysis of Thalassinoides ichnofabrics in the Cambrian Stage 4 Longwangmiao Formation from six sections near Chonqing in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Block of South China was conducted to promote the understanding of the paleoenvironment of this period.Thalassinoides ichnofabrics are divided into three types according to their morphology,bioturbation index,abundance and related parameters:banded,mottled and grid.The completeness of the ichnofabrics gradually increases from banded to grid,the scale of the burrows expands,and the structure transitions from twodimensional to three-dimensional.Malacostracans,phyllocarids and enteropneusts are the most likely burrowers.The findings reveal that frequent changes in paleoenvironmental conditions are the dominant factors for generating the various Thalassinoides ichnofabrics.The changes in depositional rate,substrate properties and nutrient levels affect the behavior and building patterns of the burrowers,thus leading to the diversity of Thalassinoides ichnofabrics.In the lower Longwangmiao Formation beds,many incomplete Thalassinoides burrow systems were built in the substrates with terrigenous detrital minerals,revealing significant environmental pressure on the burrowers.Later,the Thalassinoides burrows went into complete three-dimensional boxworks.At the end of the stage,bioturbation almost disappeared,which indicates that burrowers were finding it difficult to survive in the harsh environment.

希夏邦马峰地区三趾马化石对古高度和古环境重建的厘定

在第一次青藏高原科学考察中,于希夏邦马峰地区吉隆盆地晚中新世沃马组中发现的三趾马动物群化石成为证明青藏高原隆升历程的重要证据之一。在其后的考察中,希夏邦马峰周边以及青藏高原其他地区有若干三趾马新材料发现,持续对青藏高原隆升过程研究起到了非常重要的作用。本文研究了采集自希夏邦马峰地区吉隆盆地的三趾马新材料,其形态特征包括:门齿唇侧无纵沟;上颊齿原尖圆、小,无次尖收缩,褶皱较弱;下颊齿双叶近圆形,双叶谷浅,宽U形,外中谷在前臼齿中浅。这些特征与原来在吉隆盆地发现的福氏三趾马(Hipparion forstenae)的鉴定特征完全一致。自三趾马在晚中新世初期从北美迁入旧大陆以后,在众多的地点都有非常繁盛的三趾马动物群分布,其中的三趾马通常有多个种共存。然而,青藏高原腹地目前已知的三趾马动物群中均只有一种三趾马存在,这种现象非常罕见。在现代青藏高原,物种数量会随着海拔升高而发生变化,在中等海拔地段物种丰富度最高,在2500m以上的高海拔地区显著下降。本文通过高原腹地与泛第三极地区的青藏高原南缘、北缘、以东及以西区域三趾马物种多样性的比较,结果表明这一现象是青藏高原在新近纪时期的强烈隆升导致的特殊地形与气候环境所致。

西藏聂拉木亚汝雄拉晚中新世化石及其古环境意义

西藏聂拉木亚汝雄拉南坡保存有较厚的新生代达涕古湖盆沉积物,并产出晚中新世晚期福氏(垂鼻)三趾马(Hipparion(Cremohipparion)forstenae)化石,是研究青藏高原喜马拉雅地区新生代隆升与环境变迁的重要区域之一。目前对喜马拉雅山脉代表性新生代沉积盆地的地层与古脊椎动物化石的研究工作主要集中在札达和吉隆盆地,对达涕古湖盆的研究程度仍很低。2020年,由中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所组织的第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究古生物分队,对聂拉木亚汝雄拉地区开展中-新生代地层与古生物调查,在新近纪地层中采集到一小批脊椎动物化石,包括鲤科咽齿、犀类、有蹄类和鼠兔类。其中,鼠兔类化石归属于艾氏拟美兔(Bellatonoides eroli),这是该属在青藏高原地区的首次发现,指示其产出层位的生物地层年代不会晚于晚中新世早期(灞河期)。根据哺乳动物化石,目前可从亚汝雄拉剖面中识别出两个不同的层位和年代,即上部湖滨相地层产福氏(垂鼻)三趾马,其年代为晚中新世晚期(保德期);下部湖相地层产艾氏拟美兔,其年代可能为晚中新世早期(灞河期)。此前艾氏拟美兔发现于土耳其安卡拉(Ankara)和我国内蒙古中部地区中中新世晚期-晚中新世早期的地层中,通常与灵长类及其他森林型哺乳动物共同出现;福氏(垂鼻)三趾马分布于西藏吉隆和山西保德晚中新世晚期地层中,被认为适应于开阔生境,海拔分布不超过2900m。化石证据显示聂拉木达涕古湖盆在晚中新世早期至晚期的古海拔可能比现代高度低了近2000m,古植被类型存在从晚中新世早期的森林到晚中新世晚期的森林草原环境的转变,整体上晚中新世亚汝雄拉的古环境远比现代要适宜得多。

辽东湾北部JXC-1孔孢粉组合特征及其古环境意义

【目的】研究辽东湾北部JXC-1孔孢粉学特征,以更好地认识早更新世晚期以来辽东湾古环境演化。【方法】对JXC-1孔沉积地层选取159个样品进行孢粉鉴定,结合测年数据,对比有孔虫丰度和粒度变化等指标,开展孢粉组合及含量变化分析。【结果】划分出9个孢粉带,孢粉组合可以反映渤海陆缘区植被面貌,其中草本花粉在整个剖面占绝对优势,含量在60%以上,具有超代表性,而木本花粉代表性低。【结论】对比冰期、间冰期气候变化过程,研究区早更新世晚期以来孢粉组合变化特征指示气候呈冷干-温湿交替。中更新世末期以来辽东湾经历了3次高海平面过程,与孢粉组合指示的气候变化趋势一致,MIS7和MIS5时期,阔叶树种和蒿属比例较高,有孔虫丰度较高,气候偏暖,属沉积动力相对稳定的浅海或滨海环境;而MIS6和MIS4时期,孢粉浓度极低,气候偏冷,属沉积动力相对复杂的滨岸湖泊或沼泽等陆相环境。MIS3时期至全新世(MIS1)时期,气候由凉湿向温湿转变。全新世孢粉组合指示气温先升后降的变化趋势,与海平面变化响应明显。

徐家围子断陷沙河子组烃源岩形成古环境及主控因素

【目的】明确沙河子组优质烃源岩形成的主控因素,为松辽盆地深层天然气勘探方向优选提供地质依据。【方法】综合利用岩心、有机地球化学和元素地球化学等多种资料,系统研究沙河子组沉积环境和水体环境,明确了断裂活动、沉积相和古沉积环境对烃源岩有机质丰度、类型的控制作用。【结果】沙河子组发育暗色泥岩和煤岩两种类型烃源岩,沙Ⅰ段沉积期断裂活动强,水体相对局限、深度大,形成的“深水窄盆”盐度高、还原性好,以半深湖相泥岩为主,沙Ⅱ段时断裂活动弱,湖盆面积达到最大,形成的“浅水宽盆”盐度低、还原性变差,烃源岩以滨浅湖相煤岩为主。【结论】断裂活动在下降盘为泥岩堆积提供可容纳空间,控制了泥岩厚度;沉积环境影响有机质输入,决定了泥岩有机质类型和煤岩分布;由古盐度、古水深和氧化还原组成的古沉积环境影响有机质的富集和保存,是导致现今烃源岩质量差异的主要原因。

泥河湾盆地第四纪哺乳动物群概览及若干新认识

泥河湾盆地最初以其广泛分布的含化石河湖相地层而受关注,并以其丰富的哺乳动物化石而著称于世,而今,泥河湾盆地已成为世界著名旧石器考古重地和研究第四纪地质古生物的重要场所。狭义泥河湾动物群(或下沙沟动物群)是我国北方早更新世的标准动物群,其古地磁年龄是2.2-1.7 MaBP。随着地层古生物工作的深入开展,盆地内也发现了若干中-晚更新世化石点;丁家堡水库全新统中发现的象颊齿,之前被鉴定为亚洲象,新的测年数据表明其时代大于5万年,依据牙齿测量数据和形态特征,本研究将其归入诺氏古菱齿象。目前已在泥河湾盆地发现百余个化石地点,鉴定出236种(包括未定属种)哺乳动物,分属于8目、32科和121属,其中38个属种(包括亚种)最初是以泥河湾化石材料而建立。总而言之,泥河湾盆地哺乳动物化石以早更新世者居多,并且化石材料保存完好;有些属种在欧亚大陆古北区第四纪哺乳动物群形成过程中发挥过重要作用,例如早期猛犸象、披毛犀、野牛及真枝角鹿等,还有直隶狼、貉及各种真马。泥河湾盆地由于河流和断层切割以及沉积相变等原因,导致各个化石点及史前考古遗址地层难以直接对比,更难全窥盆地内动物群演化的整体脉络;新的生物地层对比研究表明,桑干河南岸的岑家湾台地周缘的早更新世化石点,其主化石层位与下沙沟地区经典泥河湾动物群的层位大致相当。泥河湾盆地哺乳动物化石主要产自细砂、粉砂及黏土地层;化石成堆产出或者呈条带状及凸镜状分布的特点,多数与水流搬运有关。除过1枚豪猪牙齿和少量麂类化石之外,泥河湾盆地第四纪哺乳动物群中几乎不含东洋界动物,总体反映了干冷草原为主的古环境背景。

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜煤田侏罗系煤中元素地球化学特征及其古环境意义

本文以鄂尔多斯盆地东胜煤田塔然高勒矿区锡尼布拉格勘查区6-5号钻孔延安组煤为研究对象,在工业分析和元素分析的基础上,采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定了煤中常量元素及微量元素含量,对煤中元素的富集程度进行了分析,并利用煤相参数和地球化学参数对延安组不同煤层的沉积古环境进行了重建。结果表明:不同煤层样品以低水分含量、(特)低灰分产率、特低硫含量和中高挥发分产率为特征,煤中硫以有机硫为主;不同煤层煤中常量元素均以SiO_(2)和Al_(2)O_(3)为主,其次为CaO、Fe_(2)O_(3)和Na_(2)O;煤中微量元素富集程度不同,3#煤中富集Cr、Zr、Nb、Ta和Th,轻度富集V、Cu、Zn、Ga、Y、Ba、Yb、Hf、W、Pb和U,4#煤中富集Sb,轻度富集Ba、Be、Co,5#煤中轻度富集Be和Co,6#煤中轻度富集Cr和V;稀土元素结果表明,3#煤和6#煤以重稀土富集型为特征,4#煤和5#煤以中/重稀土富集型为特征,不同煤层均存在Eu正异常现象;不同煤层煤岩显微组分均以惰质组为主,其中4#煤中惰质组含量最低;各煤层沉积水体均为氧化环境占主导,其中3#、5#及6#煤形成于酸性、富氧—次富氧、水动力较弱的干燥森林沼泽相,而4#煤形成于酸性、富氧—次富氧、水动力较弱的干燥森林沼泽相与碱性、缺氧—极贫氧环境、水体环境波动较大的潮湿森林沼泽相,这两种环境交替出现。

鄂西鹤峰埃迪卡拉系灯影组叠层石及其生态环境讨论

【研究目的】扬子区鄂中台地埃迪卡拉系灯影组赋存丰富的叠层石,但尚未有报道对其进行系统描述。通过识别台地西南端鹤峰白果坪剖面灯影组中的叠层石种类、分析沉积环境,阐述古环境对叠层石形态分布的控制,为后续开展鄂中台地埃迪卡拉纪的叠层石研究提供参考。【研究方法】通过剖面测量和镜下观察,于白果坪灯影组白云岩中识别出平直纹层、Stratifera层状、微波状纹层三种层状叠层石和一种Baicalia柱状叠层石。【研究结果】研究认为上述的叠层石类型分别对应周期性暴露(前两种类型)、潟湖(微波状)和潮间带—潮下带上部(柱状)的生态位。对比与白果坪剖面灯影组同期叠层石的形态及分布规律,可知形成叠层石的微生物群落强烈受控于古水深等环境条件。层状叠层石生态区间宽,柱状及其他形态叠层石仅见于局限地区,多样性较低。【结论】扬子区碳酸盐岩台地长期稳定的大范围潮坪环境造成的广泛分布浅水生态位和局限分布较深水生态位,是导致灯影组沉积期叠层石多样性低的主要原因。

陕南勉县寒武系仙女洞组生物礁岩相学及古环境分析

【目的】生物礁演化史上一个关键节点是寒武纪早期广泛出现了后生动物古杯与微生物群落的联合造礁,该造礁群落形成环境和发育条件值得探讨。【方法】以华南板块西北缘汉南—米仓山地区的勉县大河坝剖面为例,对寒武系仙女洞组沉积序列和生物礁临近层位开展了系统的岩相学、沉积学和元素地球化学分析。【结果】岩相学特征显示礁体形成于海退背景下的临滨带环境,建造过程可依次分为钙质微生物主导、古杯动物大量繁盛以及古杯与钙质微生物联合建造三个阶段。生物礁灰岩中的陆源碎屑组分含量向上增多,且颗粒变粗,顶部被中—细砂岩覆盖。【结论】古杯—钙质微生物礁生长过程中对低强度的陆源碎屑输入具有一定的耐受度,当粗粒陆源碎屑组分的持续、高强度输入时将造成生物礁发育终止。本实例揭示了古杯—钙质微生物造礁群落生长过程与海底生态指标的相关性,可为古环境学、沉积学和储层地质学相关研究提供参考。

国家一流本科专业学科前沿课的教学思考--以有孔虫-古大洋环境重建的重要标志课程为例

建设海洋强国,需要培养具有坚实的专业基础、国际化的视野、很强的创新能力的海洋科学专业高层次后备人才。为此,我们为海洋科学专业高年级本科生开设学科前沿课有孔虫-古大洋环境重建的重要标志。该课程以引导、自主学习、讨论和实验等方式,锻炼学生们通过重建有孔虫及其壳体地球化学特征知识体系,探索其在大洋地层的划分与对比、古洋流重建、古海水化学、古生产力以及海岸带演化等方面国际前沿问题的能力。初步实践表明,对新时代的大学生,这是一种值得推广的教学方式。

现代鲕粒工厂特征及对深时研究的启示

【意义】海洋环境下形成的规模性鲕粒岩既是研究气候和环境演化的良好载体,又是重要的油气资源储库,具有极高的科研与经济价值。【进展】传统的鲕粒岩研究主要关注沉积序列、沉积模式和空间分布规模,而忽视了鲕粒滩体堆积、埋藏与成岩的动态过程,以及环境因素的变化对其演化过程的影响。通过对现代海洋环境下两种典型鲕粒工厂(镶边台地和缓坡)的生产者、构成、分布、建造过程、与其他工厂的关系,以及可能影响工厂发育的物理、化学和生物因素的综合分析,揭示了鲕粒工厂的发育特征。研究表明,强搅动水体环境、极高的碳酸盐矿物饱和度、有效的活跃—停滞状态转换是制约鲕粒工厂发育的关键因素,而不同的沉积背景和海平面变化则决定了工厂的发育环境和规模。【结论与展望】从碳酸盐工厂的角度出发,不仅为了解大规模鲕粒工厂的启动、繁盛和衰退过程及其影响因素提供了重要线索,也为评估其勘探价值提供了多维度的证据,还为探索深时和预测未来的环境变化对碳酸盐沉积体系的影响提供了新的思路。

江汉盆地陈沱口凹陷始新统盐湖古环境对富有机质岩相发育的控制

江汉盆地新沟嘴组下段Ⅱ油组广泛发育页岩与白云岩互层的烃源岩,近期该层系页岩油勘探获得了重大突破,但盐湖沉积背景下沉积的膏盐对于孔隙的影响制约了页岩油的勘探开发,明确低膏盐富有机质岩相发育的控制因素对页岩油勘探具有重要意义。选取陈沱口凹陷的C1系统取心井作为研究对象,通过岩心及岩石薄片的观察鉴定,全岩矿物组成质量分数、有机碳及地球化学元素含量测定,对C1井新沟嘴组下段Ⅱ油组的岩相类型、沉积环境和有机质富集主控因素进行了系统研究,建立了适合江汉盆地新沟嘴组盐湖相岩相划分方案和沉积模式。结果表明:C1井新沟嘴组下段Ⅱ油组共发育4类7种岩相,分别为富碳细纹层状白云岩、富碳粗纹层状白云岩、含碳块状白云岩;富碳细纹层状混合质页岩、富碳粗纹层状混合质页岩;含碳粗纹层状粉砂岩;贫碳块状膏盐岩。古气候、古盐度与古氧化还原协同演化控制了岩相发育的多样性,有机质富集的主控因素为还原性古水介质环境。页岩油勘探有利岩相为富碳(含碳)粗纹层(细纹层)状白云岩(混合质页岩),有利岩相的沉积环境为咸水、还原的半深湖环境。陈沱口凹陷新沟嘴组下段Ⅱ油组富有机质岩相发育控制因素及其沉积环境的揭露,可为江汉盆地相关凹陷新沟嘴组页岩油勘探提供借鉴和参考。

镉锌稳定同位素地球化学及其在土壤等地质体中的危害与治理研究进展

【研究目的 】镉、锌既是重要的矿产资源,也是有害的重金属元素。随着多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)的发展,镉、锌等非传统稳定同位素体系的建立与应用使镉、锌地球化学研究水平迈上新的高度,镉、锌同位素体系建立与应用成为国际研究热点。【研究方法 】本文通过查阅大量镉、锌同位素的相关文献,从镉、锌同位素的分析方法、分馏机制、自然界储库组成及应用领域进行了综述。【研究结果 】(1)随着镉、锌同位素分析技术的不断改进,其同位素体系正在逐步建立;(2)地球各储库中的锌同位素组成已基本查明,镉同位素组成正处于数据积累阶段;(3)镉、锌同位素分馏机制主要包括吸附沉淀、生物作用、化学作用等,目前已逐渐被应用到指示行星分异、探明成矿机制、重建古环境、示踪污染源等多种领域中;(4)在解析重金属污染源时,多种同位素的联用有助于减小不确定性。【结论 】在新型同位素分析仪器和技术的开发下,镉、锌同位素的研究拥有更大的发展空间。未来的研究重点主要包括对镉、锌同位素分馏机制、部分储库含量、应用领域进行完善。

四川盆地灯影组微生物岩组构元素富集特征及意义

【目的】埃迪卡拉纪晚期(灯影期)微生物岩是地球生命—环境协同演化的产物。【方法】在四川盆地灯影组微生物岩沉积组构划分基础上,结合不同组构的微区地球化学分析,总结微生物组构控制下的元素富集特征。【结果与结论】四川盆地灯影组微生物岩发育纹层、凝块、泡沫绵层、葡萄花边和核形石组构。纹层组构发育放线菌Actinophycus、似肾形菌Renaclis、似葛万菌Girvanellas,凝块组构发育似附枝菌Epiphiton-resembling、似肾形菌Renaclis、曲线菌Tortofimria,葡萄花边组构发育放线菌Actinophycus,泡沫绵层组构曲线菌Tortofimria,组构阴极发光呈黑色和暗红色。扫描电镜下,微生物组构发育大量诱导白云岩(呈球粒状和叠层状)、蓝细菌化石,与微生物席或EPS伴生。灯四段微生物组构Fe、S元素含量增高。灯二段葡萄花边组构富集V、Y元素,凝块组构富集V、Y、Ni元素;V、Cr、Ni、Y、LREE、HREE和ΣREE在灯四段凝块及纹层组构均有富集,Cu元素富集在凝块组构中,Zr元素富集在纹层组构中。元素富集效应显示灯影组海水以贫氧为主,灯二段海水较均一,灯四段海水分层明显,海水部分氧化。